„El era Alfa și Omega atunce în Ţara Moldovei” Phraseologien mit Buchstaben des Alphabets und ihre Übersetzung

Author(s): Miorița Ulrich / Language(s): German Issue: 01/2008

Die oben erwähnten Anführungen zeigen eindeutig, dass die von der Übersetzungstheorie zu Unrecht vernachlässigten Phraseologien (und Sprachspiele), die Buchstaben und Buchstabennamen enthalten, in den geschriebenen und gesprochenen Texten und auch in der Übersetzungspraxis doch erstaunlich oft vorkommen und empirische Grenzen der Übersetzung darstellen. Diesem Faktum sollte die Übersetzungstheorie auch entsprechend Rechnung tragen. Auch hoffe ich, dass es mir gelungen ist zu zeigen, wie ungeahnt komplex, auch im Hinblick auf die Übersetzung, die Problematik um diese „cosa che comincia per elle” (=L) – um die Littera – ist.

Les particularités des phraséologismes russes et leur traduction en roumain

Author(s): Sanda Misirianţu / Language(s): French Issue: 01/2008

The present approach is conceived by taking into consideration that the translation of phraseologisms represents an intermediary stage in the identification of the correspondent structures in the second language. The personal observations, inferred from this approach, allow us to assert that, by insisting on the lexical component and syntactic organization of Russian phraseologisms, the students’ assignments with reference to the learning and usage of this type of fixed phrases become much easier to complete.

Analyse contrastive des formes du pronom personnel: roumain - français

Author(s): Maria Rodica Mihulecea / Language(s): French Issue: 23/2016

The similarity between Romanian and French is based on their common origin. (both languages are Romanic ones). Such similarity stimulates the Romanian speakers to learn French in a pleasant way and in a shorter period of time. On the other hand, we cannot ignore that the automatisms from the mother tongue are, in most cases, an obstacle in the process of acquiring the target language, no matter what it is. In the present work, we want to debate upon the morphology of the personal pronouns which is a complex matter. We shall focus upon the similarities and differences between Romanian and French as far as the pronoun matters are concerned. We have pointed out the difficulties the Romanian speakers deal with when they have to find the equivalents for the Romanian personal pronoun in French. We have insisted upon the stressed and the unstressed forms of the personal pronoun and upon its syntactical functions – as subject and object. We have also selected a number of mistakes the Romanian speakers can make under the influence of their mother tongue.

FRAZEMI S BIBLIJSKIM OSOBNIM IMENIMA U NJEMAČKIM I HRVATSKIM RJEČNICIMA

Author(s): Senka Marinčić,Magdalena Ramljak,Darija Glibić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 21/2019

The paper analyzes phrasemes with Biblical proper names as a component in German as the source language and Croatian as the target language, relying on the equivalence typology in the framework of contrastive phraseology. The aim of the paper is to analyze Biblical origin of phrasemes, explain their background, motivation and meaning as well as to determine the level of their equivalence. For collecting materials we used monolingual and bilingual phraseological dictionaries and monolingual and bilingual general dictionaries. According to the expectations, the most dominant are the phrasemes with Biblical proper name as the component, which show partial or full correspondence of the lexeme and morfosyntactic structure with equivalence of phraseological meaning. The unexpected result is a big group of phrasemes that are not recorded in Croatian materials, although literal translations can be found very often in Biblical texts.

Phraseological Units with a Component Designing a Person’s Physical and Mental Condition in Modern German Language: Ideographic Aspects

Author(s): Inna Shymkiv,Anatolii Klymenko,Nataliia Zakordonets / Language(s): English Issue: 1-2/2019

The ideographic description of phraseological units of the language has become a focus of scientific attention in the recent years. The reason for this is that some phraseological microsystems create conditions for compiling dictionaries of ideographic type which do not yet exist. The ideographic field “Person” is fundamental in the system of ideographic dictionaries in any language because phraseology covers those areas of reality that are connected with a person, his/her vision, system of values, psychological peculiarities and physical appearance. The article deals with phraseological units with a component denoting physical and psychological condition of a person in modern German language based on lexicographical resources. In order to substantiate the classification peculiarities of the studied phraseological units, they have all been divided into thematic groups on the basis of semantic and grammatical classes as well as structural and grammatical types.

Petronela SAVIN, Bucate din bătrâni. Frazeologie şi cultură românească, ediţia a doua revăzută

Author(s): Alina Gioroceanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1-2/2019

Frazemikon Avde Međedovića: Ženidba Smailagić Meha iz ugla frazeologije

Author(s): Azra Hodžić-Čavkić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2018

In this work, we have analyzed idiomatic groups found in Ženidba Smailagić Meha by Avdo Međedović. The corpus was taken out of Sandžak's Phraseological Dictionary by Abdulah Mušović. All available idiomatic expressions were set into groups.The most numerous of them, quite expected, is a group of somatic idiomatic groups. We have also introduced idiomatic groups that we have named grafrazemi that are suppose to indicate the process of grammaticalization of a number of verbal idiom. The idiom groups presented by the Sandžak's Phraseology Dictionary by Abdulah Mušović were also part of the corpus. For a certain group of groups, the conceptual analysis method was used because it proved to be the most suitable (zoonotic idiom groups, meta-language idiomatic groups). For the other idiom groups, a purely syntactic criterion, or their syntactic role in the sentence (adverbial idiom groups), was used.The research has shown that a large part of these idiomatic groups are not found in bibliography practice in Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian linguistics practice. This is a signal that Sandžak's dialect has a special way of keeping and creating idioms. We hope that this work (just) opened the door for the research.

SULLA MOTIVAZIONE E SULLA GRAMMATICA DEI MODI DI DIRE IN ITALIANO

Author(s): Snježana Bralić / Language(s): Italian Issue: 4/2011

Nei tempi moderni l’arricchimento di ogni lingua si realizza su due binari: da una parte ci sono i prestiti e la nomenclatura che riflettono lo sviluppo della società umana, dall’altra ci sono le risorse interne della lingua stessa. La fraseologia che serve ad esprimere in modo affettivo la reazione dei parlanti alla realtà immediata che li circonda, aiuta a capire e a spiegare meglio le idee e le opinioni di una collettività linguistica. Il presente lavoro si propone di tracciare il fenomeno della motivazione dei modi di dire e il loro significato, legato strettamente al concetto della cosiddetta “forma interna”. Si è cercato di mettere in evidenza l’importanza delle figure retoriche, che sono motivazione di molti modi di dire e della struttura delle unità fraseologiche che è condizionata anche dal fatto che esse appartengono alla lingua parlata. Occorre segnalare che tutti i mezzi di cui dispone una lingua per rendere la comunicazione più espressiva, nella fraseologia diventano materiale di costruzione per creare nuovi segni linguistici.

A Short Mapping of the Ways of Expressing Agreement in Romanian

Author(s): Violeta DRĂGOIESCU / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2019

This communication represents a section/segment of our doctoral thesis titled Discursive Manifestations of Agreement and Disagreement in the Area of Romanic Languages. Pleading for an Intercultural Paradigm and its objective are to describe certain mechanisms of building the speech in order to show the complexity and importance of this linguistic phenomenon in communication. The speech is one of the preferred domains to apply pragmatic patterns, its analysis guiding us towards certain logic of the actions. Based on/supported by the language, the speech is under the constraint of both constitutive (structural) rules and efficiency principles. In the process of communication, there are at least two factors involved, one of them is that which initiates the action and the other is the beneficiary of the action previously initiated. They can perceive and issue a plethora of constative and performative sentences/utterances. The speech/ discourse analysis is mainly preoccupied with oral speech, especially with natural conversations’ analysis. By natural conversation, we understand any verbal interaction either face-to-face or away from each other (phone, letter, mail, a.s.o.) where situational, contextual, gestural, intonational factors play an important part. The first part of our endeavor/ step will be dedicated to defining and categorizing natural conversation (face-to-face), gestural communication and in the second part of our communication we shall describe and analyze the discourse markers of agreement and disagreement in the Romanian language, insisting also upon the consistency of the text, as an essential element in constructing, issuing and processing the information.

Repere identitare în frazeologia slovacă

Author(s): Marilena Felicia Luță (Țiprigan) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2019

Our paper is based on the indissoluble relationship between individual identity, cultural identity, language determinism, cultural collective memory, linguistic memory and phraseology. The methodological approach is derived from professor Dolník's theory of cultural identity as a set of mentefacts, sociofacts, and artifacts. Mentefacts consist in thoughts, opinions, beliefs, values, prejudices, stereotypes, and myths about the social hierarchy, justice, the meaning of life and death, morality, the relationship between the individual and the group to which they belong. Sociofacts represent institutions in terms of social anthropology and cultural sociology, they are structures operating in different areas of social life. Artifacts are the cultural constructions as part of civilization. In this equation, language as part of culture and implicitly part of identity becomes an instrument, by which people can interpret the world they live in, which leads to linguistic determinism. In addition, the components of the cultural identity overlap not only with the stages of individual language development, but also with the stages of phrasemes' development. Based on the relationship between individual identity, cultural collective identity, language determinism, and phrasemes' development, considering that cultural memory involves language memory, we can infer that identity-related issues are faithfully reflected in phraseology. It also applies to Slovak, a Slavic flective language, whose phraseology reflects elements of their identity.

Exprimarea prostiei în frazeologia română și bulgară

Author(s): Cristina-Andreea Radu-Bejenaru / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2019

The present paper proposes the approach of several Romanian and Bulgarian idioms from a cognitive and cultural perspective. The idioms under consideration are part of our selected corpus of one hundred phrasemes expressing negative moral traits. Our article begins with a theoretical framework in which we review the main theories we operate with (such as Doborovol’skij and Piirainen’s, Sharifian’s, Ionescu’s) and continues with the actual semantic analysis of the idioms.

Limbă, cultură, mentalitate: politici financiare reflectate în frazeologia românească

Author(s): Monica Geanina Coca / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2019

The ways of managing property right during different historical periods is reflected in the economic, political and legal mentality of each people. That fact found its expression in historical languages as well. The present paper investigates the stable constructions, i.e. language facts which passed the test of time, thus displaying themselves as a record of the mental changes concerning the acquisition and alienation of goods.

Utjecaj srednjeg vijeka na njemačku frazeologiju

Author(s): Belma Polić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 15/2020

Obwohl Phraseologie eine sehr junge linguistische Disziplin ist, die sich erste Ende des 20. Jahrhunderts etabliert hat, ist eine große Anzahl von deutschen Phrasemen, die auch heute verwendet werden, im Mittelalter entstanden. Dieser Artikel wird sich gerde mit dem Einfluss des Mittelalters auf die deutsche Phraseologie beschäftigen. Es werden die häufigsten Phraseme analysiert, die im Mittelalter enstanden sind und heute noch verwendet werden, ihre Enstehung, als auch ihre Semantik.

Pour un traitement fonctionnel des expressions idiomatiques

Author(s): Mohammed Jadir / Language(s): French Issue: 13/2020

This article sets to account for two little explored phenomena in the functional framework and in linguistics more generally: lexicalization and idioms, where the former is an instance of the latter.The examination of lexicalization by the Markedness Shift Principle proposed by Dik (1978, 1980) was carried out in three stages : (a) the derivation of metaphorical expressions, (b) the lexicalization of metaphors, and (c) the de-idiomatization of idioms. In the first stage, we noticed that the bi-modular analysis accounting for the literal and metaphorical sense of idioms, is no longer possible in the context of Functional Discourse Grammar (FDG) framework (Hengeveld &Mackenzie (2008) that does not consider a Logic Module (Dik, 1989). For the second stage, we established idioms classification based on their degree of idiomacy by using two approaches: (1) a psycho-logic approach which results in a Accessibility Hierarchy to Lexicalization based on the dichotomy between proximal idiomatic expressions (non-decomposable) and distal idiomatic expressions (decomposable) and (2) a formal approach which results in a tripartite typology of idioms through revision, extension and application (into Arabic and French) of criteria proposed by Keizer (2016) in a compositional perspective. In the third stage, through a compositional perspective, we proposed a re-reading of expressions called ‘hybrids’ which lead to an analysis of this type of constructions as part of a category of motivated idioms that are not decomposable, and allow for certain changes. Finally, we accounted for the idioms phenomenon in the FDG framework (Hengeveld & Mackenzie, 2008 and 2011). The representation of idioms from typologically different languages (English, French and Arabic) and their unification confirm the typological adequacy of the theoretical assumptions of the functional model.

SZÁMNEVET TARTALMAZÓ FRAZEOLÓGIAI EGYSÉGEK A SZERB ÉS A MAGYAR NYELVBEN

Author(s): Edit Andrić,Dušanka Zvekić Dušanović / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2020

A tanulmányban olyan szerb frazeológiai egységek kerülnek feldolgozásra, amelyeknek számnévi alaptagjuk van, azzal a céllal, hogy megkeressük magyar nyelvű ekvivalenseiket, illetve hiányukban szó szerinti fordítást adunk. Ezenkívül a szólások néhány szemantikai jellemzőjére is rámutatunk, amelyek alapján csoportokba soroljuk őket. Az elemzés alapján azt a következtetést lehet levonni, hogy léteznek szólások, amelyek formájuk és jelentésük tekintetében mindkét nyelvben megegyeznek, de vannak olyanok is, amelyeknél a lexikai szerkezet módosul, illetve olyan szerb frazémák is előfordulnak, amelyeknek nincs megfelelőjük a magyarban.

О роли освоенности коллокаций в процессе их идиоматизации (на материале немецкого языка)

Author(s): Daniil Andreyevich Bakhmatov / Language(s): Russian Issue: 5/2020

The interpretation of the concept of idiomatization and the related concept of phraseologization was performed by analyzing the process of metaphorical reinterpretation of the collocation (a phraseological unit with partial reinterpretation) resulting in the formation of an idiom (a phraseological unit with a high degree of reinterpretation). In this paper, idiomatization is regarded as the process of reinterpretation of a collocation. The interpretation of the concepts of idiomatization and phraseologization was clarified. The object of research is German idioms, which emerged from collocations that have undergone a semantic shift. Common collocations do not always undergo the reinterpretation process. Therefore, there is no direct dependence between their idiomatization and usage frequency. In addition, language unobservability does not always provide an accurate image of the diachronic changes that a particular collocation is subject to. In this regard, the question was raised about the relationship between the concepts of development and reproducibility (frequency) of a collocation. The high relevance of the research is due to the need to understand idiomatization in the light of both corpus linguistics and language philosophy. The purpose of the study is to define the role played by the development of a collocation in the process of idiomatization. To solve this problem, a diachronistic approach was used during the research. The accumulation of reproducibility changes over the collocation history was interpreted as development. The process of collocation idiomatization was considered as a qualitative-quantitative transition: the degree of development of the collocation (the result of quantitative changes) can become the basis for its transition to an idiom (qualitative change). The paper is intended for specialists in the field of diachronic phraseology of the German language, general linguistics, corpus linguistics, and philosophy of language.

Bácskai vonatkozások Margalits Ede korai frazémagyűjteményében

Author(s): Ilona Rajsli / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3/2015

Ede Margalits’s Bácskai közmondások és szólásmódok (Proverbs and Idioms from Bácska) was published in Baja in 1877, and this publication was the forerunner of the author’s later monumental volumes of proverbs and idioms. This small, early collection indicates the professional and scholarly attitude of Margalits when focusing on the compilation of phrasemes. In the introduction the author presents the relevant principles of compiling and editing he is guided by, outlining at the same time the vision of a nation-wide collection. Unlike his practice in the later volumes, the idioms follow each other in strict alphabetic order in this early publication, and thus there are no key words in it. In this study, alongside presenting this volume of phrasemes from Bácska, we endeavour to highlight the distinctive local features of the idioms with regional attachment: such as dialectal phenomena, the occurrence of dialectal words, toponyms in idiomatic expressions, the presence of anecdotal phrasemes related to a place and the diversity of ethnic stereotypes. Margalits, just like János Erdélyi, also explains the less familiar phrasemes, and in the cases of the local ones tells of the event (real or alleged) which set off the phraseme, enriching thus with a great number of very valuable – local – anecdotes the local and cultural history of the region.

МАКЕДОНСКО-ПОЛСКИ ПАРАЛЕЛИ ВО ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЈАТА

Author(s): Veselinka Labroska,Ljiljana Gushevska / Language(s): Macedonian Issue: 2/2016

The point of interest of this article is the contrastive review of the idioms in the Macedonian and Polish languages. Due to the notable volume of the materials available, the analysis shall be limited to examples of two different lexemes of somatic phraseology heart (serce/srce) and soul (dusza/dusha), such as (coś) leży (komuś) na sercu / mu lezhi na srce; (kogoś) boli serce / srceto go boli. Our intention is to delve into the semantic aspect of the idioms, their structure, as well as their stylistic marking and, especially, to present those which are both semantic and lexic-structural equivalent. The goal of this comparative methodology is to show the degree of commonness of these idioms in a typical representative corpus of the Macedonian and Polish phraseology.

A XVI‒XVII. századi szomatikus frazémák szerkezeti és szemantikai vizsgálata

Author(s): Ilona Rajsli / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2016

It comes from the anthropomorphic nature of language that names denoting parts of the body are often found as the key-word of phrasemes (somatic phraseologisms), and since this type of phrasemes can be found among the earliest collections of phrases and idioms, their study is also significant from diachronous aspect. The study examines types of meaning change among 17th–18th century somatic phraseologisms. There are a great number and varied wordings of phrasemes containing body parts, and we are making an attempt at defining the phenomena and the types of changes, and also, at describing features beyond certain semantic phenomena generally characteristic of Hungarian phrasemes. Our study encompasses interrelations between structural and semantic changes, e.g. paradigmatic relationships between phraseological units, changes of the key-word and phraseological synonymy and antonymy. The change of valence relationship can also bring about changes of meaning; in the analyzed early texts the process of phraseologization happens parallel to the transition from concrete to abstract, during which metaphorization plays the key role. The basis for the corpus study are texts written by Gáspár Heltai, Péter Bornemisza, István Magyari and Péter Pázmány.

The figurative idioms of English, German and Kazakh in contrast

Author(s): Nurkesh Zeynullovna Zhumanbekova,Yevgeniya Victorovna Bentyaa,Anargul Dzharbulova / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2018

This article discusses the figurative phraseological units, namely, the idioms of English, German and Kazakh languages in comparative aspect. It appeals to the phraseology of imagery due to the fact that the imagery—a defining component of semantic derivation and semantics of phraseological units in particular. The main goal is to make a contribution to the theory of phraseology, based on the tradition of comparative phraseology. Also, a brief review of domestic and foreign publications in the field of comparative phraseology is done and the article describes the results of practical analysis of idioms in three languages. The main features of the analysed units are multi-component structure, stability, idiomaticity that distinguishes them from other expressions. They can be interpreted in two different conceptual levels: literal sense and figurative sense. In the analysis are used the method of field simulation. The study aims to identify and develop a model describing visual images as elements of the cognitive system.