![The International Activity of Federal Subjects of the Russian Federation on the Case of the Far East](/api/image/getbookcoverimage?id=document_cover-page-image_642239.jpg)
We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
Nowadays, cities also can be “smart”. More and more cities use the label “smart” – in Hungary as well. Is it a rational decision for cities full with opportunities or, if it is a necessity, however, is it a new trend that must be followed without any substance? Besides this dilemma, the study also focuses on the regulation of the smart city concept. Regarding the growing number of smart cities and the simultaneous regulation gap, the question is whether we need to regulate smart cities? If we do, at which governmental level and what kind of substance, and, if we do not, what are the reasons?The urban development is the theoretical framework of the study. After the definition of smart city, the study focuses on the content of smart city, systematizing its features on the basis of the relevant regulations and literature. As the result of my research, the risks of regulation as well as further deficiencies and contradictions will be demonstrated.
More...
Although local governments possess limited autonomy in Hungary, they play a significant role in environmental policy. Apart from fulfilling mandatory tasks such as waste management, they face environmental challenges relating to other activities such as urban development. They adopt strategies and regulations, exercise public authority, enter into contracts, and organize public services in order to protect the environment. This essay demonstrates that the scope of discretion of local governments is legally limited; nonetheless, some environmental considerations do not play a role due to lack of interest and knowledge. Based on questionnaires, case studies and interviews as well as on the analysis of the central regulations, the most important tools are introduced from an environmental law point of view.
More...
Grazing, food production, agricultural interests, on the one hand, and biodiversity, on the other hand, do not necessarily exclude one another. On the contrary, pastures with sparse trees and shrubs may well integrate agricultural production and biodiversity conservation. The structural properties of the wood pastures are tightly related to biodiversity; therefore, traditional (and at the same time economically profitable) agricultural activities, such as grazing, pasture clean-up, and the maintenance of the sparse and old trees and shrubs, are essential for the conservation of biodiversity. These activities do not lead to the shortage of agricultural production – on the contrary, the presence of sparse trees and shrubs is accompanied by benefits such as shade for the grazing animals in the summer or foliage and fruit (acorn, thorn-apple, pear) as food supplement for the livestock in the summer and autumn.
More...
I will present the Hungarian models of the public waste management service (regarding the fact that several consecutive models have worked in Hungary before). I will consider public service as a fundamental guarantee of institutional protection just as the participants involved in public service focusing on Nemzeti Hulladékgazdálkodási Koordináló és Vagyonkezelő Zrt. (National Waste Management Coordinating and Asset Management plc – NHKV). NHKV was established in 2016, almost two years ago, but it has faced more and more problems on a permanent basis, to which I will draw attention in this study. I do not intend to carry out a detailed critical analysis of the system within the scope of this study. The question is whether waste management that has been changing since 2012 and becoming more and incomprehensible will overcome the current obstacles or we have to witness more and more failed solutions due to the “waves” of nationalizations spreading increasingly, which will cause in the municipalities of Hungary the same infamous waste management disaster that happened in Naples.
More...
The current contribution forms part of the research project carried out under the title “Roles and instruments of local governments in the realization of ecological sustainability”. It wishes to focus on Hajdúböszörmény, which is a Hungarian settlement lying at the junction of the Nyírség and the Hajdúság, along main road No 35. Thus, it is situated in the Northern Great Plain region, more specifically in Hajdú–Bihar County. Hajdúböszörmény occupies 370.8 km² and Bodaszőlő, Pród, Rét, Telekföld, Vid, and Zelemér belong to the inhabited part of its periphery. Hajdúböszörmény’s population is roughly 31,000 inhabitants, that is, 0.32 per cent of Hungary’s population, and its population density is 84 person/km2. Regarding the research projects and this essay, two remarks have to be made. On the one hand, although the project focuses on the ecological sustainability, this study will necessarily examine all three pillars (environmental, social, and economic) of sustainable development. On the other hand, the present research endeavours to highlight water, and so the other environmental elements are excluded from its scope. While conducting this research, we mainly relied on the minutes of the meeting of the Municipal Council, as in our opinion these provide the most up-to-date source of information relating to the challenges the Municipality of Hajdúböszörmény has to face. These sources were supplemented, among others, with local decrees and decisions, environmental status reports, and integrated urban strategies.
More...
Ekonomik ya da sosyal nedenlerle gerçekleşen, bireyi ve toplumu etkisi altına alan göç olgusu insanlık tarihi kadar eskidir. Göç olgusu nedenleri, sonuçları ve etkileri ile birlikte ele alındığında çok yönlü olduğu görülmektedir. Türkiye açısından göç olgusu tarihsel ve güncel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, Asya ve Avrupa’yı birbirine bağlayan konumu nedeniyle hem göç verme hem de göç alma açısından her zaman jeopolitik bir öneme sahip olmuştur ve günümüzde sosyal değişimin önemli bir belirleyicisi haline gelmiştir.
More...
This paper treats of relation between the level of regional economic efficiency and the level of regional innovation potential in the Czech Republic. It is one of more steps, that back the drift up, which has to be to verify the hypothesis: “Weak regional innovation potential is the cause of regional economic backwardness”. That is closely linked with ability of absorbing business support programs by regions and the possibility of its measuring. Not only that was investigated within the frame of Ministry for Regional Development ČR research project No. WD-30-07-1 entitled as „Innovative approach to the solving of disparities at regional level“. More methodologies are presently used by some subjects in the Czech Republic for valuation of regional economic efficiency level. Two methodologies were identified for valuation of regional innovation potential’s level in the Czech Republic and their outputs availability differs. The goal of this article was to compare two groups of data gained from specific resources, and to investigate the statistical dependence between regional economic efficiency and regional innovation potential level in the Czech Republic with help of suitable statistical method.
More...
Although the need to compensate life in the rush and buzz of the city made its numerous inhabitants seek quiet recreation outdoors, some of them sought recreation as well as excitement, whose source were adventures inspired by their ideas of the Wild West. In the past century, its heroes, real or fictional, have become the symbols of the bearers of a distinctive and unique subculture called tramping, popular exclusively in Czechia (and partly Slovakia). In spite of the unique lifestyle, tramps could not do outdoors without refreshment, food and drink, which were provided by taverns and pubs in villages and secluded places near their campsites. Those businesses that proved successful and effective from the perspective of our tramps and men of prairies became known as tramp taverns. It was mainly there, especially during various excesses, that their god, Pajda, had to stand by them.
More...
Due to Covid-19 exports of countries has fallen, and their production hasdecreased accordingly. The service sector, especially tourism revenues, suffered considerably. Treasures of the gross domestic product of the states decreased significantly as unemployment increased further. Almost all states and nations except China became poorer compare to the previous year. With these adverse events, countries were expected to "stretch their feet according to their quilt". In this context, some countries (such as Germany) reduced their defense budget by 25%. In many places, conflicts, tensions, or "sanctions" continued to be experienced in order to protect national interests. Turkey was also affected by these adverse events. What affected Turkey the most were, the Eastern Mediterranean Sea Jurisdictions, disturbing policies of the United States in the region, and the Nagorno-Karabakh War. While the Biden administration; which came after the Trump administration that started a "Trade War" with China; is showing China and Russia as a "threat", the search for to sitting at the table has begun with Iran, which the Trump administration imposed "sanctions" on. Another important development in Turkey's hinterland was in the spring of 2021 with the Biden administration in the US, increasing tension in Ukrainian-Russian relations. While the NATO membership of Ukraine was brought to the agenda, such activities came from Russia to increase the tension. As the fight against the PKK terrorist organization continues in Turkey's southern border in the north of Syria and Iraq, the US continues to support the Democratic Forces in Syria that mainly involve PKK extension PYD/YPG. Despite reached Astana and Sochi agreement with Russia, in Idlib, Afrin, and al-Bab, the Assad regime, Iran, and Russian-sided paramilitary groups are causing the loss of lives of civilians and properties in the places nearby Turkey, with air and artillery. Despite the Covid-19 pandemics causing economic and social paralysis beginning with the first quarter of 2020 all over the world, all these developments that interested Turkey directly or indirectly have been observed.
More...
Religious tourism has an important socio-cultural component, being a practice that positions people within a sacred and spiritual space. Thus, religious tourism has the ability to influence the motivational state of a person seeking cultural and religious objects and places that support his spiritual existence. This article analyses the religious tourism in Neamt area.
More...
This paper tries to highlight the most important historical and medical aspects which have marked the existence of Soveja resort over time. Starting from a simple Daco-Roman settlement, Soveja represents a symbol of the Romania, considering the numerous transitions of the peoples in this area. Our study is focused on Soveja tourism development.
More...
Although we have the impression that we understand the urban texture in which we live, the city still holds surprises in the way it communicates everyday aspects, situations, and cultural history.The experience of the urban explorer, that flâneur/stroller mentioned by Guy Debord (1955) and the Situationist school, was until recently only a literary experience. The emotion of discovering the unusual in the urban daily life was communicated only in the form of textual narratives (Sinclair, 1997). Recently the psychogeographical approach to the city has become again a topic of interest. Although contemporary design transposed the behavioral codes of urban life into signs, it did not propose emoticons for the phenomenological experience of one who experiences the city.The original purpose of this paper is to translate the phenomenological experience of the urban explorer into infographics (which translates complex concepts into signs with condensed meaning) and to quantify and communicate emotionally and visually, the experience of the "invisible" [out of sight] cultural details to the hurried passerby.This paper will discuss the phenomenological (psychogeographical) experience of the city transferred into visual signs will be presented. The authors insist on the communicative value of infographics in making visible the hidden beauty of the city, the historical and esthetical details that are not seen by the passersby on the street, proposing a new urban visual language accompanied by visual design theory and cultural history explanations.
More...
Cities, however, are in a constant state of flux and today - in a period of intense, dynamic geopolitical and socio-economic change - face many problems. Local authorities, reborn during the period of political transformation, found themselves in a situation in which it was in the interest of the inhabitants to take comprehensive measures for city development, urban regeneration. Urban regeneration is an integrated process, combining spatial, environmental and technical measures with programmes for the economic and social revitalisation of degraded urban spaces. Local authorities have a wide range of instruments at their disposal for urban regeneration policy and can actively shape the urban regeneration process. However, a system of monitoring and evaluation is particularly important for the planning and coordination of urban regeneration activities. Monitoring and evaluation are key instruments in the management of r urban regeneration processes. The aim of the chapter is to present monitoring and evaluation as one of the key instruments at the disposal of local government units for planning and stimulating r urban regeneration processes in Polish cities. The chapter presents both the principles and criteria for building monitoring and evaluation systems in urban regeneration programmes, together with their practical application.
More...
The contribution demonstrates the need for geographic literacy of a graduate from studies in Travel/Tourism. The introduction specializes in the development and differentiation of geography. It is followed by characteristics of Geography of tourism as a scientific discipline and as a specialist subject in teaching. The final section of this paper is dedicated to professional qualifications of university teachers of Geography of tourism and other requirements of their personalities.
More...
Georgian river Rioni still hosts the last remaining sturgeon habitat in the Eastern Black Sea. WWF Caucasus Programme Office is undertaking efforts to conserve and potentially expand this critically important spawning area. Long-term hydrological data, such as daily discharge time series, is indispensable for characterising the entire river and this ecological site in particular. GEO Global Water Sustainability tool GEOGloWS was applied to derive long term (over 40 years) modelled streamflow time series for the stretch of interest at Rioni. Discharge data kindly provided by Vartsikhe Hydropower Cascade, was successfully used to bias-correct the global dataset and thus significantly expand time coverage against the period of available discharge data (10 years). Experience with merging some other global & local datasets is also reported in this work.
More...
The paper presents an innovative technology for the complex cleaning of beaches from heavy and rare metals, radioactive minerals, bitumen, polymeric materials and microplastics.
More...