We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Download

EDUCAȚIA - LEGĂTURA ÎNTRE LIBERTATE ȘI STATUL DE DREPT

Author(s): Bogdan Țonea / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The present study aims to bring some conceptual clarifications regarding the connection that exists between democracy, education and well-being, a connection that is not at all apparent, but which structures in the depths of society the way of life and well-being of a people. In today's society, freedom is not lacking, but free people are missing. People for whom freedom is assumed, understood and respected; represents the supreme social model. Democracy emphasizes more than the freedom, the spiritual and material standard of a people. Democracy radiographs are eloquent indicators of mental and material well-being. They reveal the level of civic culture and the quality of public service. Not every power resulting from the people means democracy, but only that which does not impose arbitrary laws, which presupposes a minimum of freedom of thought and opinion. By the rule of law we mean all the principles and procedures that guarantee the freedom of the individual and his participation in political life.In my opinion, the only realistic and sustainable way to maintain and promote a democratic political regime and a liberal economic regime, i.e. a liberal democracy, is the way to educate citizens and especially specialists from the state apparatus and universities in terms of understanding the mechanisms of operation of democracy as well as regarding the shortcomings and shortcomings of a democratic system.

More...

Download

MIHAI CARAMAN – SPION DE ELITĂ ÎN INTELLIGENCE-UL ROMÂNESC

Author(s): Rodica-Cristina BĂLAN Liseanu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The profile of a spy of calibre in the history of Romanian intelligence is the focus of a qualitative meta-analysis that proposes to focus attention on his professional performance recorded in successful operations. It is unfair to place his world-class work in the background and to highlight the ideas that he damaged NATO, that he was manipulated by the French intelligence services for the benefit of the Russians. The hypothesis is structured around the research question: is Mihai Caraman a victim of history or not? Suspicions are woven around the good French-Romanian relations during the De Gaulle regime, Caraman can boast a prodigious intelligence gathering activity. His indisputable merits build and maintain a leader of vocation, affirmed in the creation and coordination of the Network that bears his name.

More...

Download

Implicațiile lacunelor legislative asupra activitații de constatare a contraventiilor cu incidență asupra normelor de conviețuire socială și a ordinii și liniștii publice

Author(s): Ciprian Eugeniu CONSTANTIN,Denisa-Cristina Niță / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

We chose this subject because we believe it represents a head topic for public order activity, especially regarding law enforcement. In the content of the article, we decided to approach some of the similarities in the provisions of the Criminal Code, Law no. 61/1991, respectively Law no. 4/2008.Analyzing the normative framework from the perspective of law enforcement by public order bodies, certain existing challenges can be found during the execution of the missions in terms of the legal framing of the facts, respectively risks that fall on the erroneous application of a misdemeanor punishment for committing an act of a criminal nature. At the same time, it was analysed the managing of a specific case in the sports environment by the bodies empowered to apply sanctions or to ascertain the commission of the act (eg: the statements of former coach Oprița Daniel from the fall of 2022, in the context of confrontations between the gendarmes and CSA Steaua supporters which resulted in acts of violence).

More...

Download

CULEGEREA INFORMAȚIILOR DIN MEDIUL ONLINE ȘI ROLUL SĂU ÎN ASIGURAREA SECURITĂȚII

Author(s): Cătălina-Gabriela CUREA / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Nowadays, social media represents the place where all the activities of an individual take place (from opinions about an event, musical preferences, intentions, public debates to passions), he presents and transpose his life from the real world to the virtual one. At the same time, social media is a threat to security, being a method by which terrorist activities, riots, abuses are organized and coordinated. In order to understand the new security environment and to respond to the challenges, the intelligence services introduced the concept of Social Media Intelligence, through which they can understand and prevent events, can analyze the mood of the society and its preferences.

More...

Download

ORDINEA PUBLICĂ ȘI SIGURANȚA CETĂȚEANULUI

Author(s): Nicolae-Cătălin Dănilă / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

At the center of the concerns of the public authorities are public order and the safety of the citizen, as major benchmarks that condition the proper functioning of the competent state bodies. A particularly important place is occupied by ensuring and maintaining public order and public security, the administration of bodies whose attributions include the defense of the political regime, the interests of citizens, measures that contribute to the execution of laws and court decisions, good coexistence in society, as well as good functioning of state services. Moreover, public order is a state of law and fact that allows the achievement of the balance based on the social consensus necessary for the optimal functioning of the social whole under the conditions of internal legal regulations, consecrating the defense and respect for the fundamental rights and freedoms of citizens, public and private property, to the other supreme values, in order to promote and affirm social progress in a democratic society. Ensuring public order represents an essential requirement of internal stability that guarantees the provision of conditions corresponding to the establishment of a state governed by law. Of particular importance in the performance of the function of guaranteeing and ensuring public order, the security of the person and society is the coordination activity of the bodies meant to ensure public order.In other words, ensuring public order is a social necessity, carried out through specific activities of special bodies - public order forces, which represent authorities holding powers and attributions in matters of public order and which, by law and other normative acts, are confers tasks in the exercise of the state police right.

More...

Download

RAPORTURILE JURIDICE DE MUNCĂ ALE FUNCȚIONARILOR PUBLICI

Author(s): Andrei-Răzvan Iordache,Luca Imandi / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Through this paper, a brief analysis of the labor relationships of public officials was intended. Different political systems around the world have led to various employment relationships in the public service. While employees in some countries have the right to collectively bargain, regarding the legal employment relationship of public officials in Romania, they cannot negotiate the rights and obligations that make up the content of the employment relationship, nor can they modify them later, as the decision belongs to the public authority or institution where they work. Therefore, the modification of employment relationships is the result of the unilateral manifestation of will by the public institution, which has the right to withdraw or confer responsibilities. The article falls under the section "Personal Safety and Building Social Capital" since it addresses the obligation to understand the relationships that arise with the acquisition of the status of an employee in the public sector. These relationships come with obligations and rights that generate certain responsibilities for the public official. Therefore, public officials must have a clear understanding of their employment relationship to perform their duties correctly and uphold the principles of labor.

More...

Download

ROLUL POLIȚIEI FEROVIARE ÎN LUPTA ÎMPOTRIVA DEȚINERII ȘI CONSUMULUI DE DROGURI ÎN TRENURILE DE CĂLĂTORI

Author(s): Lucian GRĂJDEANU,Ciprian Eugeniu CONSTANTIN / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

In general, rail transport is regarded as one of the safest modes of transport, especially when compared to road transport – a fact demonstrated by the reduced number of accidents and resulting casualties in the rail system. However, in recent years, new challenges have arisen for the Rail Transport Police in terms of passenger safety and protection, as many cases of drug possession and use have begun to emerge, particularly among young people who use means of rail transport during the summer season or at various concerts (UNTOLD, Electric Castle, etc.) or in the case of supporters of football teams traveling by train. This article draws attention to such a phenomenon, as well as the need to adapt police prevention and combat measures accordingly (increasing visibility in the field, use of dogs specialized in drug detection on platforms, strengthening intra- and inter-institutional cooperation).

More...

Download

DEPENDENŢA DE JOCURI DE NOROC ŞI PREDISPOZIŢIA INFRACŢIONALĂ

Author(s): Mihai-Ionuț Răduță,Cătălin-Cristian Marin / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The study approach and deals with gambling addiction and the correlative criminal predisposition, from the perspective of the practitioner - specialized state authority for the enforcement of the criminal law. In this context, the aspects highlighted in the study will be passed through the filter of the criminal law, but the criminological sphere specific to this type of subjects will not be left unapproached, with all the social implications arising from manic behavior.The study will be structured in four chapters (and subsections where appropriate), as follows: I. Introductory aspects; II. Social aspects; 2.1 The behavior of the subject in the family environment, 2.2 The behavior of the subject at work; III. Criminal and criminological aspects; 3.1 The appearance of the criminal thought; 3.2. Types of crimes committed depending on the subject's field of activity; 3.3 Aspects of judicial practice; IV. Conclusions and proposals; Bibliography. The study as a whole is addressed to both theoreticians and practitioners, being able to become a pillar of reference in the matter of combating the crimes committed by this segment of subjects and, why not, in the matter of preventing niche criminality.

More...

Download

Procedura de efectuare a testelor de refulare prin tehnica literelor (TZO) pentru analiza distribuției apei

Author(s): Alexandru-Florin Chiojdoiu,Ion Anghel / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

In order to streamline the extinguishing of fires that occur in enclosed spaces, it is necessary to know how the water is distributed at the level of the floor of a room, by using different water discharge techniques. The „T”, „Z” and „O” letters technique is one of the methods of water discharge used to extinguish fires that occur inside rooms. For a thorough knowledge on how the water is distributed inside the room, a procedure was developed to perform tests by discharging the water in the form of the „T”, „Z” and „O” letters which were especially constructed for this purpose. There were also constructed sheet metal boxes used for the accumulation of discharged water. The usefulness of this procedure has been verified by performing three tests to discharge the same volume of water using the „T”, „Z” and „O” letters technique, resulting in the following data: the largest volume of water was recorded in the immediate vicinity of the wall located perpendicularly to the direction of propagation of the water stream (in the first two rows of boxes), respectively in the corners of the test room, arranged at the level of this wall; using the „Z” letter technique, the smallest water loss was recorded; using the „O” letter technique, the water was discharged in the shortest time, being distributed more evenly than by using the „T” and „Z” letters technique.

More...

Download

Reducerea vulnerabilității comunităților urbane în fața dezastrelor

Author(s): Ionel-Alin Mocioi / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Nowadays, worldwide, there is a major increase in losses caused by natural disasters, in a situation where the frequency of occurrence of destructive natural phenomena is relatively constant. It can be said that we are still powerless in the face of natural disasters and that we have to learn to live permanently and consciously with the risk of producing such destructive phenomena. Reducing the vulnerability of urban communities to disasters is a complex process and requires an integrated approach involving prevention, preparedness and emergency response measures. This is also a major concern in disaster risk management. Urban communities are exposed to a range of disaster risks, such as earthquakes, floods, fires, storms and heat waves, and these can have serious consequences for people's lives, the environment and Property.There are a number of measures that can be taken to reduce the vulnerability of urban communities to disasters, as follows:• Identification and assessment of risks specific to the community• Sustainable urban planning• Making investments in infrastructure• Early warning systems• Educating and informing the community• Development and implementation of evacuation plans• Development of a communication network• Preparing the population to respond in case of emergencyBy taking such measures, urban communities can become more resilient to disasters and better prepared to deal with emergencies.The negative effects generated by disasters should rather be seen as an opportunity for the initiation of regional sustainable development programs. Rather, disasters should be seen as an opportunity to implement profound social and economic change.

More...

Download

QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF A PROJECT FOR AN IG 541 GAS EXTINGUISHING INSTALLATION

Author(s): Cătălin Opriță / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the hydraulic calculation of an IG 541 extinguishing system, we can distinguish the evolution of several physical quantities, within the dimensionally configured installation, such as pressure, flow rate, temperature. In a non-compliant hydraulic calculation, we can identify several errors. These calculation errors, but also the use of non-compliant materials, because of wrong calculations, can lead to critical situations. Considering that the IG 541 inert gas extinguishing installations are intended for the protection of vitally vulnerable spaces, such as mobile telecommunications centers, control units, banking centers, museums, archives and many such spaces, the requirements must be considered regarding the continuity of the activity, and the calculation errors must be zero.

More...

Download

ROLUL INSTALAȚIEI DE STINGERE AUTOMATĂ A INCENDIILOR PENTRU SECURITATEA DEPOZITELOR

Author(s): Emanuil-Petru Ovadiuc,Manuel Șerban / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The article describes a simulation of a fire in a plastic and polypropylene storage warehouse using Pyrosim software. The warehouse has a 40 cm thick concrete floor and is 34.02 m long, 23.73 m wide, and 8.38 m high. Temperature distribution during the fire was monitored using vertical and horizontal temperature plans. The highest temperature of 1020°C was recorded in the vertical plan passing through the fire, and at a height of 1.7 meters, the temperature reached 120°C, making it difficult for firefighters to enter the storage area. Finally, the article highlights the importance of an automatic sprinkler extinguishing system to prevent explosions and rapid fire spread throughout the warehouse.

More...

Download

Estimarea concentrației radionuclizilor în aer, pe baza ratei de eliberare a radionuclizilor în atmosferă în cazul unui incendiu

Author(s): Irinel Alexandru Precup,Liviu Valentin Bălănescu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

In the event of a fire involving radioactive materials, the burning of these materials can lead to the release of radioactive gases, which can spread into the atmosphere and be inhaled by humans, posing risks to their health. The purpose of detecting radionuclides is to identify their presence in various media, such as water, air or soil, in order to evaluate their impact on human health and the environment, and to ensure a safe working and living environment for people. Radionuclide detection can also be used to assess the effectiveness of radiation protection and control measures. A specially designed computer system for calculating the release rate of radionuclides can ensure that radionuclide emissions are maintained at acceptable levels, and that any incidents or accidental releases are detected and reported in a timely manner, ensuring a high level of safety and protection for people and the environment. Keywords: radionuclides, release rate, dispersion, half-life, fire.

More...

Download

UTILIZAREA PROGRAMULUI ALOHA ÎN GESTIONAREA RISCULUI CHIMIC

Author(s): Irinel-Ionuț Găman,Emanuil-Petru Ovadiuc,Manuel Șerban / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The paper presents the ALOHA software ( Area Locations of Hazardous Atmospheres ), which is part of the CAMEO software developed by OEM ( Office of Emergency Management ) and Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) -SUA. This software allows the simulation of various scenarios and events, such as the dispersion of clouds of toxic chemicals that escape from tanks, pipes, liquid tank fires and BLEVE explosions. The evolution of the scenario can be translated into graph and can be viewed with Marplot and Google Earth programs, which locate the affected area.

More...

Download

Comportarea termică a unor materiale de construcții

Author(s): Ioana-Emilia Șofran,Dana-Maria Preda,Ion Anghel / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Researcher have used the microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC) in order to test thermal properties of common materials used in construction [such as the cardboard found in the componence of the plasterboard (PBD), expanded polystyrene (EPS) used for seiling decorations, wallpaper made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and wood particleboard (PB)] having masses between 3 and 20 milligrams. All four commercial materials have a long history in construction field with over 100 years of being used for design or insulation and they have different fire behaviours performances. The analysis were conducted under controled conditions which suppose a gradual increase of the temperature in the pyrolyzer with a heating speed equal to 1,5 ⁰C/s up to 750 ⁰C in a nitrogen atmosphere at an 80 cm3/min flow and a constant temperature value in the combustion chamber equal to 900 ⁰C in a nitrogen (80 %) and oxygen (20 %) atmosphere at a 20 cm3/min flow.

More...

Download

Optimizarea intervențiilor de descarcerare și prim-ajutor calificat în situații de urgență

Author(s): Aurel Trofin,Manuel Șerban,Ionel-Alin Mocioi / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The general principles and rules for extrication interventions and providing emergency first aid, regarding: appropriate equipment, securing the intervention site, identifying dangers and adopting extrication procedures, must be considered for any type of intervention, because the success of an intervention it is provided with competent personnel, having an appropriate endowment and following well-defined rules.In the protocols for the provision of emergency first aid, some dysfunctions were identified that must be evaluated through scientific methods of analysis, in order to identify the optimal solutions, so that appropriate operational solutions specific to the mission and the maneuvers performed are adopted.Organization and development of workshops to whom will by attended experienced specialists from the General Inspectorate for Emergency Situations, will ensure the creation of a bonds between the theoretical problems specific to the topics covered and the real problems faced by specialists for emergency situations in the interventions to which they are requested, and the final result will consist in the identification of reliable solutions for solving the currently existing dysfunctions, respecting the specific intervention procedures and the legislation in force.Identifying the dysfunctions faced by professionals for emergency situations at the specific interventions, establishing optimal measures and tasks based on legislation, procedures and protocols and even results from scientific and experimental research, disseminating them within operative structures, but also at the level of institutions of initial and continuous training, constitutes a real professional success, so that the success of the interventions is guaranteed, and the civil society benefits from full support from the emergency services.

More...

Download

Analiza unor cauze atipice privind producerea incendiilor la ambulanțe

Author(s): Marian Truță / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

The paper analyses the main factors that cause fires in vehicles. The paper also aims to present two particular cases in which fires in ambulances had unusual causes. The analysis of common causes of vehicle fires and unusual causes will highlight a number of relevant conclusions regarding the circumstances of vehicle fires and a number of measures to be taken to reduce the risk of vehicle fires.

More...

Download

Azerbaijan-Armenia Relations in Historical Context: Periods and Dynamics

Author(s): Farahila Babayeva-Shukurova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Soviet Union is one of the old political forces that coerced or voluntarily held together ethnic or religious origins. It is a power that has left a very deep history in its past. The bipolar system in the world came to an end after the Cold War. After this situation, ethnic conflicts increased and spread to the Soviet Union in the 1980s and caused great repercussions in the world (Aslanlı, 2013). Conflicts occurring in the world have been a threat to security. These conflicts resulted in disintegration and in the early 1990s, the USSR was replaced by 15 new independent republics at the end of 1991 (İbadov, 2007).

More...

Download

Avrupa Birliği-Türkiye İlişkilerinde İş Birliği ve Çatışma Alanı Olarak Suriyeli Sığınmacılar Meselesi

Author(s): İrem ALGEDİK,Pelin Aliyev / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

1945’te yerle bir olan Avrupa’nın tekrar toparlanması ve ayağa kalkmasında kömür ve çeliği kilit unsurlar olarak gören anlayışın güçlü savunucularından biri olan Fransız Dışişleri Bakanı Robert Schuman’ın öncülüğünde hazırlanan Schuman Planı kapsamında Almanya, Fransa, İtalya, Belçika, Hollanda ve Lüksemburg’un katılımı ile 1952 yılında AKÇT (Avrupa Kömür ve Çelik Topluluğu) kurulmuştu (Goldstein ve Pevehouse, 2017: 460-461). Bugünkü AB (Avrupa Birliği) ise AKÇT’nin kurulmasıyla yarım asırdan fazla bir süre önce başlayan bir sürecin sonucu olarak görülmektedir (Pinder ve Usherwood, 2018: 1).

More...

Download

Definitions explained

Author(s): Leonie Haiden,Jente Althuis / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In 2019 the Terminology Working Group of the NATO Strategic Communications Centre of Excellence defined strategic communications as follows: strategic communications, n.: a holistic approach to communication based on values and interests that encompasses everything an actor does to achieve objectives in a contested environment. As of 2022, strategic communications is conceived as a normative project, and as such its theorists and practitioners recognise certain principles that underpin their activities: #1 StratCom affirms the right of the individual to choose between competing ideas or reject them. #2 StratCom affirms a need for transparency and the right of individuals to hold those who practise StratCom to be held to account. #3 StratCom affirms the right of the individual to free speech.

More...