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Love Strong as Death: Towards Another Finitude

Author(s): Agata Bielik-Robson / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

The essay focuses on love as a characteristic marker of a finite existence and its inherent relationship with others. Against the thanatophilic thought of Martin Heidegger, who defined human life as being-towards-death, the author would like to develop a philosophy of love which is, at the same time, an alternative philosophy of finitude. In order to do so, she evokes the Jewish concept of ahava which cannot be reduced either to the Greek sublimatory eros or the Christian agape. The author understands ahava as a way in which finite contingent life says yes to itself as a life, and not as a short-lasting moment of being, dead the very moment it gets born (as in Schopenhauer.s famous pun: natus est denatus). She also claims that there is a specifically Jewish conception of the love of the neighbour, which cannot be conflated with the Christian one and which implies its own rendering of both ‘love’, constituting an alternative to death, and ‘the neighbour’, constituting the truly singular other.

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Memory, Interpretation, Identity

Author(s): Wojciech Kalaga / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2016

The article investigates complex relations between memory, interpretation and identity, with special emphasis on the role of memory as a building material and of interpretation as a constructor of human identity. Construed as an ontological condition of subjectivity interpretation seems to be inevitably involved in the workings of memory, both individual and collective. However, the archival model of memory dominant in the Western culture effectively excludes interpretation as a mechanism of (re)constructing memory because it depicts the latter as a stable and unchangeable imprint of an experience. Likewise, the Bergsonian model, which portrays memory as a virtual space, leaves little room for interpretation. It is only when Bergson’s model is supplemented with the pansemiotic vision of C.S. Peirce – or, in other words, when the virtual space is filled with an infinite network of interpretive sign relations – that the inextricable connection between interpretation and memory in shaping human identity becomes theoretically validated.

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Arendt and Heidegger: the Human Condition Reconsidered

Author(s): Tengiz Tsimnaridze / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2019

Heidegger’s name is often brought up in connection to Arendt’s The Human Condition (1958), since his thought had a pervasive influence on Arendt’s work. Although Heidegger is not mentioned in The Human Condition, Arendt herself claims in her letter that her work “grew right out of the first days in Marburg and so is in all respects indebted to” him. Accordingly, this article is an attempt to search for the roots of Arendt’s philosophical views in her magnum opus. Based upon close reading of Heidegger’s texts, this article argues that Heidegger’s later philosophy has impacted on Arendt’s ontology and her understanding of modern society in The Human Condition. My plan is as follows: first, to note Arendt’s relationship to Western tradition of political philosophy; second, to discuss Arendtian notions of political action and public realm; and third to study her conception of modernity.

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Историчност на понятието фигура у Ауербах

Author(s): Kamelia Spassova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2020

The term figura gives us the possibility to think about the critical limits of the entanglement between the political and the poetical on the fluctuating trajectories of the passing time (chronos) and the embodied time of the event (kairos). In Auerbach’s article “Figure” (1938) the concept is defined as a dynamic with its own regime of historicity, connecting one particular person/event with another particular person/event. Such a regime presumes the kairotic logic of the right occasion, of the exceptional time of the context, where something that is suggested to happen, just happens. This is the process of real embodiment of figures. The main point of Auerbach is that the figura is a temporal, not only а special topological concept. It is characterized by its dynamic and radiant power, its own historicity inasmuch as it has inherited and preserves several temporal layers. In the end of this paper I shall make a distinction between a literary figure and a conceptual persona. Bartleby, the Scrivener is seen as a conceptual persona by Deleuze and Guattari, Derrida, Badiou, Rancière, Hardt and Negri, Agamben, Zupancic, Zizek, yet Bartleby is still a literary figure above all else – a literary figure that sometimes copies its own formation, and sometimes… simply prefers not to. The task of the current paper is to outline the stakes of modern literary history, composed through literary figures.

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THE SECRET OF GENIALITY (IV)

Author(s): Robert Djidjian / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2020

We continue to publish, in a series, the book THE SECRET OF GENIALITY (Yerevan, Armenia,Noyan Tapan Printing House, 2002) by our colleague Robert Djidjian, not only because we all must know the philosophical research and creation (in our domain of epistemology and philosophy of science and technology) from a wider geographic area than that provided by the established fashion in virtue of both extra-scientific reasons and a yet obsolete manner to communicate and value the research; but also because the book as such is living, challenging and very instructive.The title of the book is suggestive enough to make us to focus on an old problem: the dialectic of the insight, of the discovery –its psychology moving between flashes of intuitions and knowledge stored in memory– and its logic of composition of knowledge from hypotheses to their demonstration and verification. The realm of science is most conducive to the understanding of this dialectic and the constitution of the ideas which are theproofs of what is the most certain for humans: the “world 3”, as Popper called the kingdom of human results of their intellection, and though transient and perishable in both their uniqueness and cosmic fate, the only certain proof of the reason to be of homo sapiens in the frame of multiversal existence. Therefore, the power to create is the secret of the human geniality, and how to create science is a main part of this secret.

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Метафизическият генезис на онтологията

Author(s): Georgi Donev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2020

The paper analyzes the metaphysical genesis of the ontology. Two primary forms of metaphysical thinking are defined. The first form is defined as dogmatical metaphysical thinking. The latter includes the substantial form of existence, which is explicated through the ontic apriori semantics and leads to contradictions. These contradictions are established through the language of classical logic. The second form is defined as critical metaphysical thinking, which is objectless and contains logical syntax that sets apriori the boundaries of the possible semantics of the existence of the transcendental consciousness’ objects. In this sense, the ontology is a relative semantics, which is a consequence of the metaphysical critique of the ontic form of existence.

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Кантиански колебания около собствено философския метод

Author(s): Ivaylo Dimitrov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2021

According to leading Kant scholars, in mid-1760s Kant realizes that his program for the reform of metaphysics cannot be developed by the method of conceptual analysis which he had previously considered to be more adequate than the synthetic method of the Wolffians that imitates the mathematical one. In this paper, I put into question the claim of a pre-Critical project of ‘analytical metaphysics’ by trying to show that even for the ‘pre-Critical’ Kant the proper method of metaphysics is genuinely synthetic, but the synthetic construction in question should have been prepared by a Critical and subsequent exhaustive analysis of key material-instrumental concepts of the peculiar philosophical science under question.

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Hélène Cixous’s Creaturely "Poethics"

Author(s): Marta Segarra / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

Drawing on Jacques Derrida’s and Sarah Kofman’s conception of writing, Anat Pick’s notion of the ‘creaturely’ and Kári Driscoll’s ‘zoopoetics’, this article discusses the relationship between textuality and animality in Hélène Cixous’s work. Cixous’s writing has been described as inscribing the body in the text, which may be considered an ethical engagement; her embodied poetics can thus be called a creaturely poethics. The analysis focuses mostly on Cixous’s latest texts: Les Sans Arche d’Adel Abdessemed (2018), Animal amour (2021) – which deal openly with animals – and her recent fictions on the Shoah, 1938, nuits (2019) and Ruines bien rangées (2020). In them, animality not only traverses human and non human animals, but also beings considered inanimate, such as Osnabrück’s synagogue. Particularly, Ruines bien rangées gives a voice – and, above all, a ‘cry’ – to all beings reduced to silence, and therefore to death, by the Nazis.

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Homofaunie: Non-human Tonalities of Listening in Derrida and Cixous

Author(s): Naomi Waltham-Smith / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

In L’animal que donc je suis Jacques Derrida suggests that the question of what would be proper to the animal should ‘change tune’. I read this extraordinary passage, in which Derrida calls for us to lend an ear to an ‘unheard-of music’ that neither emancipates the non-human nor condemns it to inarticulate noise, in conjunction with the nexus of animality, telephony and the cri de la littérature that unfolds in Hélène Cixous’s writing, exploring the significant role assumed by the sonorous in these descriptions of non-human life. For Cixous, the telephonic power of near-instantaneous substitution and of prostheticity is inseparable from the sounds produced by the coterie of animals that populate the writings of these two authors. What is intriguing is that this bestiary is almost always said with a certain homonymy or homophony. Hence this article traces what I dub an ‘homofaunie’ echoing Cixous’s series of puns and neologisms such as ‘(t)elefaun’ and ‘(t)elephantasy’ that capture Derrida’s attention. The article asks what is at stake for theorizing non-human life – not just animal but also plant and so-called inanimate life – if the mode of questioning is to be redirected by a specifically aural attunement in which listening itself is retuned under the guidance of untranslatable homophony.

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I Stink, Therefore I Mink: A Manifesto

Author(s): Marie-Dominique Garnier / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The recent mass culling of mink in Denmark and elsewhere, following the animals’ contamination by a COVID-19 variant, is taken as a re-entry point into Derrida and Lacan’s mink-mediated conversation in The Beast and the Sovereign. Out of the etymological ‘stink’ attached to the mink emerges an animot gifted with (unlimited) ink, with a potential to disturb philosophies of language, to write back or strike back, as it has recently done in the form of alignments of dead yet resurfacing animals. In the wake of Derrida’s verbal disseminations around the vison, and of Lacan’s attribution of a ‘sort of language’ to the animal in The Formations of the Unconscious, this essay follows an animal pack with includes the 17 million mink programmed for (double) extinction by inhumation and cremation. A hauntology follows, adumbrated by Lacan’s interest in the ‘secretion’ of fur, mink oil and (psychoanalytic) sense, and by Derrida’s encounter with the neoliberal, crypto-vison Alain Minc in 1994.

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Смисълът на музиката

Author(s): Georgi Fotev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2022

Music has a double meaning. The musical meaning is specific immanent and constitutive for the musical work, taken in itself as without subject. The meaning of music is a connection between a piece of music (musical meaning) and the extra-musical human lifeworld. The musical meaning and the meaning of music are inseparable. The great forms of European music are modal, tonal, atonal and aleatory music. The transition from one form to another is a transformation of the immanent musical meaning and the meaning of music. They are historically determined. The meaning of music is possible thanks to isomorphism in the universe.

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W poszukiwaniu perspektywy zoocentrycznej w kinie niefikcjonalnym. Przykład produkcji filmowej Stowarzyszenia Otwarte Klatki

Author(s): Patrycja Chuszcz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2022

Patrycja Chuszcz’s aim in this article is to analyze the film productions of the Open Cages Association, which works for so-called farm animal rights, and to inquire about the attempt to go beyond the anthropocentric perspective in the audiovisual materials created by this organization. She begins her considerations by outlining the tradition of non-fiction film about animals. She discusses the current search for the zoocentric perspective in cinema by documentary and visual artists. Next she analyzes the film productions of the Open Cages Association. She compares the organization’s films with the perspective resulting from interviews with its members and with the literaturę on the subject. The analysis shows that activists – despite contesting a certain sector of modern civilization (related to industrial livestock production) – rely on the broader and prevailing technological-cultural paradigm. This borrowing is manifested, among other things, in the use of an anthropocentric perspective and anthropomorphism in the films created by the Open Cages Association. However, activists adopt this attitude consciously, following the perspective of effective altruism.

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Głos ze świata. „Wersy o koniecznym oporze” Szczepana Kopyta

Author(s): Patryk Szaj / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (20)/2022

Patryk Szaj attempts to inscribe Szczepan Kopyt’s Wersy o koniecznym oporze [Verses about the Necessary Resistance] into the theoretical framework of the Capitalocene. The starting point is the reconstruction of the conditio of criticism in the Anthropocene. He opposes the beliefs expressed by some representatives of the Anthropocene discourse that criticism is ineffective in the face of the planetary challenges of this epoch. He argues that we criticism is till needed, as is also emphasized by the concept of the Capitalocene as an alternative to the Anthropocene. Next, Szaj moves on to a dialogue with Kopyt’s work. Using both the findings of critical theory and (new)materialistic concepts, Szaj points to Kopyt’s debt to both these traditions. He shows that Kopyt has managed to avoid the “speaking out of nowhere” that is associated with criticism. Kopyt speaks “from the world,” and his voice is that of a participant. This perspective, reconstructed in the article on the basis of Kopyt’s Wersy o koniecznym oporze, allows the poet to diagnose the anachronism of some Marxist heterodox practices (autonomism), as well as to note and creatively develop the positive and negative entanglements of human and inhuman actors in the era of Capitalocene.

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„Czytaj i zmieniaj świat” — studium przypadku dziecięcego aktywizmu społecznego

Author(s): Agnieszka Tyczka-Nowak,Patrycja Tyczka-Morzyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2022

Social activism is a way of acting whose aim is to bring about specific changes. The movement is increasingly popular among children, who have a growing understanding of largescale phenomena and are increasingly aware of their agency. The aim of this article is to conduct an overview of the phenomenon of children’s social activism and to analyse the activities undertaken by children activists in an educational-literary interdisciplinary project carried out by early school-age children. The project addresses the topic of literary education and implements new initiatives to increase reading and ecological knowledge.

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Vocabulary in autism spectrum disorders. Part 3: Qualitative description – the category of relations / Słownictwo w zaburzeniach należących do spektrum autyzmu. Część 3: Charakterystyka jakościowa – kategoria relacji

Author(s): Ewa Hrycyna / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 11/2022

The article is the third part of a study concerned with vocabulary in autism spectrum disorders. The subject of interest in this article is the category of relations and its lexical exponents. The author presents various types of linguistically expressed relations. She discusses how they are represented in the language of people with autism spectrum disorders and devotes a separate fragment to parts of speech. The acquisition of relational concepts and their lexical exponents is a significant development challenge; especially difficult for people with autism. In the category of relations the differences between the vocabularies of typically developing people and people with autistic disorders are the most pronounced. Other conclusions from the analysis carried out are in line with those in the second part of the study concerning the category of things and events.

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The Idea of Solidarity in the Concept of Man Created in God’s Image

Author(s): Marek Petro / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2022

Moral theology concerns the morality of society and acts of an individual or a group of individuals that constitute that particular society. Morality teaches us to properly respond to God’s calling, so that we can fulfil our ultimate goal. The Catechism of the Catholic Church, regarded as a compendium of the doctrines of the magisterium of the Church, can also serve as a valuable source for teaching moral theology. In the first section (“Man’s Vocation Life in the Spirit”) of the third part (“Life in Christ”) of the Catechism of the Catholic Church, we can learn that man has been created “in the image and likeness of the Creator” (chap. 1, art. 1), where solidarity plays a significant role. The present paper analyses this issue.

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The Concept of Subjectivity in the Light of Józef Tischner’s Thought

Author(s): Krzysztof Wielecki / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2022

Reverend Józef Tischner was undoubtedly one of the most outstanding Polish philosophers of the second half of the twentieth century. What we owe to this student of Roman Ingarden is the flourishing of phenomenology and the philosophy of dialog not only in our domestic philosophical, but also sociological, psychological, and anthropological thought. His philosophy of drama is an original and very important current, which is enriched not only by the “Queen of the Sciences” but also offers great support to the related sciences, particularly sociological sciences. Within them, subjectivity is an extremely important subject of contemplation. This article is a sketch of the analysis of the benefits that a sociologist, researcher of subjectivity, can derive from reading Józef Tischner’s works.

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Dignity of the Human Person

Author(s): Adrian Loretan-Saladin / Language(s): English Issue: 8/2022

The Vatican II fundamentally changed the ecclesiastical view towards the human person. Especially in Nostra aetate, Gaudium et spes, and Dignitatis humanae it strengthens the dignity of the human person and personal freedom as base for a world with equal rights for all mankind. Therefore, the council qualified discrimination of all kind as against God’s will. These statements have a huge impact on the necessary further development of theology and canon law.

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Narrar la ciudad: Neoliberalismo, consumismo, era digital y novelas de la crisis en la literatura española del siglo XXI

Author(s): Noelia S. García / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 22/2022

The 2008 crisis produced a readjustment of social relationships in Spain, which was mirrored by an alternative discourse in fiction which renews the canon and enhances the construction of a fictional reality that reflects society. The most contemporary narrators display a wide variety of discourses on the assimilation of the crisis. This article analyse three novels. Robert Juan-Cantavella’s El Dorado, which was published on the year the crisis began and shows the triumph of neoliberalism and consumerism in the holiday town in the years before the crisis. Alternatively, Elvira Navarro’s La trabajadora and Sara Mesa’s Cicatriz offer a realistic point of view of the impact of the crisis on urban structures and the job insecurity it caused.

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Koncepcja etyki naukowej i wizje postępu moralnego w ujęciu liderów polskiej myśli pozytywistycznej

Author(s): Włodzimierz Tyburski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 48/2022

The article presents one of the components of the intellectual legacy of Polish positivism, a philosophical position which proposed a new attitude towards ethical issues. Its representatives put forward the notion of scientific ethics, reducing moral philosophy to it. They strongly emphasized their critical attitude towards traditional ethics, for which there was no place in the positivist model of science, and proposed a distinction between theoretical and practical ethics. Their project was motivated by an ambition to make ethics into jurisprudence, a discipline whose accuracy would make it similar to other sciences. Their efforts were consistently motivated by the idea of making ethics into an empirical and applied science. This scientific ethics would fulfill the important task of forming a set of moral requirements, which, by referring to moral knowledge (“ethology”), would have a chance of influencing the conduct of individuals and society. The new ethics was expected to contribute to the change in social morality and thus greatly support moral progress, an issue which was hotly debated. All positivists subscribed to the idea of progress, including that of morality; however, some differences can be discerned in how they defined progress. Some defined it in realistic categories, while others focused on optimistic visions of the future. Among the first advocates of scientific ethics and of the idea of moral progress, differences notwithstanding, were Aleksander Świętochowski, Julian Ochorowicz, Feliks Bogacki, Władysław Kozłowski, and Bolesław Prus. The article gives an overview of some of their views.

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