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LANGUAGE PORTRAIT OF MOTIVATIONAL SPEAKER

Author(s): Iryna Kryknitska / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2020

The article deals with language portrait of motivational speaker. The purpose of the study is to try to give description of such language personality, create his language portrait based on analysis of language means abundant in motivational speeches. The methodology of our study comprises scientific methods and tools applicable to investigating language portrait of the studied type of speaker, particularly semantic and structural analysis. We use the term language personality in the sense of referring to one individual of a certain language community who has a particular set of language skills and qualities. Language personality is thought by us in two aspects: 1) as a characteristic of a certain individuality; 2) as description of typical personality. The article supports the idea of language personality of motivational speaker as such manifesting himself in speech, having knowledge, charisma, ability to persuade. Whereas language portrait of motivational speaker is an organized structure comprising linguistic, personal and psychological factors. While building language portrait we have analyzed communicative type of motivational speaker, defined reinforcing vocabulary, grammar and syntax, described aspects of motivational speeches, investigated the elements and techniques of speech.

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Roman Mikuláš (ed.): Metaphernforschung in interdisziplinären und interdiskursiven Perspektiven

Author(s): Johannes D. Kaminski / Language(s): German Issue: 4/2021

Review of: Roman Mikuláš (ed.): Metaphernforschung in interdisziplinären und interdiskursiven Perspektiven [Metaphor research in interdisciplinary and interdiscursive perspectives] Leiden – Paderborn: Brill/mentis, 2020. 457 p. ISBN 978-3-95743-190-5

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BIOMORPHIC METAPHOR IN THE ENGLISH VETERINARY TERMINOLOGY

Author(s): Valery Lashkul,Yurii Rozhkov / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

The article represents the results of metaphorization research and the study of metaphor terms widely represented in the English veterinary medicine terminology. The study of metaphorization as a way of forming English veterinary terms was conducted on the basis of lexicographic data recorded in the English terminological dictionaries for veterinary medicine. The analysis of the dictionary material made it possible to conclude that the most productive way of forming terms in the veterinary vocabulary is the biomorphic metaphor, which nominates scientific concepts due to the analogy between objects of living nature and systems of objects of veterinary science. The important role of the biomorphic metaphor in the formation, structuring and functioning of veterinary medicine terminology in combination with the high productivity of metaphorical models in modern veterinary medicine testifies to the relevance of our research. The biomorphic metaphor is based on similarity with living nature: humans, plants, animals. Biomorphic metaphors include botanical, zoomorphic and anthropomorphic metaphors. An anthropomorphic metaphor, formed on the basis of the transfer of lexemes related to the structure of the human body, its behavior, its inherent qualities, is especially common in the veterinary vocabulary. Along with anthropomorphic metaphors, zoomorphic metaphors are often found, which, by association with various animals, make it possible to nominate anatomical and pathological objects and their characteristics. Botanical metaphors, formed due to the correlation of terms with representatives of the plant world and parts of plants, dominate the anatomical terminology of veterinary medicine, since the basis of metaphorical transfer is the external features of the object: shape, size, position in space.

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Le Rôle d’une Écoute Efficace dans le Processus de Communication Organisationnelle

Author(s): Cristina Loredana Bloju / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2024

Au sein de toute organisation, la communication est un processus essentiel par lequelon échange des messages et des informations afin d'atteindre les buts et objectifsplanifiés, au niveau institutionnel. Aussi, le processus de communication est l'élémentfondamental qui sous-tend la fonction managériale de coordination, facilitantl'intervention des managers afin de synchroniser et d'harmoniser les actions desmembres de l'organisation. Les messages et les informations communiqués fontl'objet d'un processus d'interprétation et de décodage réalisés par chaque membrede l'organisation, qui vise à évaluer et à sélectionner les données pertinentes, afind'obtenir une réduction de l’incertitudes quant à la compréhension et à laconnaissance de la mission et des objectifs promus par l’institution. La source de laplupart des problèmes de communication réside dans la différence entre le contenudu message ou l’impact que le manager entend transmettre et la manière dont lesautres membres de l’organisation le reçoivent. C'est pourquoi, on considère quedéterminer une écoute efficace, dans le processus de communicationorganisationnelle, représente un élément essentiel pour la bonne compréhension del'échange de messages et, implicitement, pour atteindre les objectifsinstitutionnellement assumés.

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სტილისტური მარკერები XXI საუკუნის ინგლისურენოვან საპრეზიდენტო დისკურსში

Author(s): Nino Tavidashvili / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 7/2023

The aim of the paper is to analyze the peculiarities of the use of stylistic devices in the dominant political discourse of the last two decades, in particular, the presidential English-language discourse, which represents a strongly argumentative type of discourse. The significance of the research is determined by the growing interest of researchers in the phenomenon of political communication and its mechanisms and the importance of an in-depth study of these mechanisms. Political discourse is a complex system of correlated linguistic and sociocultural signs aimed at influencing the audience. A specific social and cultural environment determines the choice of stylistic devices while constructing the political discourse. There is a wide variety of stylistic devices. Each of them has a special persuasive power since it synthesizes linguistic, cognitive and pragmatic competences with regard to culture, history and ideology, effectively enabling politicians to create the desired public opinion and emotional background, to influence the intelligence and will of the audience members. By analyzing the addresses of American presidents of the aforementioned period, the main stylistic devices observed in the research material (metaphor, comparison, epithet, periphrasis, personification, hyperbole, metonymy, parallel syntactic constructions, antithesis, allusion) and the specifics of their functionality are presented. We defined the main models of stylistic devices, the frequency of use; We made their content-thematic classification and pragmatic interpretation. The wide range of stylistic markers used by the country's most successful politicians when conveying different types of political messages indicates the high oratorical art of the politicians.

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АРМЯНСКИЕ ДИАЛЕКТЫ СМЕШАННОГО СПОСОБА ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

Author(s): Gayane Gevorgyan / Language(s): Russian Issue: 8/2024

The dialects of the Armenian language are characterized by a mixed way of forming the present tense. When forming present, these dialects use morphological means characteristic of different dialect branches. Dialects endowed with similar features are usually called intergroup. The identification of intergroup dialects is dictated by the traditional morphological principle of classification in Armenian dialectology, according to which the main feature of the Um branch is the ending –um of participial forms of the imperfective form, which form the present in the dialects belonging to this branch, the distinctive feature of the S branch is the ending –s, and the L branch is ending of the infinitive. Specific to dialects of affixal formation is the addition of some particle to the participial present forms of grabar. The existence of dialects of a mixed mode of present formation should be explained by the mutual influence of dialects of different branches, mixing, synthesis of dialect units with different particles. As a result of this, the ancient forms of the present functioned in parallel with the newly formed forms, and this process did not occur immediately, but gradually.

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სინონიმური პარალელიზმის სტილური ფუნქცია ოთარ ჩხეიძის ,,ბერმუდის სამკუთხედის“ მიხედვით

Author(s): Eka Khanishvili / Language(s): Georgian Issue: 9/2024

It is not easy to talk about the stylistic function of synonymous parallelism of the writer, especially if the writer has a special attitude towards language. There are several writers in Georgian literature, whose writings we recognize momentarily. It is impossible not to recognize Otar Chkheidze, whose language style is completely outstanding. The Georgian language is quite rich in expressive and stylistic means. Their use was gradually formed and improved throughout the history of the language. One of the sources of stylistic means is lexical and grammatical synonymics, which is a manifestation of the richness and flexibility of the language vocabulary. It is important to accurately select a synonymous word, draw and describe a concept or event, this is already art. The present work discusses the stylistic function of Otar Chkheidze's novel “ synonymous parallelism of the Bermuda Triangle, in particular, attention is focused on samples of both handle, verb and noun synonymous parallelism.

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SUPOSTAVNA RAŠČLAMBA POLOŽAJA PRIDJEVNOGA ATRIBUTA U SUVREMENOME TALIJANSKOM U ODNOSU NA SUVREMENI HRVATSKI JEZIK

Author(s): Damir Mišetić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2018

Although typology linguistics categorizes clearly both Italian and Croatian into the same group of languages that have SVO order of the basic syntactic units, and although both languages have a relatively free word order, there are some significant differences that have to be pointed out. There are clear rules for these word order differences or at least tendencies, so that Italian language be easier for the Croatian speakers and Italian texts more comprehensive. The position of attributive adjective in relation to the noun is different in the two languages so that we believe this topic should be further discussed as it deserves a much larger attention than it was the case earlier. For the speakers of Croatian language it is of high importance to point out the different meaning and the stylistic value of the adjectives in Italian depending on the position of the adjective in front of the noun or behind it, on the position of two or more adjectives and on the position of the words that Italian grammarians traditionally call adjectives, which is not the case with Croatian grammarians. This paper aims at contributing to the development of linguistic competence and to a better and more complete comprehension of modern Italian texts as well as artistic and literature texts and their composition. It discusses influences of the change of syntactic units order (ie order of the attributive adjectives) onto their semantics.

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O HERCEGOVAČKIM KREMATONIMIMA

Author(s): Irina Budimir,Josipa Šunjić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2019

The paper discusses the motivation of chrematonyms in the Federation of B&H and especially in the cantons with the Croatian speaking majority – in the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton and in the West Herzegovina Canton. The data were taken from the data base of the registered craftsman and catering services, educational institutions, shops and companies based in these cantons of the Federation of B&H. All together 225 names in Herzegovina-Neretva Canton were analysed plus 141 name in West Herzegovina Canton. The analysis has shown that the chrematonyms are mostly motivated by personal name, most frequently by the name of the owner, antroponym as well as by common nouns. The largest influence of foreign names from English language was noted in the category „fitness center“ and „dance schools“, whereas the smallest influence was noticed in the category of educational institutions. Italian language has the largest influence on the analysed chrematonyms for the flower shops and bakeries.

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STILSKE OSOBITOSTI POSITIONES FRA BAZILIJA PANDŽIĆA

Author(s): Luciana Boban,Josip Grubeša,Jelena Jurčić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2020

Fr. Bazilije Pandžić, a Bosnian and Herzegovinian historian, archivist and philologist, is well known for his excellent and refined expression in Latin language. He wrote in Latin language historical reviews, annals and postiones(positions), i.e. reports about life of some persons with the purpose of their beatification or canonization (about Nikola Tavelić, Beatrice de Silva and Liberat Weiss). Positions, despite their strict form, have quite a lot of biographical elements, which makes them stylistically richer than scientific historical works. They allow the author more stylistic freedom and creativity. We shall take Pandžić’s position about Nikola Tavelić (1961) as a representative work for his prose expression in Latin language, since it is his only position completely written in Latin. The paper analyzes stylistic characteristics of position, its purpose, structure and content. The paper aims at reaching an insight into the excellence of Pandžić’s Latin prose expression as well as linguistic and stylistic processes that influence it. Based on the analysis of his „positio“ we come to the conclusion that in addition to Pandžić’s features as a historian, scientist and professional, the features of a crafty Latin scholar are also visible.

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FONOLOŠKE OSOBITOSTI ŠIROKOBRIJEŠKOGA GOVORA NA PODRUČJU SELA LJUBOTIĆI, KOČERIN, POTKRAJ, CRNE LOKVE I MOKRO

Author(s): Mario Pinjuh,Marija Vukoja Mikulić,Josipa Šunjić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 1/2022

The paper analzyes a part of phonological linguistic features of the speech of Široki Brijeg, a city in West Herzegovina. The speech of Široki Brijeg belongs to the western, Neo-Shtokavian Ikavian dialect. Linguistic material that was used in the research is a recording of Široki Brijeg speech in the villages Ljubotići, Kočerin, Potkraj, Crne Lokve and Mokro collected with a recorder from April till June 2020. The paper aims at showing the basic features of Ikavian speech of the Široki Brijeg area as well as emphasising some of the phonological features.

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SPRACHE IN DEUTSCHEN HIPHOP-LIEDTEXTEN IM KONTEXT DES SPRACHKONTAKTES

Author(s): Nikolina Pandža / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2022

Diese Arbeit hat sich zum Ziel gesetzt, auf die Hip-Hop-Sprache in deutschen Liedtexten näher einzugehen. Da dieses Musikgenre amerikanischen Ursprungs ist und unter dem Einfluss der US-Musikszene steht, werden englische Wörter entlehnt und in die Texte miteingebaut. Neben diesen sind Entlehnungen und Fremdwörter aus dem Türkischen, Arabischen sowie einigen slawischen Sprachen als Folge des Sprachgebrauchs von Hip-Hoppern mit Migrationshintergrund zu verzeichnen. Der dadurch resultierende Sprachkontakt weist Formen wie Codeswitching auf, welche in Anlehnung an kontaktlinguistische Ansätze in der Arbeit näher erläutert werden. Nebenbei werden im theoretischen Teil auch Einblicke in die geschichtliche Entwicklung des Hip-Hops und seine Bedeutung für die Jugendkultur und Jugendsprache gewährleistet. Als Untersuchungsgrundlage ziehen wir das Korpus vier ausgesuchter ausgesuchter Liedtexte von deutschen Künstlern mit Migrationshintergrund heran, deren Profile in Kurzform vorgestellt werden. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung liegt die semantische Erläuterung von Entlehnungen / Fremdwörtern im Rahmen des Codewechsels. Nebenbei werden die von Hip-Hop-Künstlern gebrauchten Sprachelemente (Eigennamen, Markenartikel, Brand-Abkürzungen) sowie Stilfiguren (Hyperbel, Sarkasmus Metapher usw.) bezüglich der bearbeiteten Thematik (sozialpolitische Problematik, Identitätsfindung, Prahlerei, Gewalt, Homophobie) beschrieben.

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TERMINOLOŠKI ASPEKTI MEDICINSKOGA NAZIVLJA – IZMEĐU NORME I UPORABE

Author(s): Anamarija Gjuran-Coha,Tajana Tomak / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 2/2023

Medical terminology is the primary instrument for transmitting information between physicians and patients and between physicians themselves. Every terminology strives for standardization, which implies harmonization according to the principle of uniformity, systematicity and integration into the Croatian language system. LSP is subject to norms, and the creation of terminology should consider certain principles. Standardized terms as well as “ad hoc” created terms which are there sult of naming new consept or object are used in medical communication. Aiming at the standardization of terminology, the project Struna was started. Two medical terminologies, anatomical and physiological, have been standardized so far as well as the terminology of ophtalmology, pharmacology and stomatology. Other medical terminologies still represents a challenge to professionals-doctors and linguists. The aim of this paperis to explore terminological dilemmas which are presentin medical language. This corpus based research willtry to give solutions for same terminological questions uncertain ties presentin medical publications.

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Diskriminacija lietuvių kalboje ir kultūroje

Author(s): Irena Smetonienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 97/2024

Following the methodology of the Lublin School of Ethnolinguistics, the article focuses on the concept of discrimination, examining it in terms of what it means to Lithuanians. The study is based on Lithuanian lexicographic data, material from various texts, and the results of a young people’s survey. The aim is to identify what Lithuanians think when they use the lexeme discrimination in speech or writing and what new shades of meaning emerge in the context. Based on data from all three levels, a cognitive definition of the concept is provided in the synthetic analysis.

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Sarah E. Duffy & Michele I. Feist. Time, Metaphor, and Language. A Cognitive Science Perspective

Author(s): Inesa Šeškauskienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 77/2024

Review of: Sarah E. Duffy & Michele I. Feist. Time, Metaphor, and Language. A Cognitive Science Perspective. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2023, pp. 190, ISBN 978-1-107-19403-8.

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Metonymy in climate change discourse by King Charles III: A cognitive-linguistic perspective

Author(s): Oleksandr Kapranov / Language(s): English Issue: 77/2024

The current British monarch King Charles III is a staunch supporter of climate change mitigation (O’Neill et al. 2013, 413). Whereas he has delivered numerous speeches on climate change both domestically and internationally, currently, however, there are no studies that investigate his speeches on the issue of climate change through a linguistic lens in general and through a cognitive-linguistic prism in particular. Furthermore, there seems to be no published research on such a ubiquitous cognitive-linguistic device as metonymy (Hart 2011) in his speeches on climate change. In order to address the gap in scholarship, the article presents a study that aims to identify the types of metonymy in a corpus of speeches on climate change delivered by King Charles III. The corpus was analysed qualitatively by means of applying a cognitive-linguistic approach to metonymy developed by Radden and Kövecses (1999). The results of the corpus analysis revealed the presence of the following types of metonymy, namely (i) place for a climate changerelated event, (ii) place for a climate change-related activity, (iii) place for the government involved in a climate change-related activity, (iv) the generic company name for an actor involved in a climate change-related activity, (v) the specific company name for an actor involved in a climate change-related activity, (vi) the defining property of the category “climate change actor” for the whole category, and (vii) the defining property of the category “climate change goals” for the whole category. The findings are further discussed and illustrated in the article.

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Okazionaliųjų posakių retorinės išgalės paveikiajame reklamos diskurse

Author(s): Skirmantė Biržietienė,Viltė Nausėdaitė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 19/2024

The purpose of the research is to discuss the rhetorical value of occasional expressions in Lithuanian social issue advertising (SIA). Combining rhetorical discourse analysis and interpretation techniques, the aim was to identify which occasional expressions are used to actualize the realities of the present day, to solve social problems, also to convey the needs and attitudes of society. Occasional expressions are studied as instruments that fulfill the communicative intentions of the addressee and create the persuasiveness of the discourse. The analysis showed that occasional expressions are used to highlight persistent problems that are accepted as a norm by society. It is common to recreate those expressions that are well established in the linguistic consciousness of the addressee, are associated with cultural tradition, have become a marker of identity, and therefore function as a verified argument.

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Leksiniai veiksmažodžiai lietuvių sakytiniame akademiniame diskurse: dėstytojų pozicijos švelninimas humanitarinių ir socialinių mokslų seminaruose

Author(s): Greta Maslauskienė / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 19/2024

This study investigates the use of lexical verbs as hedging devices in Lithuanian academic discourse, based on data from the VuSemCorp corpus, which comprises seminar texts from the humanities (philosophy, literature, linguistics) and social sciences (sociology, political science, communication studies). The analysis focuses on the frequency, semantic categories, and pragmatic functions of lexical verbs in lecturers’ speech. Findings reveal that lecturers strategically employ lexical verbs to acknowledge alternative interpretations, soften criticism and directives, and demonstrate politeness. Hedging their utterances enables lecturers to adopt the role of guides or facilitators rather than authoritarian figures, thereby cultivating an open, interactive, and collaborative learning environment. An interdisciplinary perspective highlights that the use of lexical verbs for hedging varies by discipline. Sociology, linguistics, and philosophy demonstrated the highest frequency and diversity of hedging verbs. Lecturers in these fields showed a pronounced tendency to soften statements using first-person singular and plural forms, marking their subjective opinions and sharing interpretative responsibility with students. This linguistic strategy reflects a stronger emphasis on engaging students in co-constructing knowledge specific to these disciplines. Additionally, this article emphasizes the roles of (inter)subjectivity, politeness, and speaker commitment in the relatively understudied domain of Lithuanian spoken academic discourse. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how hedging shapes communication dynamics in academic settings.

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Uloga kategorije lica u diskursnoj samoreprezentaciji govornika

Author(s): Marina Katnić-Bakaršić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1/2025

The paper investigates how the category of person is used as a means by which the speaker represents himself/ herself in discourse. Structural stylistics has already explored the so-called synonymy, i.e. transposition of person and its functions in texts. By combining the stylistic approach and CDA, the paper investigates semantic, stylistic and ideological effects of different forms of person for discourse self-representation of the speaker.

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Visual and Verbal Representation of the PLAY Metaphor in Latvian Political Cartoons

Author(s): Anna Kalve,Elīna Veinberga / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

The article’s theoretical framework is set in cognitive linguistics and stylistics. It explores the progressing domain of metaphor research, which has expanded substantially since the 1970s, notably in investigating visual and multimodal metaphors in the last twenty years. The article aims to study the visual and verbal representation of the PLAY metaphor in Latvian political cartoons, applying conceptual metaphor theory. The need for this study arises from the limited understanding of the metaphorical thought of PLAY in the Latvian language and culture. The main research question studies the formation of the PLAY metaphor by distinguishing the conceptual mappings of game categories described by Roger Caillois – Agon, Alea, and Mimicry. The metaphor identification procedure of four stages – recognition, verification, comprehension, and interpretation – proposed by Anita Naciscione in 2001, is applied in case studies. The main findings highlight the cultural significance of the PLAY metaphor in Latvian thought, language and culture. The main conclusions demonstrate that every type of game category forms a distinct group of conceptual mappings, illustrating the sustainable nature of the metaphorical thought of PLAY. The original contribution of this study lies in its comprehensive analysis of the PLAY metaphor, providing insights into metaphorical thought in human perception and understanding in cognitive linguistics.

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