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Analiza i prognozowanie popytu pasażerskiego na przykładzie wybranych portów lotniczych w Polsce

Author(s): Jacek Jankiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

We wprowadzeniu do artykułu przedstawiono cele powziętej analizy oraz zarysowano problematykę pomiaru i prognozowania popytu na usługi portów lotniczych. W dalszej części zaprezentowano podstawowe kategorie pasażerów korzystających z transportu lotniczego oraz główne narzędzia w analizie popytu na takie usługi. Wyniki analiz empirycznych popytu na usługi trzech regionalnych portów lotniczych w Polsce poprzedziły opis metod prognozowania ruchu w takich przedsiębiorstwach. W dalszej części zaprezentowano projekcje ruchu pasażerskiego w portach lotniczych w województwach pomorskim, wielkopolskim i śląskim. Wyniki analiz uzupełniono opisem spodziewanej mobilności ludności w wymienionych regionach.

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Letter from Director, Internal Energy Market, Directorate-General for Energy, European Commission

Author(s): Klaus-Dieter Borchardt / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The V4 has been and still is an important player in regional cooperation and the energy security landscape of Central and Eastern Europe. The group of four was also the driver behind the North-South Gas Corridor, which was later included as a priority of EU energy-security and energy-infrastructure policies.

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The Czech Republic: Bringing the Rest Closer to the West?

Author(s): Filip Černoch,Jan Osička / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

At first glance, the Czech Republic—a landlocked state with very low domestic output and a high dependence on imports—may be seen as vulnerable in terms of energy security. However, thanks to the early adoption of a resolute policy of diversification, sound prospects for additional supplies, and a well-developed domestic market and infrastructure, the country should actually be considered one of the most secure among the Visegrad states. The share of natural gas in the Czech total primary energy supply (TPES) is less than half that of Hungary’s; the Czech Republic has a higher storage capacity than Poland; and, in comparison with Slovakia, has at least partially diversified imports.

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Poglavlje 29: Carinska unija

Author(s): Jelena Žugić / Language(s): Montenegrine Publication Year: 0

Mnogi naši građani i građanke smatraju da se ulaskom u EU ukidaju sve granice, pasoške i carinske kontrole prema drugim državama Unije. Ulaskom u EU ne ukidaju se automatski pasoške kontrole sa susjednim zemljama EU-a, ali se ukida carina između država članica. Pasoška kontrola u potpunosti se ukida tek pristupanjem Šengenskom sporazumu što se, prema iskustvu novih članica, može očekivati nekoliko godina nakon pristupanja Uniji.

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Outsourcing in the public sector in the Czech Republic: case studies

Author(s): Juraj Nemec,Markéta Šumpíková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The relevant literature suggests that if, and only if, outsourcing is properly implemented, then it may, but might not, improve cost effectiveness and deliver the necessary quality. In this paper, we present two cases describing the processes and results of outsourcing by public sector bodies in the Czech Republic. Data are based on an in-depth audit delivered by students preparing their master’s degree theses under the supervision of one of authors of this paper. Compared to our previous in-depth audits in Slovakia, we did not find very visible cases of inefficiency connected with in-house versus outsourcing decisions. However, our data confirm that the core problematic service in our public administration conditions is transportation. The ‘habit’ of public bodies having company cars or even in-house drivers is usually a very expensive practice. If such cars and the time capacity of the drivers are underutilised, the costs of taxi services can actually be much cheaper. The data also show that even with only a few competing bidders, public organisations can receive very low-cost offers for cleaning and security services, much below the minimum costs of internal production. Suppliers can achieve this by ‘manipulating’ the labour costs or the costs of the quality of the delivered service.

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THE BOISTEROUS BEHAVIOUR OF SOCIETAS EUROPAEA IN CZECHIA – A PROXIMITY ANALYSIS OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS

Author(s): ALEŠ BĚLOHRADSKÝ / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Czechia is known for a relatively high number of European Companies (SE) registrations. In order to clarify the enormous popularity, the aim of this study is to describe the behaviour of SE in mergers and acquisitions (M&A) activity and to detect differences from other listed companies. In particular, the emphasis is put on the role of geographical and cognitive proximities between SE and their targets. The empirical assessment using logistic regression benefits from a large dataset comprising of 7,798 deals from years between 2004 and 2017 with an SE as an acquirer. The results show that the majority of deals involving SE are connected to the practice of readymade companies for sale, while the internationalization is weak and statistically insignificant. The pattern of cognitive proximity effect on M&A provides a strong empirical evidence for the theory of related variety

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ЗЕЛЕНАТА СДЕЛКА И ПРОБЛЕМИТЕ В ТРАНСПОРТНОТО ОБСЛУЖВАНЕ

Author(s): Nikolina Belcheva Dragneva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

European legislation enables and encourages member states to implement projects, referring to Art.7 of Directive (EU) 2019/944 of the European Parliament - The Green Deal. In transport, the aim is to reduce emissions in the sector by 90%, to which all modes of transport must contribute. The green transformation of transport is directly related to the production and introduction of sustainable alternative fuels and intelligent traffic systems. The digitalisation in the transport sector and the opportunities provided by dynamically evolving technologies lead to an increase in the quality of transport services as well as to the overall improvement of environmental and economic indicators.

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Makroekonomik Dengelerdeki Değişim ve Havayolu Şirketlerinin Stratejisi Türk Hava Yolları (THY) Örneği

Author(s): Hasan Alpago / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

From a macroeconomic point of view, inputs such as capital, labor and land are at the forefront of the elements that make up any organization. Apart from these, the entrepreneurial spirit stands out as an important motivation. On the other hand, in the globalizing world, branding and commercial partnership are important for the competitiveness and sustainability of companies. This situation becomes increasingly important in terms of macroeconomic crises and competition. In this respect, the global dimension and success of brands necessitate brand mergers and alliances. In this context, brand management gains a corporate and global dimension. In addition, in the globalizing world, especially in developed and industrialized countries, brands tend to acquire the "super brand" feature by merging or forming alliances. An example of this is the merger of brands such as Facebook, Instagram, Messenger, WhatsApp, Oculus VR under the "Meta" brand in the social media field. In the aviation sector, on the other hand, the tendency to establish a "brand alliance" such as a "star alliance" gains importance instead of combining brands under the same company.

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Asean-T Ülkelerinde Havayolu Firmalarının Finansal Performansının CRITIC Tabanlı MABAC Yöntemi ile Analizi

Author(s): Yusuf Güngör / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

In this study, the financial performance of the flag carrier airline companies operating in ASEAN countries and Turkish Airlines, the flag carrier airline of Turkey, have been analyzed using various financial ratios. In the analysis, the changes in the performance of the airline companies according to the years were observed and the sensitivity of the companies operating in the sector to national or international events was also revealed. The analysis have been made using multi-criteria decision making methods. The MABAC method was used to evaluate the performance of CRITIC alternatives, and the CRITIC for criterion weighting. Among the criteria selected according to the CRITIC results, the ratio of short-term liabilities to total resources, the turnover rate of tangible assets, the ratio of total liabilities to equity and the load factor were the criteria with the highest weight in different periods. According to the findings obtained as a result of the MABAC method, Singapore Airlines showed the highest performance in the first two periods, Turkish Airlines in 2018, Cebu Airlines in 2019, Air Asia in 2020, which was declared a pandemic, and Thai Airways in the last period. According to the information obtained from the company scores, there was a decrease in the performance scores of all companies during the pandemic period. It has been concluded that the pandemic affects large companies at a higher level due to their high fixed costs.

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2000-2022 Yılları Lojistik ve Pazarlama Konulu Yayınların Bibliyometrik İncelemesi

Author(s): Murat İsmet Haseki,İlker İbrahim Avşar / Language(s): Turkish Publication Year: 0

Nowadays when artificial intelligence and algorithms are spoken, the focus of marketing activities in rapidly developing and changing technology is the consumer. In order for businesses to survive in an intensely competitive environment, they should better understand the consumer and better understand their current and potential needs. Businesses show special sensitivity to the image of their brands in the eyes of consumers. As a result of globalization, the world has become a single market. In a single market, in the face of rapidly changing conditions, the biggest weapon of businesses is their loyal customers. In order to retain their customers, businesses have to develop marketing strategies that produce solutions to their problems. Companies have to work with different disciplines while developing marketing strategies. One of these different disciplines is logistics. Logistics, which has an important place in the general activities of marketing, has to closely follow the changing consumer behaviors for the success of the business. Logistics develops various methods to better understand consumer behavior. One of the methods used in studies on the logistics sector is bibliometric analysis. In bibliometric analysis; The words are analyzed in order to show the status of the knowledge base that is the subject of the research. Word analysis reveals the main meaning issues hidden in the text. In order to make the analysis, a database is scanned for a certain period. The data obtained from the scanning are converted into bibliometric expressions using software such as VOSviewer. The motivation for logistics-based publications is due to the rapid change in the logistics industry recently and this change increased academic interest in the subject. There has been an increase in academic interest in logistics literature in the last 10 years. In addition, examining the research on the logistics sector with the subject of marketing lays the groundwork for a consensus on logistics and marketing subjects in the literature. The study concentrates on academic studies on marketing and logistics. For this purpose, the WoS database was scanned to cover 2000-2022. As a result of the search, 1471 publications focused on logistics and marketing were found. The obtained publications were evaluated in different categories with the bibliometric analysis approach.

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Електронна товарителница – цифрова революция при договора за превоз

Author(s): Desimira Yurukova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The road freight transport takes a leading place in the constantly digitalizing world. The contract of carriage is regulated by the Convention on the Contract of Carriage in Road Freight Transport (CMR Convention). The Convention settles the CMR like a basic transport document. In 2008; an Additional Protocol was adopted; which allows the use of an electronic consignment note. The aim of this paper is to analyze the terms - CMR and e-CMR; to make a comparison between them and to analyse the use in practice in the transport law. It will be explored what are the advantages and disadvantages by using of the e-CMR; and in which Member States of the European Union it is already applicable.

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Основни социални права чрез качествено образование и улеснен достъп до пазара на труда в транспорта

Author(s): Neli Lalkovska / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Todor Kableshkov University of Transport has 100 years since its foundation. In its history it has built a tradition of support and constant contact with current and former alumni. UT works in line with EC policies on quality of vocational education and social protection of students, trainees, PhD students and partners. Challenges are in relation to the European Pillar of Social Rights - 2030 Action Plan: access to qualifications, digitalization, safety, integration and employment support.

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ДИГИТАЛНО УПРАВЛЕНИЕ НА БИЗНЕС ПРОЦЕСИ В ЛОГИСТИКАТА И ВЕРИГАТА ЗА ДОСТАВКИ

Author(s): Kristiana Atanasova,Marina Yordanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Digital Business Process Management in Logistics represents a crucial aspect for enhancing organizational efficiency and competitiveness, particularly in the current era where technological innovations are reshaping the logistics sector. Therefore, this article sheds light on innovations and trends within the logistics and supply chain domain, with a specific focus on digital business process management. The influence of Industry 4.0 is examined, emphasizing the significance of automation, the Internet of Things (IoT), and artificial intelligence in optimizing operations. Special attention is given to Industry 5.0, which accelerates processes within the supply chain through the integration of humans and robots into an intelligent working environment. However, business process change becomes inevitable and is of paramount importance for the survival and growth of companies. The environment and market requirements continue to evolve, and for companies to remain relevant and competitive, they must adapt. In this context, the role of blockchain technology as a means to enhance transparency, security, and sustainability in managing processes and the supply chain as a whole is explored.

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DŮSLEDKY ENVIRONMENTÁLNÍCH POSTOJŮ PRO VOLBU UDRŽITELNÉHO ZPŮSOBU DOPRAVY

Author(s): Markéta Novotná,Lucie Košťálová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The transport sector is one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions, making a significant contribution to climate change. As the tourism sector is linked to movement in space and the choice of transport mode, it is also affected by the issue of sustainability. The paper aims to evaluate what factors influence the choice of sustainable transport mode on the way to the destination and determine the importance of environmental attitudes of tourism participants in their decision-making process. Similarly, the connection between sustainable behaviour in the home environment and the willingness to pay extra for a greener transport mode is investigated. A questionnaire was compiled based on relevant scientific literature. It was distributed electronically in the period October– November 2021, primarily among respondents in the age group of 18–35 years, which is widely discussed in the scientific literature. In a sample of 255 respondents, respondents with a greener mindset gave higher importance to the environmental impact of the transport mode and were willing to pay more for greener mode. Although the plane was one of the most widely used modes, there was a larger proportion in a more sustainable mode of transport among more environmentally friendly respondents.

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The geography of consumer goods logistics in Poland—a diagnosis of the period since the COVID-19 pandemic

Author(s): Piotr Banaszyk,Waldemar W. Budner / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The aim of the work is to find answers to four research questions. What is the geography of: 1) consumer goods production centers in Poland? 2) centers of consumption of consumer goods in Poland? 3) transport corridors used to move consumer goods? 4) what is the location system of logistics hubs supporting the movement of goods? Design/methodology/approach: The study used quantitative data mainly from public statistics Statistics Poland—LOCAL DATA BANK, supplemented with information from consulting companies on the logistics real estate market. The analysed locations are urban complexes. The time scope of the study covers the year: 2020 to indicate GDP and average expenditure per person; 2021 for the number and size of logistics facilities. The analysis used: desk research, web research, simple statistical indicators, cartographic methods and deductive logical reasoning. Findings: As the analysis shows, there are very large economic inequalities in Poland, which are deepened by the concentration of production. The best developed regions are voivode shipswith the greatest socio-economic potential concentrated in its main center, i.e. in the agglomerations of Warsaw, Poznań, Wrocław, Kraków, Łódź, Tricity and the Silesian conurbation.The share in consumption of the seven largest urbanised areas in Poland is 41.8%, which is much less than the total share in GDP generation (50.8%). The activities of production centers are closely related to broadly understood warehouse management. Originality and value: The existing spatial economic and demographic pattern influenced the formation of consumption centres. The share of the designated 16 metropolitan centres in household expenditure was 57.0%, correspondingly less than GDP (65.6%). The factors determining the location of major hubs are primarily: geographical location near the urban agglomeration, transport accessibility, which is determined by the transport infrastructure (road and rail, but also proximity to airports and seaports) and the absorptive capacity of the local market in terms of the services offered.

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Determinants of competitiveness of Polish road carriers

Author(s): Piotr Banaszyk,Sylwia Konecka,Anna Maryniak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Purpose: The study aims to investigate how economic, legal, geopolitical, and technological factors impact the competitiveness of Polish road hauliers both immediately after and three years after the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: The study relies on primary research conducted through a questionnaire survey, secondary research from existing literature, and an analysis of statistical data and consulting companies’ insights. Findings: The study found several key points, including the market favoring freight forwarders during turbulent times, opportunities in digitalization due to difficulties in reducing costs related to fuel, energy, and wages, successful adaptation to legislative changes (especially the mobility package), and the need for market consolidation based on operators’ financial health. Research limitations/implications: The study acknowledges the unique nature of the COVID-19 pandemic, making it challenging to compare it to future crises. However, it provides valuable insights into the impact of the pandemic on various aspects of competitiveness, such as rates, volumes, legal protection, profitability, and new challenges. Practical implications: The collected data can help stakeholders better understand the behavior of the road freight industry during times of crisis, which has implications for productprices, environmental impact, and societal purchasing power. Social implications: The condition of the road transport industry not only affects business but also has broader societal and environmental consequences. Understanding the industry’s behavior can shed light on these aspects. Originality and value: The study stands out for its multifaceted approach to understanding competitiveness in times of crisis within the road freight industry. It’s noted as one of the few studies on this specific topic and is valuable for its comparison of the author’s findings with those of other researchers and industry opinions. Overall, your text provides a clear and comprehensive overview of your study, making it easy for readers to grasp the purpose, methodology,findings, and implications of your research.

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Ценообразуване на аеронавигационните услуги в Европа

Author(s): Ekaterina Stefanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The aim of this report is to reveal the specifics of the pricing of the air navigation services in Europe. The main focus is on calculating the unit rates for the provision of air navigation services, or the so-called air navigation charges, which the airspace users (aviation operators) pay for the air traffic management. The report presents key features of the provision of air navigation services in Europe. A comparative analysis is made between the two pricing methods for air navigation services in Europe – the full cost recovery method and the determined costs method. The report also presents a review of the legislation in the field of air navigation service taxation. А special focus is placed on the traffic risk sharing mechanism and the cost risk sharing mechanism. The conclusion presents the trends in the regulation of pricing of the air navigation services, with regards to the legislative initiative for the Single European Sky (SES) to achieve more efficient air traffic management.

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Предизвикателства пред работната сила на сектор "Транспорт, складиране и пощи" в условията на дигитална трансформация

Author(s): Donka Zhelyazkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The aim of the present paper is based on a brief overview of the results of a survey conducted by NSI in 2022 on the workforce in the Transport, Warehousing and Postal sector, to reveal challenges to the human resource involved in the business activities studied. This requires to systematize and analyze the main issues that are revealed on the basis of the official empirical data related to the fulfillment of staff commitments within working hours. The solution to the registered problems is sought in relation to the main directions of digital transformation in logistics, which are in the directions of application of artificial intelligence, machine learning, Internet-of-things, blockchain technologies, autonomous vehicles and big data analysis.

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Възможности за подобряване на вътрешното качество при обучението по логистика

Author(s): Georgi Kondev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

In today's dynamic economic and social environment, effective changes in the education system would lead to achieving a high quality of life and quickly addressing the daily challenges facing society as a whole. Unfortunately, most of the reforms in recent decades, despite the efforts made and the desire for a positive result, have mostly been associated with disappointment and failure. The main goal of this publication is to systematize the possibilities leading to the improvement of the quality of the educational process in higher schools. In essence, a set of theoretical and practical studies describing indicators for evaluating the internal quality of the educational process are woven into the various possibilities. The use of each of them requires the adoption of different strategies, approaches, and actions to ensure high efficiency and quality.

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The Tragedy of the Common Space: On the Law & Economics of Commercialized Space Travel

Author(s): Julia M. Puaschunder / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Space travel has a long history throughout the 20th century. Outer space exploration started with governmental endeavors in the 1950s and 1960s. During the Cold War era, the so-called ‘space-race’ between the United States and the former Soviet Union led to major direct discoveries and accomplishments in outer space but also entailed indirect positive effects on the economy and society. Through the turn of the millennium, a new phenomenon started with a shift of former governmental space travel to offering private space experiences. In the most recent years, there has been a rapid advent of commercialized space travel options, which are expected to rise in scale and scope in the future. Privatized space travel has many short-term, medium-term and long-term advantages ranging from innovation sparking economic growth, first-mover advantages as well as leadership establishment. Conquering outer space on private sector tickets, however, may also entail various costs, risks and disadvantages that may or may not be obviously noticeable. For instance, in the short-term horizon, space travel is still a highly risky activity that can lead to fatal accidents and serious long-term health impairments. In the medium-term, space contamination and pollution have been reported as worrisome developments, which will exacerbate if space travel becomes commercialized and affordable to the global masses. The commercialization of space travel is also a legal and regulatory lacuna that bears risks of unforeseen political tensions, environmental degradation and human-ecosystem unbalancing. This article strives to inform a broad range of space travel stakeholders – like politicians, regulators, global governance executives but also non-governmental, private sector actors – about potential opportunities as well as risks of commercialized space travel. The article is organized as follows: An introduction will briefly touch on the historical advent and preliminary attempts to regulate and control space travel as well as economic problems arising to classify space as a common good. The theoretical part will give a snapshot of the history of space law from an international law perspective with reference to similar cases, such as the law of the sea. The empirical analysis will offer a first attempt to conduct a law & economics cost-benefit analysis with discounting different time perspectives for space travel benefits and costs. The discussion closes with a prospect of future research opportunities on the law and economics of commercialized space travel.

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