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Imperfekat u djelu Isaka Samokovlije

Author(s): Stevan Stefanović / Language(s): Croatian,Serbian Issue: 2/1983

Dans ce travail on a etudie le fonctionnement de l'imparfait – sur le plan syntaxique et stylistique – dans l'oeuvre d'Isak Samokovlija, conteur contemporain de Bosnie-Herzegovine. Sur 1300 pages de texte on a trouve 112 exemples d'imparfait, dont 40 du verbe etre et 72 touts les autres verbes. Le corpus analyse a fait voir que cette forme est en vole de disparition, ce qui est conforme a l'etat actuel du serbocroate. On a aussi constate que l'imparfait est une des formes des plus expressives dans l'oeuvre d'Isak Samokovlija.

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I lektori griješe

Author(s): Velimir Laznibat / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 4/1980

Pisan je ovaj rad sa lektorskog gledišta i iz iskustva. U njemu se bavim pogreškama koje lektori propuštaju i kojih, na žalost, nije mali broj. Zato je ovaj napis praktične naravi. Mada je »bavljenje« jezikom apstraktna djelatnost, lektorski je rad konkretan posao. To je razlog više da ovaj napis bude konkretan, s primjerima.

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La critique de cinéma comme outil rhétorique de persuasion

Author(s): Dominika Topa-Bryniarska / Language(s): French Issue: 5/2019

The purpose of this paper is to examine emotional argumentation in the context of discursive strategies of persuasion, exploiting the rhetorical parameters of movere and delectare that govern the persuasive enterprise rooted in the deliberative dimension of film reviews. Based on one hundred reviews of three French popular comedies the author proposes to identify linguistic units related to the principle of affective and conative assignment of intensifying attribution and identification. Thus it is possible to lock the addressee in the discursive universe created by the addresser, which in many respects resembles the techniques used in the advertising argumentation.

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LA MÉTAPHORE COMME FIGURE D’EXPRESSION DU CONFLIT RACIAL DANS LA CROIX DU SUD DE JOSEPH NGOUÉ

Author(s): Omer Takam / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2018

This article deals with metaphor seen as the key figure at the core of the process of meaning generation concerning the conflict that opposes the black race to the white one in The Southern Cross. The figure takes on various expressive configurations in expressing the danger speakers of both races face, each one appearing dangerous, able to destroy their adversary. The Black use it to unveil the monstrous inhumanity of the White towards them, while the White employ it to portray the Black as a worthless human being. The clash of the two races allows us to perceive the black victory and their possible freedom from the white chain. This is the meaning intended to be provided by this study through a stylistic approach.

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MYTHE ET MÉTAPHORE DANS L’ÉCRITURE DE SYLVIE GERMAIN

Author(s): Crina-Magdalena Zărnescu / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2018

Drawing on Borges’s idea, according to which man compensates the limits of reason in an effort to understand the most intimate mechanisms of existence through imagination, which creates myths and symbols, this paper aims at analyzing the metaphor which Sylvie Germain builds in her poetic novel Le Livre des Nuits. Metaphor is the ingredient of an alchemical writing supposed to catch the movement of ideas and feelings facing an aggressive and compelling reality. Metaphor is with Sylvie Germain a source of mythical innovation in the sense that it recalibrates the ancient myths in modern times' terms. If we were to define Germain’s metaphor by its sensory, pathos, esthetic and axiological traits, then we would turn to two of her works which help us see through it the “colours of the invisible” and hear the “echoes of silence” of her writing.

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Elipsa si bazë e emërzimit kontekstual të mbiemrit në gjuhën shqipe

Author(s): Leonard Dauti / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 03-04/2016

In this article we offer a different approach from the prescriptive one of the traditional grammar to the case of the first group of nominalised adjectives in Albanian. Our main goal is to explain how the process of contextual nominalisation is realised and under which syntactic restrictions it takes place. To get nominalised an adjective must be in attributive relation to the noun inside a DP, and the noun itself must be object of ellipsis. In this case the adjective itself moves to the Do position of DP to join there the definite or indefinite determiner. This leads to a hybrid construction, in which the adjective has joined the endings of the name, its paradigmatic inflection. This construction can be subject of the sentence, complement, object and prepositional complement. The adjective can be modified by comparative adverbs (më i madhi “the bigger”) which is an indication of its adjectival status, while the modification by adjectives and relative clauses is an indication of noun status (i vogli i qethur shkurt, e madhja që rrinte ulur). This construction is obtained in discourse, so we have to take in consideration textual factors that influence the process of nominalisation. In this hybrid construction the determiner establishes the anaphoric relation of the adjective to the noun. This is obligatory to maintain the continuity of the textual reference and to provide the semantic structure of the sentence. We see the nominalization of adjectives as an obligatory process dictated by the needs of the discourse, and not as an optional phenomenon used just for stylistic purposes. The model of adjective nominalisation described in this article is also convenient for describing the process of possessive pronouns nominalisation in Albanian, which happens under the same syntactic conditions.

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Nieetyczna, niegrzeczna czy nieregulaminowa komunikacja? Poszukiwanie kryteriów oceny wypowiedzi poselskich

Author(s): Iwona Benenowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 6/2019

The text is devoted to an analysis of statements uttered by Members of Parliament (MPs). The source of the material was some records of the Committee for MPs Ethics meetings published on the website of the Sejm Office of the 8th terms (as of 10 January till 14 June 2018 (no 56)). The aim of the paper is an attempt at delineating norms as well as finding out ways of qualifying communication that breaches certain rules. The description of sample statements is embedded in the research paradigm of communicativism and axiological linguistics. The analysis has been organized as follows: introduction, characteristics of the material, presenting a set of rules that make a point of reference for the analyses under investigation, a description of the research method, and, finally, the presentation of select samples and conclusions. On the basis of the study it has been observed that the examined statements, questioned by the addressees, sometimes make reference to reality on a general level, with the use of negatively charged labels, concern unverified contents and, frequently, besmirch the political opponent's good name.

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ODGOJNI ASPEKTI U KUR’ANSKIM POREĐENJIMA

Author(s): Nedžad Ćeman / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 77/2019

This article relates about the similes, “the most beautiful figures of speech”, and their use in the Qur’an-al-kareem. The first part of the article offers a comprehensive definition of simile where all its variations on the basis of various differences are also explained. The main part of the article gives a list of the Qur’anic examples of five most significant types of similes: simple, stylistic, complex, inverse and included simile. Through analysis of quoted similes we presented opinions of some renowned literary scholars and the Qur’an commentators. Stylistics as a literary discipline serves the study of the Qur’anic I’jaz (inimitability of the Qur’an as its miraculous quality), and its rules, in most cases are derived from the magnificent style of the Qur’an. The aim of this article is to emphasise upon the fact that the Qur’anic expression is absolutely superior not only in its style, but also for the aspect of upbringing that it undoubtedly contains within. Thus in the article we show the dimension of upbringing for each simile we quoted hoping to motivate the reader to search for it himself in other examples of the Qur’anic similes.

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Modifikacija značenja rečenice u Kurʼanu

Author(s): Mustafa Jahić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 15/2017

The modification (qayd) or supplement (takmila) of the meaning of the subject (musnad ilayhi) and the predicate (musnad) or the subject-predicate relationship (isnād) is a special topic in Arabic grammar and stylistics. The secondary parts of the sentence within the framework of the stylistic discipline ‘ilm al-ma’ānī (the science of meaning) are treated as modifiers and are used to limit, narrow, specify or supplement the meaning of the main or primary parts of the sentence (‘umda). This type of modification is also present in the Qur’an, especially in matters of performing, defining, interpreting and commenting on Qur’anic rules and regulations, and it is also significant in other Islamic theoretical sciences. The modifications discussed in this paper is mainly achieved by: the apposition (tawābi’), the object-supplements (mafā’īl), the qualifier of the circumstance or the state accusation (ḥāl), the accusative of the specification (tamyīz), the substitution of separation (ḥamīr al-faṣl) and conditional sentences. Depending on whether they relate to a noun when it is in the position of the subject and to the predicate or to the verb when it is in the predicate position, these modifications are also treated as noun and verb word modifiers. In the first case, the modifiers modify the meaning of noun words in the attribute manner, while in the second case they modify the object of the word or the adjectival meaning of the verbs. The Arabic grammatical tradition pays special attention to conditional sentences, their structure and meanings, pointing out that the modification of the predicate relationship (isnād) can be achieved by this type of sentence which, given the possibility of realizing the action of the main sentence, is divided into real, possible and unrealistic conditional sentences.

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Terminologia etnologică românească în opera lui B.P. Hasdeu

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Terminologia etnologică românească în opera lui B.P. Hasdeu

Author(s): Ioana-Ruxandra Fruntelată / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 23/2009

A critical perspective upon the ethnological terminology in Hasdeu’s work enlightens the validity of its theoretical edifice, and its solidity in many fundamental points. Some of the concepts that he has introduced (folklore, written folk literature, aphoristic genre, initial, median and final formulae in the fairy tale and others) are relevant to the understanding of the ethnological object. Other concepts which are anachronisms (ethno psychology) or too specific (the deceu) are nevertheless illustrative as they reflect the problem of folk culture investigations that precede the scientific ethnology. Beyond his role as the founding father of the Romanian ethnology, Hasdeu remains a model of intellectual ability for present day scholars, a genuine erudite whose terminological oscillations show him engaged in the battle of capturing meanings into expression, while believing passionately that his true mission is to give shape to the holistic science of the beginnings.

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Израз „питино д(иј)ете“ од терминолошке синтагме до „мајсторског тропа“ у српској песничкој традицији

Author(s): Vidan V. Nikolić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 9/2014

The paper deals with the term “pitino dijete” as (1) a terminological phrase denoting a specific national dish and (2) as a poetic focus which famous Serbian authors use in (a) the cumulative inventory of a type of dish and as (b) a “skillful trope” – a synecdoche – when a fragmented part becomes an entity with specific purpose and, thus named, symbolises a new notion (pars pro toto). The primary meaning of the term “pitino dijete” was defined by Vuk Stefanović Karadžić in the Serbian Language Dictionary as “a small cookie made out of the leftover dough for a pie”. The term “pitino dijete” appears in the inventory of the types of pies, i.e. in an accumulation as a stylistic procedure in the poems “Pite” (“Pies”) by Branko Ćopić, “Vetrenjača” (eng. “The Windmills”) by Stevan Raičković, and in the story “Borba petlova” (“The Rooster Fight”) by Milorad Pavić. In the poetic expression of Ivo Andrić, the term “pitino dijete” is a “skillful trope” – a synecdoche – in the sense that from the parts (leftovers) a literary work from the early lyrical prose (“Ex Ponto”), the author created another work (“Nemiri”).

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Emotion in Motion: Conceptualisation of Fear in English in Terms of Movement and Location

Author(s): Jelena Rakić / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2014

This paper investigates the conceptualisation of fear in English in terms of movement and location to show that conceptualisation of emotions relies in part on metaphorically understood motion. One line of investigation focuses on fear as location, which can be the destination of movement the Experiencer may or may not reach, the starting point of movement, or an intermediate location in transition. Linguistically, fear as location is realised by prepositional phrases, which often acquire causal meaning in addition to the locative one. The other line of investigation consists in analysing fear as a moving entity. It has been shown that fear can be conceptualised as an entity capable of self-propelled motion, but also as an object whose motion is caused externally. Finally, it is proposed that conceptualisation of fear as a location or a moving object fits in with other possible metaphorical conceptualisations of fear in English, as they all assume the underlying force-dynamic principle.

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Някои наблюдения върху „мога“, „искам“ и „трябва“ в публичната реч на политиците

Author(s): Petya Osenova,Nadya Terziyska / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2019

The paper focuses on the usages of three modal verbs in present tense: can, want and have to in two registers of the public politicians’ speech: interviews and parliament speech. The behavior of these verbs is considered within two aspects: the frequency of present verb wordforms in both registers and their collocations in the right context.

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Активизъм и слактивизъм при благотворителните кампании в онлайн среда

Author(s): Zarina Vasileva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 6/2019

In the context of the political and economic situation in Bulgaria, the increasing growth of charity campaigns is an explicative phenomenon. The online environment strongly determines their inception and development. On the one hand, it helps them spread actively. On the other hand, it creates a syndrome designated with the term „slacktivism“. The report studies the effect of slacktivism on the online charity campaigns.

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Непознати препис апокрифа о Прекрасном Јосифу из збирке Соколов

Author(s): Maja M. Anđelković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 8/2013

The paper examines a recently discovered Serbo-Slavonic manuscript of the Apocrypha on Joseph the Beautiful, kept in the Sokolov Collection of State Historical Museum in Moscow. Based on the analysis, its position among other known manuscripts in Serbo-Slavonic manuscript tradition is assessed, and the question of its belonging to a particular apocryphal group on Joseph known as The Sermon of Ephrem the Syrian is examined. Likewise, linguistic and orthographic, as well as stylistic, characteristics of the preserved text are determined.

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Нешто о катафоричким формама у српском језику

Author(s): Radoje Simić,Jelena R. Jovanović Simić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 7/2013

This paper deals with the so-called premature pronunciation of some language units. These are units moved from the syntactically appropriate position towards the beginning of the structure they belong to. The basic one among these is the so-called cataphoric object, but there are others too, which have not been fully treated yet.

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Norādāmo vietniekvārdu lietojums latviešu un somu presē

Author(s): Emīlija Mežale / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 10/2019

The article provides an insight into demonstrative pronouns in Latvian and Finnish online press. The emphasis is put on the adjectival use of demonstrative pronouns, including pronouns used as definite articles and emotional markers. An insight into substantival use of demonstrative pronouns is also given. In the first section, the substantival use of demonstrative pronouns is studied, by analysing cases with reference to objects as well as cases with reference to persons, which are inherent to colloquial language. In the second section, the adjectival use of demonstrative pronouns is studied. Cases with and without particular reference in the text are analysed. Examples from press texts illustrate the theoretical material. As a result, three categories of adjectivally used demonstrative pronouns are distinguished. In two of those cases the use of demonstrative pronouns can be considered close to the use of definite article. Acquired results will be used for in-depth future studies and analysis of the use of demonstrative pronouns as definite articles.

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“Neolingua” e manipolazione: gli studi di Michał Głowiński

Author(s): Lucyna Gebert / Language(s): Italian Issue: 1/2007

In questa sezione verranno presentati due saggi degli anni Settanta e Ottanta del secolo scorso, rappresentativi di un ricco filone di studi sulla manipolazione linguistica insita nella lingua dei testi ufficiali, giornalistici e propagandistici (e non solo) nella Polonia del socialismo reale.

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The Rhetoric of Geopolitical Fiction in Churchill’s Iron Curtain Speech

Author(s): Florian Andrei Vlad / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2019

An examination of the power of words, of the realm shared by fiction, poetry and political discourse, brings us to one of the most important common points linking the language of literature and its rhetoric, on the one hand, and the rhetoric of political discourse on the other: the consistent use of figurative language to appeal to the feelings of audiences. Most people would think, whether rightly or wrongly, of politics as relatively impure and manipulative and of literary language as elevated and enlightening. The emphasis in this text, a reconsideration of Churchill’s famous “Iron Curtain Speech,” is not on the evaluation of the quality of the literary and political discourses, but on the devices used in the public space that heavily rely on what one usually calls fictional, literary, even poetical devices to create “extra-literary” effects.

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(Re) deifniranje stilske obilježnosti u književnom tekstu

Author(s): Tin Lemac / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 8-9/2020

In this paper we discuss about cathegory of style marks in literary text. This cathegory was primarly noted in linguistic stylistics and reffers to the status of one linguistic element which is in deflection of the grammatical norm of some language. Her application and formalization in literary stylistics are in the middle of some very problematic points which we discuss in this paper. After discussion of legitimity and possibility of this analytical method in literary stylistics, we propose theoretical model in which we redefine this cathegory and use it in analysis of literary text. Theoretical and methodological frame of this paper is based on linguistic stylistics, literary stylistics, poetics, stylistic critic and estehtics.

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