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The article analyzes Victor Paskov's story "The Ballad of Georg Henich", following the four genre paradigms that build its unique composition. These paradigms are: ballad, story, memoir and passion. Each of them has its own way of processing the life material, its own composition and way of building the images of the main characters, its own way of posing the artistic problem, as well as a specific way of impact and social function. Despite the differences between the four genre paradigms clearly present in this book, its semantic world is emphatically unified. This unity is ensured by the fact that the idea of truth underlies all four genre models. In essence, this book observes four ways of presenting and evaluating the truth, which are so organically intertwined that they form a unique, harmonious and emotionally convincing whole.
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The object of this article are the books from the series Children's Life which Geo Milev published in 1913 and 1914. In literary studies the series has usually been mentioned in order to illustrate the early literary interests and publishing ambitions of its author and only single poems from the books have been interpreted by the scholars when presenting his children’s works. The aim of this article is to prove that as an integral initiative the poems from Children’s Life can be placed in the broader context of Geo Milev’s modernist project. In the first part of the article the history of the series is presented and an unknown poem by the poet is published. In the second part it is emphasized on the author’s desire to show his readers the modernist parameters of what he called “aesthetic emotion”.
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The paper aims to comment on the representation of the 1920s, seen through the last few years of the lives of the poet Geo Milev and the anarchist Georgi Sheytanov, as shown in one of the most famous contemporary Bulgarian novels, written by Hristo Karastoyanov, “The Same Night Awaits Us All”. In order this to be achieved a few key scenes are analyzed, since they introduce main themes and narrative strategies, followed throughout the novel, as well as point out the allegorical contrast between light and darkness, good and evil. Subject to interpretation are also the characters’ motifs, actions, emotional states and reactions, particularly to the presence of death, which seems to be impossible to overlook and plays an importing part in setting the overall tone of the novel.
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The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of using three functional measures: Auditory Developmental Scale (0-6 years), Caregiver Intake Interview, and Infant-Directed Speech Checklist in SLT. In the first part of this article, the authors discuss the purpose and advantages of using these instruments in SLT practice. In the last part of this article, the Caregiver Intake Interview and the Infant-Directed Speech Checklist are presented in two languages, English and Romanian.
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Z generation is so influenced not only by virtual world / communication, by advanced sophisticated and networks, by COVID-19 pandemic, but also by self-valorisation culture. Although they prefer online education because of its freedom for action, Z generation is in risk for an independent self-construction that lead to a devastating individualism for their own life. Our study aims to describe the influence of self-valorisation culture on our candidates’ self-esteem (from Z generation) for Pedagogy and Primary and Preschool Pedagogy. For this purpose, we have analysed the content of their motivational essays – part of their admission file. The results indicate that Z generation candidates’ self-esteem is higher than Y generation candidates’ self-esteem.
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Computer models with pool table oriented to the school teaching of mathematics are presented. The pool table in them has a board with six pockets and twelve “diamonds”, due to the expectation when working with these resources to form and apply not only mathematical knowledge, but also to master elements of the game of billiards. These computer models use a frontal impact, i.e. the cue ball hits the object ball in its center. The force of the shot, special shots, friction, etc. are not taken into account. The computer models are developed with dynamic GeoGebra software. They are provided with free access in the Virtual Mathematics Laboratory, developed at the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences.
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Foreign students coming to study in Russia learn the Russian language at all levels, enriching their vocabulary. Besides possessing the lexical minimum of the Russian language, foreign students studying at the preparatory department of the Russian university need to master specialised terminology used in computer science, physics and mathematics. These subjects are included in the list of disciplines of the supplementary general programme, which aims to provide a preparation course for foreign citizens and stateless persons to master professional educational programmes in the Russian language. This article describes the need and conditions for enriching and activating the vocabulary of foreign students, while providing a general description of research methods. It expounds on the structure and content of the computer science course at the pre-university stage of training for foreign citizens. The paper considers the process of teaching foreign students the terminology used in the computer science course. This paper provides a number of examples of new terms as well as exercises related to their acquisition. It is concluded that teaching computer-science vocabulary to foreign students is one of the most important components of teaching information science and expanding the learners’ vocabulary in general.
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Robotics has a significant role in modern life. Complex programmable devices are used in high-tech manufactures as well as in many households. More and more people encounter the need to control and program robotic devices. For this reason, STEM education aims to develop such digital competencies in modern students. This article represents the results from a questionnaire held for students from the primary school stage who participate in a STEM education in robotics and assess the activities positively. We suggest three variants of tasks with solutions suitable for the students and for the working process with the robot Edison and programming environment of EdBlocks.
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A brief overview of the school student competitions in informatics held in Bulgaria and the participation of Bulgarian students in international competitions in 2021 is considered. Some notes are given about the organization of these competitions and their technological support.
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The paper examines the extent to which problems from contests in mathematical linguistics meet the Bulgarian educational standards. Compliance indicators are introduced. On the basis of an analysis of the content of individual examples, we conclude that such problems comply highly with the key competencies tested by the National External Assessment after finishing the tenth grade. Some didactic comments are made.
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Mathematical problems that contain a common condition and an ordered list of tasks are traditionally called cascade problems. Problems of this type are extremely popular during teaching of mathematics. At the same time, they can be used both in the formation of knowledge, skills and abilities (competencies) of students, and to assess their academic achievements. In the paper we give a thorough theoretical analysis of possible types of cascade problems, describe methodology and provide examples of their applications on different stages of studying mathematics at school, in particular, during the final attestation of graduates. According to our statistical survey of mathematics teachers in Ukraine and Republic of Moldova, we clarify their attitude to problems of cascade type, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using such problems. It is shown that the use of cascading problems in the school course of mathematics contributes to the adequate formation of important competencies of students in their learning process.
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The aim of this article is to present a developed metagraph model which serves to verify the minimum requirements for cyber security in web-based student information management systems. The model presents the correlation between cyber attacks and cyber defense of the system. The protection is based on a created model for cybersecurity 3-12 and is divided into 3 categories – software, server and information system users. The most common 9 cyber attacks on automated information systems have been selected. Twelve countermeasures to these attacks have been selected. The application of the metagraph model is used to check whether the system meets the requirements of the model 3-12. The developed information system has been tested in foreign language training of students at Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy. The developed metagraph model can be applied to other information systems.
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In the modern learning process, we are in search of certain ways, which will put every student in an active position. This implies the use of various methods, including the situational method. The present study represents an attempt to examine briefly the attitudes of teachers to the use of situational methods in their pedagogical practice. The main toolkit is a survey with two content areas. The first aims to establish the respondents' understanding of both the nature and the content of the situational method, but also the structure of the learning situation, while the second survey observes the respondents’ readiness to apply it in the learning process. The obtained results give grounds for conclusion with some recommendations for overcoming the weak application of the situational method.
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The article reflects the results of a survey among students majoring in Social Pedagogy at Sofia University. The research was conducted through a focus group and a survey and aims to establish the general attitudes for continuing education and career development in the social pedagogy field. The analysis of the results allows to outline guidelines for improving the quality of education and optimizing the curriculum in master's programs in this specialty in order to attract more students and meet the need for qualified and motivated staff working in the social pedagogy sphere.
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The purpose of this article is to trace the emergence and development of pedology as a complex science for the child and to clarify the reasons why it is ufulfilled. Both available literary sources and documents from the archival funds in Bulgaria (the State Archives and the Scientific Archives of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences) have been studied. A picture of the state of pedological science in the USA, Europe, Russia / USSR and Bulgaria is presented. Based on these studies, it can be seen that while in the West in the 1930s this science was in decline, and in Russia it was banned in 1936, in Bulgaria it continues to be taught at Sofia University and teacher training institutes in the country for which there are also textbooks. Its existence came to an end with the full establishment of the ideological domination of the new communist government.
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The focus of this paper is a hitherto unstudied methodological guide “The Grammar in Junior High School. Guidelines for Creative Thinking” (1937) by Petar Lakov and Pavel Getov, and above all its theoretical perspectives. The authors clearly state their opinion about the weaknesses in mother tongue education and outline ways to overcome them. Their views about native language learning are evaluated in view of the innovative approaches to the teaching of the Bulgarian language, presented in the 1920s and 1930s in the works of Petko Tsonev, Dimitar Grancharov and Lyuben Georgiev. As a result of the analysis, some of the current in terms of the contemporary methodological views are highlighted such as the communicative orientation of the native language learning and the development of skills for active participation in different speech situations in order to create a different types of discourse. The analysis proves that the methodological guide of Lakov and Getov is an important testimony of the dominant trends in native language learning, aimed at the formation of the creative and socially responsible individuals.
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It is proposed that respect for agency and choice for the pupils is a priority of education. Three frameworks are presented that can be used to make sense of the curriculum: – the Entitlement Curriculum; – the Aims and Objectives Curriculum; and – the Areas of Learning Curriculum. It is suggested that only the Subject Strands components of the Areas of Learning Curriculum are used by ministries of education in planning their national curricula. It is then proposed that ministries of education should delegate responsibility for the curriculum to Curriculum, Assessment and Qualifications Agencies – a nonministerial departments that report directly to Parliament. Curriculum Notation is then introduced as a technique for: – mapping the introduction of agency and choice in the curriculum as pupils mature; and – constructing Intervening Performance Indicators. Literacy and Numeracy are introduced as compulsory elements in the curriculum of older pupils – independent of the subjects that the pupils are studying. Finally, it is proposed that it is the schools’ responsibility to ensure that: – Cross-curricular Skills; and – Thinking Skills and Personal Capabilities are part of the pupils’ classroom experience.
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The use of inclusive and effective STEAM education of students with special educational needs by providing socio-pedagogical support enriches their learning experience and employment opportunities by developing educational materials and guidelines for teachers, educational managers and students in secondary schools and in parallel with this examines the attitudes of pedagogical professionals and their basic skills. It is known that STEAM education is guided and guided by the individual needs of students and therefore the instructions in this model of education are individualized, which can provide access and perspective to students with special educational needs.
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