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The Dynamics of Appellations in《陆犯焉识》 (Prisoner Lu Yanshi)

Author(s): Zhu Weihong / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2018

This study is an attempt at combining James Phelan’s rhetorical approach to narrative, particularly his theory of narrative progression, and Nie Zhenzhao’s theory of the Sphinx factor. It takes as its subject of study the appellations of the protagonist in 《陆犯焉识》(Prisoner Lu Yanshi, 2011) by Yan Geling, a major overseas Chinese female writer. It delineates how the narrative progression of the novel is governed by the dynamics of Lu Yanshi’s varied appellations which are bound with varied ethical identities and ethical duties. It argues that the varied appellations serve as the instabilities of the narrative. At the story level, the protagonist transforms from a proud saint to a humble human being, as a result of the discovery of his animal factor which comes to the surface under extreme circumstances.

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Warchał, K. (2015) Certainty and Doubt in Academic Discourse: Epistemic Modality Markers

Author(s): Olga Dontcheva-Navratilova / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Review of: Warchał, K. (2015) Certainty and Doubt in Academic Discourse: Epistemic Modality Markers. Katowice: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego. 311 pp.

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THE TRANSPARENCY TROPE: DECONSTRUCTING ENGLISH ACADEMIC DISCOURSE

Author(s): Karen Bennett / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2015

English Academic Discourse has always presented itself as a neutral vehicle of objective fact. Through the use of clearly defi ned terms and straightforward syntax, and the studied avoidance of forms of overt manipulation of the reader, it claims to offer a transparent window onto some pre-existing external reality. Today, however, most linguists agree that objectivity is a linguistic construct, achieved by the systematic use of grammatical forms such as nominalizations and the passive voice which mask human agency. Similarly, it is now generally understood that even the most positivistic science texts contain a certain amount of rhetorical manoeuvring designed to convince the reader of the truth value and utility of the claims made. This paper draws upon a range of linguistic, historical and philosophical sources to question this discourse’s status as the hegemonic vehicle of knowledge in the modern world.

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Риторический стиль Авраамия Палицына - символизация грамматических категорий

Author(s): Maria B. Pliuchanova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/1987

Для многих русских прозаических сочинений XVII в. нерегулярная рифмовка составляет одну из важных особенностей. Витийственность слога рождала рифму. К витийству же XVII в. имел особую склонность. Обстоятельства времени принуждали писателей к полемике и проповедничеству. И летописцы Смуты, и старообрядческие идеологи, и барочные сочинители не чуждались риторики.

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Diplomatijos ir filosofijos sankirtos: Atėnai, Roma

Author(s): Tatjana Aleknienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 97/2020

The political context of Greek philosophy and its political themes are the subject of numerous studies, but the relation between diplomacy and philosophy, to the best of my knowledge, has not yet been studied. In this article I examine two episodes of diplomatic missions that have left a clear mark on the history of philosophy and I try to show that the link between the history of diplomacy and the history of philosophy is neither accidental nor superficial.

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Means of Creating the Media Image of a Candidate to the Post of Mayor through Contextual Argumentation (on the materials of the texts about the 2018–2019 elections in Moscow, Vilnius and Belgrade)

Author(s): Viktorija Makarova,Aleksey Shulus / Language(s): English Issue: 37(42)/2020

In political cultures of a number of countries, the creation of a politician’s media image is based on the fundamental principle of his/her work being formulated as the achievement of the goal of ensuring a nation’s well-being and a country’s development. The present article demonstrates concrete similarities and differences discernible in the construction of a politician’s media image in the Russian, Lithuanian and Serbian media discourses from a rhetorical perspective. The methodological basis of the investigation is provided by the ideas of the new rhetoric and Ch. Perelman and L. Olbrechts-Tyteca’s assumption concerning the fact that the speaker’s ideas are accepted (or not accepted) by the audience not depending on the degree of the strictness of logical propositions and conclusions, but rather on the fact of whether the hearers have adhered to the grounds given by the speaker. Consequently, a researcher analysing the ways text influences the consciousness of those receiving it may identify shared truths and value judgements. On the basis of the analysis of contextual argumentation used for the creation of the media image of the candidates for the post of mayor in the three media discourses, an attempt to establish shared truths and values as well as certain regularities in the process of media image creation characteristic of the Russian, Lithuanian and Serbian media discourses has been made.

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LIETUVIŠKOS SOCIALINĖS REKLAMOS RETORIKA: ĮTIKINIMO BŪDAI

Author(s): Skirmantė Biržietienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 22(27)/2012

The article deals with the rhetoric of advertising, specifically with the means employed to persuade the audience in Lithuanian social advertising. Aristotle in his Rhetoric points out that persuasion can be achieved in three ways: through ethos, logos, and pathos. Ethos refers to the speaker’s character as it appears to the audience: if we believe that a speaker has good sense, good morality and goodwill, we are inclined to believe what he says. In social advertising, famous people, organizations and authorities who are recognizable to the audience stand for this ethos argument. Logos means logical arguments. In our society, rationality is highly valued and this way of persuasion is rated as the best, but scientific reasoning in social advertising is not as persuasive as it might appear. Of course it is a strong additional argument to the more rhetorical types of reasoning. Pathos in Aristotle’s sense means the emotions of the audience. Usually people think that they make their decisions based on rational thought, but Aristotle points out that emotions such as pity, anger, fear and their opposites influence our judgments as well. In social advertising, the employment of the pathos argument is the most powerful and persuasive strategy. In this research, some different Lithuanian social campaigns and advertisements are analysed in order to define what methods were chosen to persuade the audience in every campaign and what types of arguments were dominant. It appears that the most persuasive advertising employs a combination of all arguments: ethos, logos, and pathos. However, persuasion in social advertising is based mostly on the pathos argument, because this type of advertising appeals to the emotions.

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JULIUSZ CEZAR – TYRAN CZY NADZIEJA RZECZPOSPOLITEJ? ANALIZA MOWY PRO MARCELLO MARKA TULLIUSZA CYCERONA

Author(s): Tomasz Banach / Language(s): Polish Issue: 121/2021

Background: The article analyzes Cicero’s Pro Marcello in close connection with the political problem that the speech concerned. The comparative juxtaposition of speech with the views presented in the dialogue De re publica proves that Ciceronian rhetoric corresponds in this case to the political philosophy presented earlier. It also confirms the timeless, anti-tyrannical dimension of Cicero’s speeches, for whom the freedom of the Roman political community from tyranny and its varieties is of paramount importance. Research purpose: Analysis of Cicero’s Pro Marcello speech and indication of its anti-tyrannical dimension. Methods: The article uses the historical – legal method and the comparative method. Conclusions: The speech is in fact a republican message addressed to the victorious leader who, in Cicero’s opinion, guided by the common good – rei publicae causa, should follow the path leading to the “best form of government” (optimus status rei publicae). Cicero in Pro Marcello puts Caesar in the place which he ascribed to Scipio in De re publica, as a politician (rector rei publicae) who “will have to become a dictator and put the affairs of the republic in order.”

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DIGITAL BOVARISM: ADVERTISING, RHETORIC, AND IDENTITY

Author(s): Daniel-Liviu Ciurel / Language(s): English Issue: 15/2022

This paper aims to show how the consumers shape their identities via advertising rhetoric. The contemporary advertising industry is defining and cultivating customers identity, using tactics such as mental simulation and narrative transportation, based on data-driven social profiling. The consumers are lured in constructing the types of persona which marketers strive to establish, engaging in what I call digital bovarism: an idealized, glamorized and, ultimately, fictional representation of themselves, developed through alienating rhetorical visions. This rhetorical process can be understood using symbolic convergence theory and fantasy-theme analysis, as the individual’s efforts to be unique result in more similarity via mimetic practices of consumption.

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A Rhetorical Approach to Aspects of Philip Roth’s Narration Technique in the Zuckerman Project

Author(s): Corina Alexandrina Lirca / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2014

The Zuckerman project is characterized by a variety of narration techniques. The first book of the project is a first-person narration. A different narration technique (third-person narration) is adopted with the second installment, i.e. Zuckerman Unbound (also maintained through The Anatomy Lesson). Then Roth switches back to first-person narration and the diary style in the “Prague Orgy” and introduces fractures specific to metafiction in The Counterlife. Next, with the American trilogy he draws heavily on the technique called paralepsis. Finally, with Exist Ghost he surprises again. Over the course of the Zuckerman project, Roth submits his authorial audience to a continuous puzzlement, disregarding expectations or better said mocking at their expectations and their urge for the logical linkage with what the previous autonomous books conveyed.

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Rhetorical Choices and Effects in Jean Stafford’s “The End of a Career”

Author(s): Corina Alexandrina Lirca / Language(s): English Issue: 19/2015

The present paper focuses on “The End of a Career,” the last short-story in Jean Stafford’s 1969 collection titled Collected Short-Stories, using the rhetorical approach to narrative as an investigative method. The result is an investigation of the purpose behind the artistic communicative act that is “The End of a Career,” starting from the range of rhetorical effects that accompany the progression of this narrative. As a rule, the narrator's choices of narrative technique and manner represent the way in which (s)he seeks to influence the audience’s cognition, emotions and values and reveal the purpose of the communicative act. Therefore, I will show that this realistic inverted-chronology reconstruction of Angelica Early’s life the narrator carries out is meant to bring to the short story the dignity of tragedy and reveal the protagonist as a twentieth-century tragic heroine.

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ECO-PRAGMATICS: THE STATE OF THE ART

Author(s): Natalia Kravchenko,Tetiana Pasternak,Tetiana Davydova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

The paper focuses on the current state of research in the field of eco-pragmatics as the interdisciplinary branch of ecolinguistics, which studies multifaceted pragmatic devices of eco-values‘ manifestation. Based on the epideictic discourse the study has reached two major groups of findings. First, eco-pragmatic devices are rested on two types of eco-centristic values. The first ones, represented by concepts of "solidarity" and "compassion", rely on the positive politeness strategies of showing concern, accepting conditions and desires of others as well as the maxims of generosity, modesty and approbation. The second type of values, embodied by the concepts of "non-imposition" and "deference", are manifested by the negative politeness strategies of keeping politically correct "face", creating positive and comforting atmosphere for interaction, showing respect to others‘ freedom of opinion as well as the maxim of tact and the conversational implicature to mitigate "dispreferred" information. Second, positive politeness pragmatics is based on linguistic markers of empathy, emotional involvement, in-group identity, ―encouraging‖ directives and other types of optimistically connoted speech acts. Negative politeness pragmatics relies on the means of mitigation, apologizing, passivation, nominalization, and other means of indirectness aimed at enhancing the audience‘s face at any cost even at the expense of the speaker‘s own "face".

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РАННЕХРИСТИАНСКАЯ АГИОГРАФИЧЕСКАЯ ЛИТЕРАТУРА В КОНЦЕ XX – НАЧАЛЕ XXI В. ИТОГИ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ

Author(s): Aleksey Panteleev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2022

The purpose of the article is to give an overview of the main trends in the study of Early Christian Martyrdoms of the 2–4 centuries in modern science. The first part enumerates new editions of hagiographic texts. The second part analyzes modern studies that touch upon such topics as the genesis of early Christian martyrdom, psychoanalytic approaches to this phenomenon, the role of martyrdom in the formation of the historical memory of Christians, hagiographic works in the context of Roman spectacles, the Second sophistry and ancient rhetoric, and other methods of studying these texts.

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RHETORICAL AGENCY: CONSIDERATIONS FROM AFRICA

Author(s): Klaus Kotzé / Language(s): English Issue: 10/2021

The concept of strategic communications is still often understood in a limited way that does not take rhetorical agency into consideration. This paper seeks to expand upon the narrow perceptions that are still prevalent. For strategic communications to be employed gainfully, the agency of both the speaker and the audience must be appreciated accordingly. Here, we first examine a number of terms that are useful to the practice of strategic communications. These include agency, recognition, rhetorical sovereignty, and rhetorical imperialism. We then apply these terms in relation to the story of Africa, first as has been predominantly told by non-Africans and then as expressed by Africans themselves. We see that strategic communications remains limited when rhetorical agency is neglected. That to conduct effective strategic communications, an agent must always comprehend the range and intelligence of their own rhetorical agency and must appreciate the rhetorical agencies of their counterparts. With Africa set to increase its global role, its views and perceptions must be engaged and discerned. Only in doing so can outdated and counterproductive approaches be transcended.

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Retorica politică și metafora istoriei: entelehia poetică a lui Hugo von Hofmannsthal în vremea sa

Author(s): Gianfranco Longo / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 3 (37)/2022

The common good is realized in the encounter of those moments that reveal the passage from the historical identification of truth to redemption as an archetypal recognition by man of God the Creator, letting that special explosion give life to the discreet in the order of nature and the world: revolution and utopia are in fact the upheaval that indicates a social destructive disorder. In this condition man succeeds in arriving at a dimension of atonement of the past and its events, being able to evaluate his existence as often uncertain in the unfolding of his events, deducing, from his signs and his plausible correspondences, a bond that emerges linear for having been many times interrupted and resumed, and not confined to an Anderswo, distant, unattainable and indeterminable. Violence strikes in these cases the sovereign political event leading to a sacrificial crisis.

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Dante i Ezra Pound, očima T. S. Eliota

Author(s): Ante Armanini / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 11+12/2008

Esej T. S. Eliota o Danteu smatram egzemplarnim dokumentom i za moderno pjesništvo i za čitav niz školskih i akademskih rasprava o modernom pjesništvu, koje svojom atribucijom »moderno« više zbunjuju čitatelje i razvodnjavaju mogućnosti tumačenja pjesništva en general nego što pridonose razumijevanju bilo književnosti bilo pjesničkih djela. Dakako, egzemplarna u Eliotovu tekstu je implicitna polemika s purificiranim ili tehničkim tumačenjem bilo kakve književne tradicije u pjesništvu, od Dantea pa sve do Ezre Pounda.

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Basme u novelama Zmija i Mara milosnica

Author(s): Mirna Brkić-Vučina / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 123-124/2022

Bogato, višeznačno, simbolima isprepleteno književno djelo Ive Andrića, neiscrpno je vrelo književnih interpretacija. Andrićeva djela slobodno cirkuliraju prema svim vrstama usmene književnosti: pričama, poslovicama, kletvama, blagoslovima, basmama, lirskim i epskim pjesmama te tako uspostavljaju ravnotežu mitosa i logosa, tradicije i suvremenosti. U radu analiziramo usmenoknjiževni podtekst u dvije novele Ive Andrića – Zmiji i Mari milosnici. U prvome redu zanima nas kako u njima funkcionira usmenoknjiževni retorički oblik basme ili zaklinjanja.

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Риторические вопросы в политической речи

Author(s): Nagdali Zamanov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 08/2022

The article analyses the main functions of rhetorical questions in political speech. The author uses politician Heydar Aliyev's speeches as linguistic material. As Heydar Aliyev's speeches were mostly in the Azerbaijani language, the issue is considered based on the Azerbaijani language, which is very relevant for Azerbaijani linguistics. Heydar Aliyev's speech was rich in rhetorical questions. The article mentions that one of the syntactic means used in polemics is the rhetorical question used to make the address emotional and critical, thus paving the way for the rise of intonation. The author, summing up, writes that rhetorical questions increase the impact of speech on the audience, evoke emotion, and carry significant meaning and emotional load.

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SİYASİ PROPAGANDA AFİŞLERİNDE KADIN İMGESİ: ALMANYA İÇİN ALTERNATİF PARTİSİ (AfD) ÖRNEĞİ

Author(s): Oğuz Tunçel / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 96/2022

The Euro crisis in 2009 and then the influx of refugees to the European borders in 2015 cause economic and security concerns in the European society. The serious problems created by the crises in the social and economic fields also affect the political field. Confidence in the ruling neo-liberal centrist parties decreases among the voters who turn to new political pursuits. Turning the negative atmosphere that creates discomfort on the European society into an opportunity, the far-right parties significantly increase the public support with the populist rhetoric they build on ethnic, cultural and religious affiliations. The far-right parties, which follow an effective political communication strategy in order to make their ideology and policies visible to the public, have an impact on voter behavior with the propaganda posters they use in their election campaigns. In developed Western European countries where the political poster culture is vigorously maintained, especially in Germany with the largest immigrant population, the ethnic and cultural minorities, whose number is increasing day by day in the country with the mass migration, become the main argument of far-right populist propaganda. When evaluated in this context, the propaganda posters used by the "Alternative Party for Germany (AfD)", one of Germany's leading far-right parties, draw attention. Developing an anti-foreign and anti-immigrant discourse through the representations of 'women' on election posters, the AfD emphasizes the German identity and culture. It strengthens its own ideological discourse by making ethnic, religious and cultural discrimination over women. This study deals with the propaganda posters selected with the purposeful sampling model in terms of graphic form and content, focusing on the ideological discourse built on the "image of woman", which the Alternative Party for Germany frequently resorts to in election posters.

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LA CHANSON ENGAGEE : DU POETIQUE A L’ARGUMENTATIF

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LA CHANSON ENGAGEE : DU POETIQUE A L’ARGUMENTATIF

Author(s): Hassiba Chaibi / Language(s): French Issue: 33/2022

The present study is devoted to the question of the argumentative force of emblematic songs by treating an Algerian sports song entitled “شكون سبابنا؟ which uses the event "harraga" as a vector of its engagement value, and the actualization of the speech of the other (adversary) in order to stage a fictitious discursive confrontation in a polemical mode which translates an aim of denunciation and a representational emotion (topic of pain). To identify the different argumentative strategies implemented by the speaker-interpreter, to express and make their vision understood, the proposed analysis will focus on the mode of exercise of influence, which includes the organization of the referential content responsible for a symbolic thickness in close relation with the properties of the enunciation context, the semiotization of emotions and the enunciative management procedures.

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