Role of rhetoric in the development of speech skills

Author(s): Ruzica Petrovic / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2010

The paper discusses the importance of rhetorical skills and their role in training students for successful verbal communication. Introduction to the theory of rhetoric, the analysis of selected texts speaking examples, recognition of rhetorical elements of speech and their use, are placed in the function of developing speaking skills of students and improve their oral expression. The methodology of teaching rhetoric includes practical exercises public appearances based on the application of techniques and principles of oration in order to enable the development of eloquence students.

Gde sada? Ko sada? Kada sada?

Author(s): Dejan Ilić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 63.9/2001

Pišući o postupcima koje autor može da upotrebi u nastojanju da svoj izmišljeni, prozni svet nametne čitaocima, odnosno da na neki način primora čitaoce da u taj svet poveruju, Vejn But u svojoj Retorici proze posebno pažljivo analizira roman Tristram Sendi Lorensa Sterna. Odbacujući primedbe pojedinih kritičara prema kojima Sternov roman jeste fragmentaran, nedovršen, vremenski ispreturan i isprekidan niz narativnih jedinica te mu otuda nedostaju jedinstvo i celovitost i ne može se drugačije opisati do kao “‘luda’, ‘puko čudačka’, ‘papazjanija svaštica’” (But, 1976: 245), But tvrdi da pažljivo oblikovan “glas”, odnosno lik pripovedača u Sternovom romanu stvara čvrstu osnovu na kojoj onda počiva i integritet fikcionalnog sveta Tristrama Sendija. […]

Filosofie şi Muzică? Articulări Ale Unei Posibile (Ne)întâlniri

Author(s): Cristian Ciceu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 5/2020

In the following essay we will try to understand if there is a possible relationship between music and philosophy that goes beyond the simple philosophical study of the musical phenomenon, because in respect to music it seems that philosophy is a little bit tone deaf even when it tries to understand it thouroughly. We would like to show that music as practice is a kind of applied ethos; it is „ethics” without actually being that and it stands for a different kind of relationship with the world and the other. Conversly, the essence of philosophy resides in its existential practice, as a form of critical knowledge of the self, the other and the world, a line that connects through history Socrates and Foucault. For us the specificity of this particular musical ethos is perfectly illustrated by the group improvisation, in jazz or other musical idioms. And if the philospher’s ultimate goal is the expression of truth in life, then the improviser strives for the truth of the musical expression.

The Question of Seeking Sadness: Expressiveness and Emotional Effect in Music

Author(s): Ecaterina Forji / Language(s): English Issue: 5/2020

The paper aims to broadly touch on the topic of emotion in music, with a focus on the age-old question of why humans continuously seek out, listen and enjoy an aesthetic experience that, at first sight, brings nothing but emotional pain. In other words, why do we listen to sad music? In the first part of the paper I discuss a few topics regarding what it means for music to express emotion. I introduce the Expression theory and touch on how music and the emotions it expresses translates back to us, the listeners, as well as what the origins of this theory are. Next, using the framework from authors such and J. Levinson and P. Kivy, I draw a distinction between “life-sadness” and “music sadness”, and question whether the emotions aroused by the musical experience are of the same nature as the ones we experience in our lives. Lastly, I mention a few possible explanations for our overarching question: is it the beauty of the musical experience, the cathartic properties, the lack of real-life consequences, or perhaps something more?

Структурно-композиційні та фазові особливості діалогічної взаємодії в британських, німецьких та українських парламентських дебатах: зіставний аспект

Author(s): Olexiy Borysov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 09/2020

The article, which is an investigation part of the grant program Erasmus+, Jean Monnet Project "European Antitotalitarian Practices" (№ 599704-EPP-1-2018-1-UA-EPPJMO-MODULE), is devoted to the research of dialogical interaction of speakers in the parliaments of Great Britain, Germany and Ukraine held in the format of political debates. In this comparative study, the phases of parliamentary debates unfolding, their functional purposes, and the features of verbal outlining of this social interaction were established, and both isomorphic and allomorphic features were found out. The parliamentary debates are a kind of political argument between political subjects in the ethnic parliament who persuade each other in the rightfulness of their position while passing a law. The main purpose of it, however, is to influence a mass addressee, the potential electorate, via mass media. This communicative event in the format of ethnic parliamentary debates is analyzed with the help of frame analysis, the method of cognitive linguistics. Such a choice is stipulated by two facts. Firstly, it is determined by modern linguistic demands as for the language and speech facts investigation. And, secondly, frames as cognitive structures that keep information about various events, the ways of its successful implementation in familiar situations while working out a necessary strategic-and-tactic line of communicative behavior, turn out to be a rather effective instrument of political communication analysis. It has been established that the debates in the countries mentioned above possess a common structuralcompositional construction, similar phases of dialogical interaction fixed in such slots as THE BEGINNING OF THE DIALOGUE, THE PROGRESS OF THE DIALOGUE, and THE END OF THE DIALOGUE of the frame scenario THE PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES. Each phase and its constituents are regulated and have specific tasks as the parts of the only aim – an approval of law projects and influence on the mass audience. The differences of the debates unfolding are predetermined by their content, the traditions, and rules of their realization as well as by the norms of communicative behavior of representatives of these ethnic communities.

РУСКАТА ПОТРАГА ПО БОЖЈАТА МУДРОСТ

Author(s): Kiril Trajchev / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 09/2020

The paper is a review of one of the most important philosophical studies in the history of Macedonian philosophy in general. The author of the three-volume philosophical work titled "Russian-Religious Philosophy", that is the subject of attention in this paper, is the prominent Macedonian professor, philosopher, writer and publicist Trajche Stojanov. In the first volume of this book, the author focuses on the contexts in which The Russian religious philosophy was born as well as some resulted phenomena associated with it. The second volume gives us a systematic review of the history of Russian religious-philosophical thought from its beginnings up to now ..The last volume is devoted to the central problems in The Russian religious philosophy and it is the key, as well as the most imperative and most complex problem and presents a synthesis of all previously stated. Russian religious-philosophical thought is specific, unique, dynamic, discreetly mystical and controversial, and therefore requires thorough and serious study and elaboration.Through a meticulous, recent approach and a high standard of scientific methodology, the author of this book offers us all relevant indicators, facts, positions and implications related to the Russian religious philosophy. By analyzing all that is significant in the Russian philosophy this work emphasizes the great importance of the Book of Trajche Stojanov.

Klasik Arap Edebiyatında Övülen ve Yerilen Hasletler

Author(s): Murat Ataman,Adnan Arslan / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 2/2020

Moral virtues and virtues which are the basis or the foundation of the social structure of societies are often conveyed by literary works, not by legal texts. Because literature who are the national capitals of societies put their moral accumulation of reversal into an attractive literary mold with the arts of speech. To unite in the period of Jahiliyya, Arabs dealt with poetry recording the behaviors they found good in their social relations. Family communication, from the attitude to behave in the presence of a powerful tribal leader has been inspired by many etiquette in poetry, and such poems have become the guide to Arab social life. There are interesting exemplary stories about social virtues not only in poetry but also in prose works. The wealth that the Muslim Arabs had just met, and the urbanization that came with it, resulted in the strengthening of sociality and, as a result of this, social virtues gaining more importance. This is particularly the point brought together by the Abbasid literate to draw attention to in the context of these social virtues. The study aims at classifying the literary material from the classical period to the present day - to speak to the article - into important topics.

Oracle of Doom or Oracle of Salvation? A New Interpretation of Animal Metaphors in Isa 31:4-5 in the Light of Rhetorical Analysis

Author(s): Bartłomiej Sobierajski / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

This article seeks to clarify the meaning of animal metaphors contained in Isa 31:4-5. Difficulties in interpreting these metaphors are associated with the Hebrew syntax as well as the proper reading of the symbolism of the characters and animals found within these verses. These issues also raise the question of the message of the whole prophecy: is it an oracle of doom or of salvation? The article provides an overview of previous attempts to explicate the metaphors and proposes a new interpretation of them. It turns out that Isaiah consciously and intentionally uses some ambiguous images and formulas in order to make a specific impression on the addresser. Such literary devices are characteristic of his statements from the last period of his activity (705–701 BC). The new interpretation of animal metaphors presented in this study also results from the structure of the oracle, which has emerged through the use of Hebrew rhetoric methods.

Las destrezas discursivas de las construcciones condicionales en el Libro de los exenplos por A.B.C.: el dístico rimado

Author(s): Emilio Montero Cartelle / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 19/2020

The drift of syntax towards new approaches and manners of analysing is both the reflection and the consequence of the evolution of linguistics generally and, more specifically, of text linguistics. After years focused on the system, its components and their relations, linguistics has opened up to its realisation and to the construction of discourse. Texts, on the other hand, are no longer seen as mere providers of data or as isolated objects. They have become the result of a communication act and refer to classes, templates, or schemas which conventionalise the manner in which content and the choice of resources are used and organized. The use of these premises to approach conditionality, that is, to any expression that denotes such value, seeks to look at its informative operativity and to commit its contribution to thematic progression (coherence) and to the connection of its components (cohesion). It is actually a demand imposed by the particularities of the Libro de los exenplos por A.B.C., whose didactic nature presides over and mediates everything, from its purpose to its discursive configuration, to the units that make it up, the selection of the linguistic techniques it actualises and the interlocutors it is addressed to. The study of the rhyming couplet confirms these aspects. It uses conditional structures other than those documented in the conclusions and in the body of the exemplo and, when this is not the case, it uses them with very different functions.

Mariaż ezoteryki z nauką na łamach Wiedzy Duchowej i Lotosu

Author(s): Paweł Sarna / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1 (245)/2021

The aim of the article is to analyze the ways of building credibility of the author in the articles published in two monthly magazines Spiritual Knowledge (Wiedza Duchowa) and Lotus (Lotos) in pre-war Poland. The magazines were in line with the trends of the time of the interwar period, combining esoteric themes with the latest scientific discoveries. Authors of the articles published in these periodicals skillfully referred to various types of authority -both scientific knowledge and other sources, including personal sources. The analysis of the research material was conducted from the perspective of strategic places in the press text, which made it possible to describe the ways of presenting various topics, the functions of the titles of the articles and the most common rhetorical means used for persuading readers.

ФУНКЦИИ ЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ЧАСТИЦ В КРЕОЛИЗОВАННОМ ТЕКСТЕ (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ СОВРЕМЕННОЙ КАРИКАТУРЫ)

Author(s): Maria Vladimirovna Opolovnikova,Inna Vladimirovna Kokurina / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2021

The article deals with the specifics of the functioning of focus particles in creolized texts. The increasing role of visual information has led to the emergence of a large number of polycode texts, which are addressed by many interdisciplinary studies. The researchers mainly focus on lexical, rhetorical, and stylistic means, while functional parts of speech, in particular particles, are not studied enough, which determines the relevance of this article. As a hypothesis, it was assumed that the specificity of a caricature as a polycode text entails the specifics of the studied words functioning. As a result of the study, it was found that the specific functional features of focus particles are determined by critical goals pursued by caricatures, on the one hand, and by the presence of a visual component, on the other hand. It is noted that the polycode character of the caricature text affects the type and representation of ideas related by particles. Moreover, these ideas can be presented explicitly (verbally and/or visually) or implicitly. A new – synthesizing – function of focus particles is described, when the particles ensure connection between verbal and visual elements in a semiotically complicated text. In this case, the visual component can complement, clarify or contradict the verbal one, revealing additional meanings. It is established that particles are able to bring meaning and relevance to the information conveyed by iconic means, contributing to the achievement of a certain pragmatic effect, determined by the purpose of caricatures to give critical assessment of various factors of current socio-political life.

80 Jahre danach – Wege zu einer gemeinsamen deutsch-polnischen Erinnerungskultur?

Author(s): Waldemar Czachur,Heinz-Helmut Lüger / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2021

The article analyses two speeches commemorating the 80th anniversary of the outbreak of the Second World War, delivered by the German President Frank Walter Steinmeier and the Polish President Andrzej Duda. The authors examine the two texts and ask what aspects of World War II the politicians evoke in their speeches, what images of the Self and the Other are created and what goals are pursued. In the beginning, the article outlines the different meanings of World War II in Polish and German collective memory, and then it proceeds to briefly characterize the commemorative speech as a type of speech. A special emphasis is placed on the analysis of the perspectives underlying the speeches, including the theses presented, as well as on the comparison of the most important differences.

Unutarnji poslovi književnih figura

Author(s): Sunčana Tuksar / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2021

Uloga književnih figura je da svojim strateškim položajem i diskurzivnim taktikama unutar filmskog konteksta konstruiraju koncepte šireg društvenog značaja. Film počiva na pretpostavkama retoričkih regulacija pa je čitanje filma neizostavno pragmatično svojstvo pri utvrđivanju oblikovanja i učinaka koje pri tom ima na publiku. Stoga u odnosu fikcionalnih uloga jasno dovodim u vezu odnos fikcije i fakcije, uz neizbježnu referencijalnu ulogu figura na relaciji filmski lik — gledatelj. Figure zauzimaju svoje tipične pozicije te njima pokreću skrivenu komunikaciju s gledateljem. [...]

СТИЛИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ КРЕТИКО-ТРОХЕИЧЕСКОЙ И ДИТРОХЕИЧЕСКОЙ КЛАУЗУЛ В РЕЧАХ ЦИЦЕРОНА «ПРОТИВ КАТИЛИНЫ»

Author(s): Anna Yurievna Koshevskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 7/2021

This article deals with the usage of clausulae (a rhythmic figure adding finality to colons and periods) as a stylistic means in Cicero’s prose. The attention is paid to the two most frequent rhythmic structures in the Catilinarian Orations, which encompass more than half of all the clausulae in the set of speeches. The article contains a brief description of the new methodology for describing the prose rhythm, developed by the author of the article and described in more detail in other works. The main part of the article presents a detailed study of of the cretic-trochaic [- ᴗ - - x] andditrochaic [- ᴗ - x] clausulae as means of pericope or text segmentation, the specific use of series of the same clausulae,and their possible connection to the stylistic figures from other language levels, such as alliteration or homeoteleuton.

Małgorzata Ciszewska, Tuliusz domowy. Świeckie oratorstwo szlacheckie kręgu rodzinnego (XVII–XVIII wiek)

Author(s): Piotr Borek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2020

Review of. Piotr Borek - Małgorzata Ciszewska - Małgorzata Ciszewska, Tuliusz domowy. Świeckie oratorstwo szlacheckie kręgu rodzinnego (XVII–XVIII wiek), Warszawa 2016, Wydawnictwo Instytutu Badań Literackich PAN, ss. 579, [3]

Méprisé, mais pas méprisable – échec de la rhétorique de dissuasion dans Demain matin, Montréal m’attend de Michel Tremblay

Author(s): Sebastian Zacharow / Language(s): French Issue: 4/2020

In Demain matin, Montréal m’attend, a comedy by Michel Tremblay written in the era of a Quiet Revolution, contempt takes on an argumentative value. Lola Lee, a singer and artist in La Main – an artistic neighborhood in Montreal. Lola’s younger sister – Louise – is jealous of the popularity gained by her older sibling. Lola Lee, in the attempt to discourage Louise from the idea of following in her footsteps travels with her through the most infamous artistic venues. During this trip Louise meets artists with questionable morals. The aim of the article is firstly to show how this journey, instead of generating contempt, becomes the core of searching for your own artistic identity. Secondly, the article explains how Tremblay’s art, using metaphors in the style of Almodóvar, represent the national dramaturgy of Quebec, in which the hero, which is an allegory of the whole society, undergoes an evolution that allows him to appreciate his own identity instead of despising it.

A Review of Antoine Traisnel, "Capture: American Pursuits and the Making of the New Animal Condition." Minneapolis, MN and London: University of Minnesota Press, 2020, 358 pages, ISBN 978-1-5179-0964-2 (pb), hardcover 108 $, paperback 27 $

Author(s): Michael Fuchs / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2021

The epistemic status of the principles of justice in Habermas and Rawls

Author(s): Gunnar Skirbekk / Language(s): English Issue: 38/2021

The debate between Habermas and Rawls that took place in 1990s concerned how philosophy can justify the principles of justice under the conditions of pluralism of different and irreconcilable moral, philosophical, and religious doctrines. The context of the debate was mainly Rawls’ "Political Liberalism" and Habermas’ "Between Facts and Norms" as well. This paper argues that a wider geo-cultural perspective is pertinent in order to better comprehend the different justification strategies in Habermas and Rawls, concerning the principle of justice. This goes for their different geo-cultural experiences and presuppositions – in short, Rawls living in a self-confident North America in the post-war period versus Habermas’ German experience of civilization breakdown. However, it might also be relevant for the assessment of these two strategies in our time, faced with new kinds of geo-political differences and conflicts.

We Experienced Hype: The Truth will set Machiavelli free

Author(s): Hanan Hadžajlić / Language(s): English Issue: 7/2021

We experienced hype. We have experienced mantra on a global level: types and new subtypes of virus with all its logos; form of crisis and new forms of crises; one form of infection, one form of death, one form of cure, one type of solution with all its subtypes. “Corona”, “Coronavirus”, “Covid-19”, “new wave”, “crisis”, “global crisis”, “economic crisis”, “infected”, “dead”, “cured”, “vaccine(s)”.

Retorička moć uvjeravanja u Ciceronovom govoru Pro Milone (Za Milona)

Author(s): Seada Brkan / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 5/2021

Rhetoric in Ancient Rome was a very specific type of discourse construction used to shape, present, and interpret specific works of individuals and then present them to critics. Depending on the perspective of the orator, defense counsel, or plaintiff, discourse strategies were aimed at legitimizing or delegitimizing a specific act. Words and wise acts of a skillful orator, which Cicero was renowned for, were often as powerful as weapons;they not only uncovered the intentions and objectives of participants in a given situation,but they reflected the social and political image of Rome, including the context of the event. The paper presents one of the possible methods of analyzing Cicero’s speeches made for the defense of Milo, a notable Roman charged for the murder of aristocrat Clodius Pulcher. It is based on the discourse-historical approach of R. Wodak and M.Reisigl. It is a qualitative analysis focused on the linguistic construction of the defense of the defendant at a trial. The analysis will show the discourse constructions produced under the influence of a set of specific social factors, in this case, the political environment in Rome, the ideological affiliation of speakers, and the main discussion participants –Milo and Pulcher, their political roles, and the degree of formality. The paper’s theoretical framework is a critical analysis of the discourse.