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Corpora and teaching academic writing: Exploring the pedagogical potential of MICUSP

Author(s): Ute Römer / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper introduces a new corpus resource for teaching English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and for carrying out research into advanced student writing across a range of academic disciplines: MICUSP, the Michigan Corpus of Upper-level Student Papers. It exemplifies how MICUSP can be used as a source of materials in the context of data-driven learning in the EAP classroom. The paper also presents selected results from two MICUSP based studies: an analysis of attended and unattended this and a study of the distribution of common phraseological items across student papers. It is argued that these results are of pedagogical relevance and can contribute to an improvement in EAP teaching.

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Исторические сдвиги в функционировании русского беспредложного родительного падежа

Author(s): Aleš Brandner / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

Phrases and their syntactic meanings in Old Russian were very different from contemporary language. In the course of the historical development there were shifts of meaning of some cases. These changes were caused the attempt of the language to express certain relations in a more accurate way. Expressing of certain meanings by simple, non-prepositional cases was gradually reduced; simple cases were replaced by prepositional cases. Semantic meaning which is expressed in contemporary Russian by means of the genitive constructions represents a very varied and complex subject. Historical study of genitive form´s use enables us to hypothesise their original semantics.

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«Чувство звёздного неба» и «налёт патины»: авторское заполнение языковых лакун в сфере внутреннего мира человека

Author(s): Yuliya Vladimirovna Golovnyova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

In national cultures rich in fiction, like the Russian and English cultures, there is a layer of literary descriptions of such mental phenomena as feelings, states of mind, different ways of thinking etc., for which a national language has no well-known brief (single-word or idiomatic) names. These descriptions of individual experience are open to a reader’s understanding and can be memorized due to their figurativeness and to the use of metaphor as a means of thinking, and if an author gives the described phenomena brief names, they may become part of the national lexicon as well; in this case an author’s individual concept can become national. Taking into account the present interest of linguoculturology in language lacunae and in words with no direct equivalents in other languages, we suggest an operational term ‘an individually felt language lacuna’ to denote the absence of a brief conventional name for a phenomenon of great personal value; filling of such lacunae is a well-known detail of a writer’s work. The article considers examples of representation of authors’ individual concepts from works by Osip Mandelstam, Vladimir Nabokov, Joseph Brodsky, John Fowles, Viktor Pelevin (the names are listed here in the chronological order of their works under study).

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Zoolingvistička analiza poslovica u časopisu hrvatskog društva za zaštitu životinja „Živobran” na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće

Author(s): Lidija Bakota / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

A proverb is a concise, structurally complete saying formed as a reflection of a life experience or a speaker’s wisdom within a certain socio-cultural space. Based on tradition, in other words, on extralinguistic, real and concrete experience of a speaker, proverbs, through their constant use, become a constituent of collective experience and assume general meanings. Therefore, they serve an important didactic and moral-educational function in the language of the community. The paper explores the representation of proverbs (wise sayings) in the journal of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals „Živobran“ (1894–1904). The analyzed corpus consists of proverbs whose subject is most frequently an animal, or a human and their relationship towards animal world. The analysis of zoonymic paremiology will raise moral-ethical issues, such as speciesism and empathy, in the context of cultural zoology and biethics. Zoonymic paremiology on the pages of „Živobran,“ the journal of the Croatian Association for the Protection of Animals reveals historical-cultural cognitions on animal world of Croats at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.

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SEMANTIC STRUCTURE AND EVALUATING CHARACTERISTICS OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS WITH COMPONENTS DENOTING AGRICULTURAL OCCUPATIONS

Author(s): Oksana Ponomarova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The article is dedicated to the complex study of Ukrainian, English and German phraseological units with components naming people by their occupation in the agriculture-related industries. The person designations reflecting the place people occupy in social relationships network make up an important part of any language lexis, as they represent the nature of various social roles, values and views of different ethnical and social communities. The article highlights structural, semantic and stylistic features of set phrases with components denoting agricultural occupations. The role of denotation for the profession of this type in the formation of the phrase meaning is traced. Special attention is paid to evaluation of agricultural occupations, their approval or condemnation in the language society. As a result of the research, it is stated that phraseological units with components denoting agricultural occupations in Ukrainian, English and German express a wide range of meanings. In the inner structure of set phrases these professions may have direct original meanings as well as the following derivative phraseological ones: the denotation of any worker, social status, a certain type of personality. It is concluded that a positively evaluated verbal stereotype of a farmer represents the basic concepts of human activity: labour, though difficult, is considered to be the basis of a happy and prosperous life. Agricultural occupations meet all the requirements existing in public consciousness, such as benefit, creative work, physical labour, importance of a product, responsibility, quality of work and its complexity, qualifications; that is why they are highly appreciated.

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Дативно-инфинитивные структуры и синтаксические идиомы в русском языке

Author(s): Anton Zimmerling / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

I discuss two sentence patterns expressing modal meanings in Modern Russian. Dative infinitive structures (DIS) have the taxonomic meaning of alethic (external) modality in sentences in the indicative mood. Root DIS clauses are productive, while embedded DIS clauses represent a relic type inherited from Old Russian: it only survives in sentences with identical clausal subjects. Syntactic idioms like негде спать, некого винить project an idiosyncratic finite sentence pattern with a negative existential head. The latter consists of a stressed negation не merged with an incorporated wh-word. Such elements, called neg-words, combine features of morphological units resembling dative predicatives with characteristics of reordered sentences derived by the raising of wh-words from embedded infinitival clauses to the matrix clause. Most sentences with predicative neg-words reconstruct affirmative counterparts, which are overtly bi-clausal. Russian sentences with predicative neg-words express the taxonomic meaning of existential quantification combined with the meaning of alethic impossibility. The modal subject does not impose restrictions on animacy in either sentence pattern. Both DIS sentences and syntactic idioms with neg-words are reordered bi-clausal structures, but the reordering vector is different: DIS sentences have a degraded upper clause, while the idioms with neg-words have a degraded embedded infinitival clause.

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Les désignations romanes du prunellier

Author(s): Nicolae Saramandu,Manuela Nevaci / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Motivational maps concern the dynamic of language, revealing thus a less known or less studied aspect, the motivation of the linguistic sign. This is a permanent process since the speakers “remotivate” the linguistic sign when the rapport between this and the extralinguistic reality (the referent) becomes opaque, not transparent. Elaborated, up to the present moment, at a European and Romance level, motivational linguistic maps can also be realized at a national level. In our contribution, we present, for the first time, such a map regarding the Romanian language, realized on the basis of the Atlas Linguarum Europae (ALE) and Atlas linguistique roman (ALiR). The contribution presents the words designating PRUNELLIER in the romance languages and dialects. At the same time, it results from our contribution the dynamic perspective on language, i.e. the motivational linguistic “strata” in etymology. Prunellier

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За някои недостатъчно изследвани области на българо-полската съпоставителна лексикология

Author(s): Petar Sotirov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The subject of discussion are some areas of Bulgarian-Polish comparative lexicology, which are insufficiently studied and represent a field for the implementation of interesting research projects. The aim is to describe the state of research in these areas and to present ideas for their expansion. The focus is on two areas – the comparative study of archaization and the colloquialization of vocabulary in both languages. With regard to archaization, examples are given of asymmetries in the field of vocabulary extinction, which present cases in which tokens from one language are obsolete and in another language are in active function. The author assumes that the factors that provide this “second life” of outdated vocabulary outside the territory of the national language are primarily non-linguistic in nature and their comparative study is interesting. The paper also touches on the state of comparative Bulgarian-Polish research in the field of colloquial vocabulary, the more in-depth study of which is necessary due to the current trend towards colloquialization of the language.

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Особености на терминологичните речници, изработвани в Института за български език

Author(s): Maria Popova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article presents some characteristics of the terminological dictionaries, which are created in Section for terminology and terminography in Institute for Bulgarian language – Bulgarian academy of sciences. Attention is paid to: popularity of dictionaries; presence of encyclopaedical component in its micro- and macrostructure; explanation to a two degrees (stages): meaning of term (in its definition) and content of term (parts of which are given with additional descriptions after definition); systematicity in description of terms with its groups, in which are included classificational and partitive relations.

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Наблюдения върху безеквивалентната фразеология в българско-полска перспектива

Author(s): Wojciech Paweł Sosnowski,Diana Blagoeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The article deals with the issue of non-equivalent phraseological units in the pair of Bulgarian and Polish languages. The different views on the types and degrees of interlinguistic equivalence in phraseology are commented on. It is emphasized that in establishing the presence or absence of interlingual equivalence in phraseological units should be based on semantics. The research was conducted on a rich illustrative material, including idioms, stable comparisons and other types of set phrases.

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Дателно допълнение или предложна фраза при предикативите в руския и в българския език – конкуренция и специфики

Author(s): Alexander Letuchiy,Marina Dzhonova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper represents a comparative study of the cases in which in Bulgarian and Russian there is a competition between the dative and the prepositional complement with the preposition для/за 'for' in stative predicative constructions. The relation between the type of complement and the choice of complement clause is considered. Based on empirical data from both languages, general tendencies as well as language-specific features such as control rules in Russian or cases of raising an argument from the subordinate clause are outlined.

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Тематическая группа „Любовь. Дружба“: болгарские соответствия восточнославянских паремиологических лингвокультурем

Author(s): Marina Kotova / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

This article examines the Bulgarian proverbial correspondences of current East Slavonic proverbs of the thematic group “Love. Friendship” from the project of the Electronic Dictionary of active East Slavonic Proverbs. The main method for identifying actual paremiological parallels in three languages to Russian proverbs is a paremiological sociolinguistic experiment. The conclusions relate to the specifics of the selection of Bulgarian correspondences to Russian proverbial linguoculturemes against the background of Belarusian and Ukrainian proverbial parallels.

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Концептът „здраве“ в традиционната и в съвременната българска езикова картина на света

Author(s): Mariyana Vitanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The fragment of the linguistic picture of the world, revealing the physical and mental status of the Bulgarians, is widely presented in the lexical and phraseological fund of the Bulgarian language. The aim of the article is to analize the representation of the concept of health in the Bulgarian language and some of the linguistic and cultural dimensions of health related to the traditions and practical experience of native speakers of the Bulgarian language. The material used in the research was excerpted from dictionaries, collections of proverbs and sayings, archives and conducted associative questionnaires.

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Митолингвистично изследване върху названия на дъгата с мотивационни модели ‘атрибут на бога’ и ‘символ на плодородието’ в българския език

Author(s): Borislav Popov,Robertino Stoilov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The present mytholinguitsic exploration analyses two groups of dialectal names of the rainbow in the Bulgarian language in the context of the associated mytho-religious beliefs, ritualistic practices and rational perceptions and applies the mytholinguistic method with its two models. The mytholinguistic analysis of the internal form of the word instrumental in revealing the mytholinguistic structure offers an opportunity to reconstruct specific mythological beliefs and to determine the semantic motivation in the linguistic nomination of the names of the rainbow subject to inquiry. The reason behind the formation of each name as a result of secondary nomination is revealed to the effect of establishing whether its internal form is a projection of the mythological and religious outlook and ritualistic practices of the ethnos or it is a reflection of rational perceptions.

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Митология, рекатегоризация и сетивни възприятия в структурирането на абстрактни понятия

Author(s): Milena Levunlieva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The research revisits the principles of linguistic categorization established by Dixon (1982) and interpreted and elaborated upon by Lakoff (1987). It unravels a mutually defining relation of interdependence between the myth-and-belief principle, the important property principle and the experiential domain principle. An argument is offered of their hierarchical relations manifested in their functioning in the process of metaphorical (and metonymic) recategorization.

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PRIKAZ POMENSKO POVEZANIH IZTOČNIC V SLOVARJU PREGOVOROV IN SORODNIH PAREMIOLOŠKIH IZRAZOV

Author(s): Matej Meterc / Language(s): Slovenian Publication Year: 0

Dictionary of Proverbs and Similar Paremiological Expressions lists semantically related entries for each paremiological expression, if they have already been included in the dictionary. The article first presents the first paremiological dictionary of the Slovenian language, which is being created at The Fran Ramovš Institute of the Slovenian Language (Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts). The first dictionary entries were published on the Fran.si webpage in 2020, and since then new dictionary entries have been added once a year. Currently, 400 paremiological expressions (mostly proverbs but also other) are included in the dictionary. The information on semantically related paremiological expressions shows the connections between synonyms, hypernyms, hyponyms and antonyms. In the analysis, we help ourselves with the typology of semantic relationships presented by Peter Ďurčo. The lexicographical information on semantically related paremiological expressions also provides a connection between (phraseologically fixed) anti-proverbs and proverbs from which these anti-proverbs were created. Similarly, in the dictionary, wellerisms and the expressions from which they were formed are linked. In the article, we touch upon the issue of a wider group of paremiological genres that are created through parody (so-called antiparemias), which Jozef Mlacek pointed out. The special feature of this paremiological dictionary is the display of semantic relationships between phraseological replies that respond to the same or similar stimuli. All the mentioned semantic relationships are shown in the article with concrete paremiological expressions, their explanations of meaning and examples of usage. The article also explains to what degree the display of semantic connections between paremiological expressions affects the choice of paremiological expressions presented in the dictionary.

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Латински фразеологизми с ономастичен компонент в лингво-културологичен аспект

Author(s): Pepa Lungarova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The present paper explores the phraseological meaning and linguistic-cultural aspects of the latin phraseological units, so called “”flying thoughts”, containing onomastic component. The material was selected from “Dictionary of the Latin flying thoughts” (1982), edited by N. Babichev and J. Borovskij. The attention is paid to the semantic of phraseologisms, to different approaches of their synchronic and diachronic description, and to cultural specificity. Reflecting the nature of the Roman conception of the world and the human relationships phraseological units proceed from the subjective human experience. Proper names are linguistic items fulfilling a referential function. The proper names in phraseological units are of great importance in communication where they are signs of cultural, linguistic, geographical, ethnic and social identity.

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Семантичен модел богатство-бедност на концепта "хляб" в български, руски и гръцки език

Author(s): Emilia Avginova-Nikolova / Language(s): English,Bulgarian,Russian,Greek, Modern (1453-) Publication Year: 0

As designated as signs for second nomination, through its internal form the phraseological units are characterized with their feature to carry more enlarged knowledge and help to make more explicit the peculiarities of its world perception in comparison to the signs of first nomination. The present paper is an attempt the semantic aspect of the phraseological units of the semantic field of the concept „bread” to be analyzed and in particular the phraseological units of the model „wealth-poverty”, which belongs to the same semantic field. It is emphasized the central position of the bread in the linguistic consciousness of Bulgarians, Russians and Greeks, as well as its fundamental role in the culture of these three nations.

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Friendly Hand – Accusing Finger. Metaphors in the Persian Political Discourse

Author(s): Sirma Kostadinova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Subject of this paper are metaphorical linguistic expressions, which reflect the relation between the target domains of NATION and COUNTRY and the source domain of HUMAN BODY in Persian. Media analyses on Iranian policy, speeches, and statements of government officials of the Islamic Republic of Iran are the main source for the research. The corpus of the collected phraseological units is analysed and classified in the light of the Conceptual metaphor theory. Metaphorical linguistic expressions containing the terms 𝑑𝑎𝑠𝑡 “hand”, 𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑜š𝑡 “finger” and 𝑚𝑜š𝑡 “fist” are in the focus of the paper. It discusses the question if Persian political discourse demonstrates features of cultural conceptualisations, providing comparative analysis with English and Bulgarian. It is a part of a broader research on conceptual metaphors in contemporary Persian.

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UTJECAJ OGRANIČENJA SMS PORUKA NA POJAVU I SASTAV IDIOMSKIH SKUPINA

Author(s): Azra Hodžić-Čavkić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Idioms are defined as multi-component, complex, solid lexical connections. Without insight into the different understanding and other categorical features of idioms, their multi-component nature is the starting point of almost all phraseologists. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, we can say that the composition of idioms is motivated by the conceptual metaphor MORE IS BETTER, i.e. MORE WORDS ARE MORE CONTENT – so that idioms must naturally be defined within the framework of spatial resolution since the meaning is expressed by at least two lexical words. In a linear sense, they take up more space than linguistic units indicating primary nomination. On the other hand, SMS, as one of the forms of computer-mediated communication, has its own spatial limitations, which means that the influence of the formal limitations of the SMS should be assumed first of all on the appearance in general and on the frequency of idioms, but the probability that such limitations can be taken into account have an influence on the composition of idioms and the possibility that variants of idioms appear within SMS messages. In this paper, we generally deal with the relationship between idiom groups and SMS in the first SMS corpus of the Bosnian language.

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