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Roma/Gypsies and Education in a Multiethnic Community in Romania

Author(s): Stefania Toma / Language(s): English

The present article aims at presenting shortly the results and preliminary conclusions of a research undertaken in an ethnically mixed locality in the North-Western region of Romania. The research questions were focused mainly on interethnic relations and on socio-economic topics. The economic activities of the Roma represent the extension of the principal activities of the majority. To see what exactly the activities of the Roma are, we will focus on the relation between Roma and other ethnic groups. We will try to understand what the main characteristics of these relationships are and what the rules of these relationships are, if there are any. Afterwards, we will try to describe and to analyse two of survival strategies of the Roma. At first sight the presence of the institution of godfatherness among the Roma and Gadjo seemed to be just an “innate” characteristics of the historically peaceful multiethnic community, but later this proved to be just the surface. The second strategy, called “the List”, is also a constitutive element of the survival strategies of the Roma, although in this case not the Roma are the initiators of it. Finally, we will focus our attention on the problem of trust which is the connecting element of all informal strategies and through which we will be able to understand better the characteristics of the relation between Roma and non-Roma. The question of education is a crucial one, as the low presence of the Roma population on the formal job-market is partly due to their low educational level. The last chapters discuss the problem of school-attending of the Roma children in the studied community.

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Reperele analitice ale bilingvismului instituţional

Author(s): Erika-Mária Tódor / Language(s): English,Romanian

The present study deals with institutional bilingualism in the context of school structures in Romania where the language of teaching is different from Romanian. The conclusions of the paper show a few possible directions to follow in the context of conceiving an educational policy in which the linguistic alterity represents a natural element to be taken into consideration when considering the qualitative aspects of organisational structures.

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Viitorul limbii romani: către o politică a pluralismului lingvistic

Author(s): Yaron Matras / Language(s): Romanian

The past decade has seen the emergence of linguistic pluralism in the use of Romani in institutions such as media and education: language codification is primarily regional, targeting a regional audience. Regional initiatives are autonomous and implement their own solutions. At the same time, an international network of Romani language codification activities is emerging - through meetings, correspondence, exchange of publications, and via the internet. The question facing agencies engaged in language policy is how to pursue networking and international collaboration, while taking into account the de-centralised achievements of the past decade. The practical way forward is to adopt linguistic pluralism as a policy: to support regional initiative and creativity, while also strengthening international networking efforts and exchange. Collective ownership of language will thus encompass a web of language varieties, and not just one single form of the language. Such a policy fits the specific Romani situation of a trans-national minority with dispersed, regional centres of cultural and public life. It is also suitable for the young generation of language users, who are accustomed to trial & error, individual creativity and flexibility in their use of written language in new communication technologies such as text-messages, internet chat-rooms and email.

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Művészeti szakoktatás avagy műkedvelő hagyományőrzés? Helyzetkép a romániai magyar iskolai néptáncoktatásról

Author(s): Csongor Könczei / Language(s): Hungarian

The present study asks in its title, which attempts to outline the current situation of the Hungarian folk dance teaching in Romania and to assess the practice and opportunities created by the natural (or in some places propagated) demand. In fact, it is actually trying to map a "curriculum" that is formally non-existent in the Romanian educational system, which is based on the needs of the invited or self-proclaimed dance instructors and co-leaders, but the study also seeks the basic question of whether it is possible and if so, then what methods to teach segments of traditional folk culture, namely, whether it is possible to instruct the "folk dance" in an artificial environment instinctively?

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School Market and the Educational Institutions in Transylvania, Partium and Banat between 1919 and 1948

Author(s): Attila Gidó / Language(s): English

This paper proposes to offer the statistical presentation of the transylvanian educational system and culture-generating institutions between 1918 and 1948, relying primarily on the hitherto published statistical summaries, censuses, annals, and studies, without carrying out any fundamental research or analysis. The paper fits into the first phase of a larger European comparative research project supported by the European Research Council. The documentation needed for the detailed analyses in the second phase is collected by other colleagues working on this research. Hopefully, their findings will be published in the near future.

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Kisebbség – társadalomszerkezet – kétnyelvűség

Author(s): Angella Sorbán / Language(s): Hungarian

This study addresses the social structure of the Hungarian minority in Romania from the point of view of minority bilingualism and of language use practices. It summarizes the main characteristics of the minority social structure in the context of the recent past as well as the expected trends in the forecasts. Based on the data of an empirical research conducted by the Institute for the Study of National Minority Problems in 2008, it analyzes the linguistic competences of the different occupational categories in relation to the study language with different interpretations of the affirmation and the language of the communication at the place. Given that the situation of the Hungarians on the labor market is influenced not only by language skills in the state language but also by other factors (structural, cultural, symbolic) it can be concluded that the minority social structure can be rectified by education and by the accumulation of social and cultural capital in the education process. The knowledge of the language of the state is undoubtedly a specific genre of cultural capital, in minority environments this is very important, but it is only one of these genres. Therefore, the work puts the well-known Hungarian cliché - "The child to study in the Romanian language in order to be able to say better" - in a critical and at the same time more nuanced view, in relation to everyday views.

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Istoricul studiului limbii rromani şi al şcolarizării rromilor în România (1990–2012)

Author(s): Gheorghe Sarau / Language(s): Romanian

The achievements in Romania regarding education for Roma are, of course, undeniable, those related to the identity reconstruction through the study of the language in the institutional system are also world-leading, the measures to promote and form a proactive Rroma intellectuality are good. Undoubtedly, the many human resources formed and present in the educational system are more than necessary, the impressive working tools for teaching Rromani from the kindergarten to the university level are obvious, the 10-13% Roma students studying in mother tongue Romani and over 7-11% Roma students in the general number of preschools and pupils in the pre-university system who attend school and assume indifferent Roma identity impress in a pleasant way etc., therefore, they all speak for themselves, both quantitatively and qualitatively. With all these unprecedented gains, however - relative to the large number of Roma in Romania (possibly two and a half million, with and without Roma identity assumed continuously) - there is still much to be done so that we can speak of more than 2-3% of high school students with a Roma identity assumed by a percentage of Roma children in grades I-IV higher than the current one (13%) and who do not decrease, as at present, to grades V -VIII (9-11%), let's talk about the presence of more than 10%, as now, of Roma preschoolers compared to the other 90% of preschoolers among other ethnicities, we can have many more kindergarten classes and classes primary education to fully study in their own Rromani language, to register as few segregated classes as possible and to find as few discretionary attitudes fromschool administrators and local authorities when talking about co-opment, (Roma inspectors, Roma executives, Roma school mediators, Roma teachers, Roma educators and teachers, Roma school counselors, etc.), and last but not least, when we will learn to be more empathic and better living and promoting diversity (linguistic / cultural / ethnic / historical / religious / physical / gender).

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Audit Culture and the Making of a “Gypsy School”. Financing Policies, Curricula, Testing and Educational Inequalities in a Romanian Town

Author(s): Zsuzsa Plainer / Language(s): English

However segregation and discrimination are very important factors that block access of Roma to quality education, there are a series of less visible phenomena also responsible for school inequalities. Aim of this paper is to understand how some of these sophisticatedly linked factors lead to the making of a "Gypsy school" in a Romanian town, a school with low educational performance and bad fame. In doing so, the notion of audit culture is introduced, understood as a set of culturally mediated norms and practices of ranking. As this approach comes into sight, one may understand how - despite the commitment shown by the Romanian policy-makers to facilitate school integration of the Roma - a series of regulations unwittingly obstruct this aim. As it is revealed below, the framing of the national financing policies may involuntarily lead to tracking the Roma children into certain schools, where - in lack of a variety of teaching materials, refined testing and a clear system of rewarding the teacher's performance - quality education becomes a hard-to-reach target. The contextuality of the bad label of a "Gypsy school" is also relevant in this research as it is either a resource, or a stigma depending of the situation.

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A magyar nyelv tantárgy tartalma és oktatása a romániai oktatásszabályozási keretben

Author(s): Edith Kádár / Language(s): Hungarian

As part of a joint research programme of the Termini Hungarian Language Research Network focussing on the teaching of the Hungarian language (and literature) as a school subject in the Carpathian Basin, this paper presents the Romanian case. It gives an overview of the contents, theoretical and methodological background, legal framework, actors and documents regulating the teaching of Hungarian as a school subject, in the context of the Romanian educational system.

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Privid škole

Author(s): Dejan Ilić / Language(s): Serbian

U subotu su škole širom Srbije imale da nadoknade izgubljeni nastavni ponedeljak. Čitalac zna: u prošlu nedelju uveče proglašeno je vanredno stanje. U ponedeljak đaci su ostali kod kuće, a u škole je stigao hitan dopis o „ostvarivanju obrazovno-vaspitnog rada učenjem na daljinu za učenike osnovnih i srednjih škola“. Smisao dopisa dat je u jednoj strogoj uvodnoj napomeni: „privremeno obustavljanje neposredne nastave u školama ne znači i obustavljanje obrazovno-vaspitnog rada sa učenicima“.

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BETON - Kulturno propagandni komplet br. 235, god. XVI, Beograd, utorak, 21. septembar 2021.

Author(s): Aleksandar Todosijević,Vladan Jeremić,Aleksandra Sekulić,Porsha Olayiwola,Branko Milisković / Language(s): Serbian

MIKSER, Aleksandar Todosijević: Ko se plaši istorije?; ŠTRAFTA, Vladan Jeremić: Antinomije autonomije; ARMATURA, Aleksandra Sekulić: Avganistan Kensington; ZID, Branko Milisković: Transfiguracija; VREME SMRTI I RAZONODE, Porša Olajviola: Da moji roditelji nisu razdvojeni

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Priručnik za djecu koja borave u Centru za djecu i mlade "Ljubović"

Author(s): Not Specified Author / Language(s): Montenegrine

Sva djeca imaju jednaka prava garantovana Konvencijom i pravima djeteta. Konvencija je međunarodni ugovor, usvojen pod okriljem Ujedinjenih nacija 20. januara1989. godine. Ovaj ugovor su do danas prihvatile skoro sve države svijeta, njih 191, osim Somalije i SAD (koja je samo potpisala Konvenciju, ali je nije i ratifikovala).

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STUDENT PRACTICE IN MONTENEGRO - BETWEEN ASPIRATIONS AND REALITY - LESSONS LEARNED FROM PROJECT «ACTIVE STUDENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT»

Author(s): Damir Nikočević,Andrea Lekić,Andrijana Radević,Anđela Nenadić,Bojan Vukojičić,Dušan Pejaković,Jelena Kontić,Marija Bulatović,Nina Đuranović,Rajko Vučetić,Vanja Đikanović / Language(s): English

Youth unemployment is one of the greatest problems which countries of region and Europe are facing. There are numerous reasons for such state. Incompatibility of educational system with needs of labour market results in saturation of certain professions, while highly specialised areas remain in deficit, are only some of those reasons. Global economic crisis, as well as the absence of adequate state intervention do not contribute to resolving the identified challenges.

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Zašto boli glava od đačkih udžbenika?

Author(s): Snežana Kaluđerović / Language(s): Montenegrine

Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva (ZUNS) svake godine izdaje djelimično izmijenjene i dopunjene ili potpuno nove udžbenike za osnovnu i srednju školu. Te promjene udžbenika stvaraju i dodatni trošak u budžetu Crne Gore i roditelja, a autorima, recezentima, štamparijama i distributerima korist. Zavod za statistiku Monstat nema javno objavljene podatke o broju učenika za školsku 2017/2018 i 2018/2019. godinu. Posljednji objavljeni zvanični podaci prikazani su za školsku 2016/2017 kada je osnovnu školu pohađalo 67 516 učenika, srednju 27 565 učenika, a visoko obrazovanje 23 138 studenata. Po podacima Ministarstva prosvjete, iznijetim u medijima, u Crnoj Gori je u školskoj 2018/2019 ukupno 28 700 učenika pohađalo srednje obrazovanje, dok je osnovno obrazovanje pohađalo njih oko 68 000. Ministarstvo prosvjete utvrđuje neophodne udžbenike i nastavna sredstva i vrši izmjene i dopune istih za osnovnu i srednju školu, shodno utvrđenom planu i programu Zavoda za školstvo, a na prijedlog Nacionalnog savjeta za obrazovanje što odobrava i sam Savjet svojom Odlukom. Nacionalni savjet za obrazovanje je u obavezi da odobri listu udžbenika. Odbor za opšte obrazovanje i Odbor za stručno obrazovanje daju saglasnost na utvrđenu listu udžbenika prije nego to odobri i sam Nacionalni savjet za obrazovanje. U skladu sa poslovnikom o radu Nacionalnog savjeta za obrazovanje, odluka se donosi ako se za nju izjasni više od polovine ukupnog broja članova Nacionalnog savjeta.

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Education serves the regime. The ideologisation and militarisation of the Belarusian education system

Author(s): Piotr Żochowski,Kamil Kłysiński / Language(s): English

As the Belarusian regime has intensified its policy of repression against society since August 2020,its other domestic policy priorities have come to include an overhaul of the education system and stricter supervision over Belarusian schools. Particularly strong pressure has been put on private institutions which the authorities view as hotspots of anti-state ferment. On the basis of laws enacted in 2022, a requirement was introduced for operators of educational facilities to obtain a special licence to run their schools, which resulted in a significant reduction in the number of private schools. A major overhaul of curricula has also been launched, particularly concerning topics such as history and literature. This is intended to eliminate or marginalize topics which emphasise Belarus’s European identity from school curricula. As a consequence, the content taught to students now resembles the content prevailing in the Russian narrative. Belarus’s politics of memory has been subject to similar attempts to align it with Russian standards.

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Nastavni materijali uz nastavnu cjelinu - Svjetski etos u osnovnim školama

Author(s): / Language(s): Bosnian

Na ovom se mjestu nalaze nastavni materijali potrebni za realizaciju nastavne cjeline "Svjetski etos u osnovnim školama" iz "Priručnika svjetskog etosa za osnovne škole". Nastavni materijali - priče, molitve, debatske kartice, kvizovi, deklaracije... - poredani su tako da prate strukturu dotične nastavne cjeline odnosno strukturu nastavnih jedinica od kojih se ona sastoji. Podsjećamo da se nastavna cjelina "Svjetski etos u osnovnim školama" sastoji od osam nastavnih jedinica: 1. Ljudskost: temeljni poziv svakog čovjeka 2. Uzajamnost: „zlatno pravilo“ u sferi ljudskoga 3. Kultura nenasilja i strahopoštovanja pred svekolikim životom 3.1. Mirotvorstvo – Nenasilje – Pomirenje 3.2. Ekologija: susretište vjerničke i građanske odgovornosti 3.3. Vršnjačko nasilje 4. Kultura solidarnosti i pravednog ekonomskog poretka 5. Kultura tolerancije i života u istinoljubivosti 6. Kultura ravnopravnosti i partnerstva muškarca i žene 7. Svjetski etos kao platforma izrade razrednog i školskog etosa 8. Dijalog religija: nužan prilog svjetskom miru i blagostanju - a svaka nastavna jedinica od: A. Teorijske pozadine B. Motivacije C. Scenarija. U svrhu lakšeg snalaženja rubovi stranica s nastavnim materijalima označeni su baš onim bojama kojim su označeni rubovi stranica odgovarajućih nastavnih jedinica u "Priručniku svjetskog etosa za osnovne škole". Dakako, prezentirani nastavni materijali nisu obvezujuće prirode. Nastavnicima je ostavljena puna sloboda koristiti se ne samo drugim tekstovima nego i drugim metodama za podučavanje učenika. S obzirom na književno, religiozno, glazbeno, dakle općenito kulturno bogatstvo naše zemlje, pa i regije, to ne bi smjelo predstavljati nikakav problem.

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The International Conference "Education in the Perspective of Values" 2022 - BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

Author(s): / Language(s): English

This volume includes the summaries of the articles presented at Conference Education in the Perspective of Values, 2022. Within the conference, an important space was allocated to the presentation of research that brought new data on topics of general pedagogy, psychology of Education, didactics, including the design and implementation of didactic activities carried out online. The research presented this year represented scientific fields such as: educational sciences, psychology, theology, philology, philosophy, history, sociology, engineering, music and mathematics, as well as a number of interdisciplinary fields.

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The International Conference "Education in the Perspective of Values" 2023 - BOOK OF ABSTRACTS

Author(s): / Language(s): English

This volume includes the summaries of the articles presented at Conference Education in the Perspective of Values, 2023. Within the conference, an important space was allocated to the presentation of research that brought new data on topics of general pedagogy, psychology of Education, didactics, including the design and implementation of didactic activities carried out online. The research presented this year represented scientific fields such as: educational sciences, psychology, theology, philology, philosophy, history, sociology, engineering, computer science, arts, music and mathematics, as well as a number of interdisciplinary fields.

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