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НАСЪРЧАВАНЕ НА ЗЕЛЕНИЯ ПРЕХОД ЧРЕЗ УНИВЕРСИТЕТСКО ОБРАЗОВАНИЕ ПО ЗЕЛЕНИ СТАНДАРТИ

Author(s): Diana Sabotinova,Mariya Monova-Zheleva,Yanislav Zhelev / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Promoting the green transition through university education on green standards aims to contribute to the sustainable, green, and digital goals of the European Union by providing innovative micro-credential university courses related to environmental and governance standards to improve digital and green opportunities of the higher education sector. Some findings and results of the research project „Boosting the Green Future via University Micro-Credentials“ (B-Green-ED) conducted in four EU countries - Bulgaria, Lithuania, Spain, and Romania - are presented.

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Стойности на земята: изграждане на символни граници срещу строежа на ВЕИ парк в селата Книжовник и Долно Войводино

Author(s): Rosalina Todorova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Drawing upon qualitative data from in-depth and semi-structured interviews, this article discusses the process of social actor construction. In a dynamic situation where non-arable public land – a key resources, which has historically been at the disposal of the local population – is planned for concession for the development of a photovoltaic farm, a new social network emerges. A network, consisting of the two opposing sides – the investor and the locals from the two nearby villages, and the legal land owner – the municipality. In order for this conflict to be resolved, the local villagers attempt to position themselves as a potent civic actor. One that is concise and legitimate. In order to do that, they transform social and symbolic boundaries around themselves and around the land, by employing available cultural repertoires.

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The Role of the Energy Cooperatives in the Decarbonization Process : Scientific Conference

Author(s): / Language(s): English

The coming decades are expected to be critical for the transformation of the energy system worldwide and the energy communities have the potential to be an integral part of the transition towards decarbonisation. In some European countries, such as Italy, active energy communities have been in place for years, while in Bulgaria they have yet to develop. This in turn provides opportunities for investment and business niches. In this context, it is important to explore the experience of Italy, USA and other countries having this type of working structures for years.

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Community Benefits of Energy Cooperatives

Author(s): Georgi Samandov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The processes in Europe and entire World in the last decade have shown us the need of more unification and development of a high-tech, low-carbon and independent energy sector. As a part of a European Union Bulgaria share the common target for secure energy sector, based on a Green Deal target. The Bulgarian authorities have a clear vision, including a timeline for key transition steps towards the 2030 climate and energy targets and towards the 2050 climate neutrality target. Bulgaria has performed reforms which will secure reliable, transparent and competitive energy market environment. One of the most reforms is the involving of the energy communities. They will help to the society to use the own produced energy proper by the implementation of new hi-tech technologies into the existing grid.

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On The Regulatory Hurdles of the Energy Communities

Author(s): Slavtcho Neykov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The decarbonization process of the energy sector is providing new and innovative solutions. The energy communities for this reason become more attractive both from practical and theoretical side. The regulatory changes in this process request special attention and analysis in medium- and long-term perspective. The perspectives for changing the legacy energy system with a new one, based on decentralized, smart model, are requesting strategic evaluation both from technical-economic and legal point of view.

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Тhe Economic Potential of the Vehicle Grid Technology in Bulgaria

Author(s): Silviya Nikolova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

It is difficult to define in a few words all the developments that have brought about humanity's ability in the 21st century to harness one source of energy and transform it into another, for the sole purpose of making the world smaller. It has been 150 years since mankind used scientific advances to achieve one of the most important requirements of modern society: rationing, stock transfer, and market diversification. The invention of the automobile and its natural integration with society not only changed the world but also simplified its existence to a degree unthinkable in previous civilizations. The modern personal mobility device commonly referred to as the “automobile” has become more than just a means of transportation and now symbolizes the coupling of the latest technological advances with everyday life. Not far from this term, an electric-driven, motor-less vehicle has emerged. This vehicle brought with it the advantages of rechargeable electric toys: clean, noiseless, smoke-free, environmentally safe, and the ability to convert potential difference into electric current for mobility purposes. Furthermore, the stored electrical energy moves in the required direction according to human commands. It is the physical reallocation of power and its direction of use from both sides: from the power grid to the user and from the user to the power grid. Especially in the automotive industry, vehicle-to-grid technology represents the final coupling mechanism between the availability of the conventional power grid and motorized energy transfer. It opens the door for the first time to new players in the traditional grid management system: the energy users themselves. With large energy storage devices, such as electric vehicles, in their hands, households can take advantage of the link between supply and demand by reversing the direction of consumption at a national penetration level. Bulgaria is not excluded in the electric vehicle market as part of the European policy to promote a greener society. However, the use of electric vehicles is still limited in Bulgaria today, mainly due to the underdevelopment of the charging network. Therefore, this study takes into account the future development of the EV charging network and overlooks the possibilities of introducing next-generation technologies, which will allow for proper implementation of network augmentation and maximization of the grid capacity. Various scenarios will be modeled, including V2G with no control over charging/discharging timing, V2G scenarios with time control, and opportunistic grid development, utilizing both industry-controlled G2V and non-controlled individual user V2G.

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ЛИДЕРСТВО В НАУЧНИТЕ ИЗСЛЕДВАНИЯ, СВЪРЗАНИ С ИНОВАЦИИ В УСТОЙЧИВА ОКЕАНСКА И КРАЙБРЕЖНА ИКОНОМИКА („BLUE ECONOMY”)

Author(s): Sava Hristov Dimov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The scientific paper discusses some modern aspects of leadership in research related to the construction of a „blue economy“. The first research of the Club of Rome, the production of Gunter Pauli, is mentioned. The ocean strategy of W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne commented. The priorities of the World Bank Group, the Blue Economy Center at Middelebury Institute of International Stuties at Monterey and the European Union's Blue Growth Strategy are highlighted. The idea of setting up an international network of innovators shaping the „blue economic alliance“ and the new market economy is highlighted.

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ИЗСЛЕДВАНЕ ЕНЕРГИЙНАТА ЕФЕКТИВНОСТ НА ЛАБОРАТОРЕН КОМПЮТЪРЕН КЛЪСТЕР

Author(s): Stoianka Mollova,Radoslav Simionov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Cluster systems bring with them many advantages of scalable parallel calculations. Many of these benefits are a result of the cost / performance ratio of large supercomputers. Other important aspects are related to the structure and method of implementation of the cluster structure. Every cluster system realized high performance and fault - tolerance. This issue is being discussed, associated with energy efficiency of cluster system.

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LEAN AND GREEN MANUFACTURING: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Author(s): Sarita Prasad / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The main focus of this paper is to evaluate the past literature work on the relationship and implementation of lean and green manufacturing. Many researchers have been developed many frameworks which has been discussed here. This study will help to understand the practice of Lean are more beneficial with Green as well as green manufacturing can be best combined with lean. This study provides the opportunities for different firms to use lean framework as a medium to make their process Green. This paper provides a sufficient literature to show that the lean practices are beneficial for Green practices.

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Technological Advancement in Renewable Energy

Author(s): A. A. Freeman / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Over recent decades, the global energy sector has undergone a profound transformation due to significant advancements in renewable energy technologies and supportive policies. Key legislative actions in the U.S., including the Inflation Reduction Act, Bipartisan Infrastructure Law, and CHIPS and Science Act, have facilitated an unprecedented financial infusion exceeding $2 trillion to accelerate clean energy development. These laws allocate funds towards upgrading energy infrastructure, incentivizing private investments, and supporting consumer adoption of clean technologies. Notably, the U.S. National Science Foundation's Regional Innovation Engines program, launched in 2022, aims to foster long-term, transformative innovation in clean energy through substantial funding. Technological progress includes dramatic reductions in battery costs, enhancing the affordability and competitiveness of electric vehicles, and advancements in renewable energy technologies such as solar PV and wind. However, challenges persist, particularly in scaling up battery technology and hydrogen production. Addressing these challenges requires ongoing innovation, substantial investment, and supportive policies. The future of a sustainable energy system depends on continued collaborative efforts from governments, industry leaders, and research institutions to meet ambitious decarbonization goals and ensure a resilient energy infrastructure.

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Smart Transport Energy System in the Context of Small Communities

Author(s): K. Lalov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The development of local smart transport energy systems is a crucial enabler of the transition towards a decarbonized renewable energy (RE)-based society with universal energy access as it provides flexibility to integrate variable RE sources. This paper analyses the development of new RE-based local smart transport energy systems (in small communities) while introducing energy technologies and effective methods for smart transport energy systems development, recent progress of energy systems by using RE, practical government measures in pioneer countries for energy systems, development with quantitative data for these countries, and PEST (political, economic, socio-cultural and technological) analysis. Our findings show that the development of smart energy systems requires appropriate policies and that thorough collaboration between all national executive agents like national and local governments and citizens in this regard is crucial. Local smart transport energy systems development needs to be tailored to local conditions, and due consideration must be given new technologies and methods for development, correct policies, investment, collaboration national/local and their citizens, societal support, and citizens acceptance. Creating a smart transport energy system for small communities involves integrating advanced technologies to optimize energy usage, reduce emissions, and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of transportation.

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Electric Mobility and Energy Communities, an Opportunity for Business Cooperation

Author(s): Z. Silagieva / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Energy cooperatives are increasingly spreading worldwide, and Bulgaria is not excluded either. Each energy society builds its energy system so that it can include battery charging systems and charging stations for electric vehicles in order to use its own generated electricity. The energy must be fully utilized both for the homes in the community concerned and for the electric and hybrid vehicles of the relevant users of the community's electricity. Electric mobility also occupies significant positions in its distribution and development worldwide, as the interconnection between the electricity produced by energy communities and the use of part of this energy to charge electric vehicles is close and must be well balanced and legally arranged in order to be able to talk about balanced electricity, balancing the entire energy system and a circular economy.

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Enhancing EU Workforces: Advancing Skills in the Administrative Area for Europe's Future

Author(s): / Language(s): English

Dear Esteemed Readers, We are pleased to present Enhancing EU Workforces: Advancing Skills in the Administrative Area for Europe’s Future a collection of proceedings from the EU-PAIR 2024 International Conference that has been held at Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, Romania, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, during 20th-21st of June 2024. This volume gathers insights, research, and perspectives from academics, PhD. students and practitioners who share a commitment to strengthening Europe’s administrative workforce in response to evolving social and economic needs. This volume tackles some of the most urgent issues surrounding workforce development in the EU, focusing on the administrative sector as a critical component of Europe’s future resilience and progress. Among the central themes, we highlight digital transformation, where contributors examine the need for digital competencies to modernize public administration. The text also discusses the harmonization of educational frameworks across the EU, aimed at creating cohesive strategies for skills advancement that address regional disparities and encourage inclusive workforce development. The volume also emphasizes the significance of lifelong learning and continuous professional development in today’s administrative sectors. Through case studies and policy analysis, the authors showcase effective methods for upskilling that contribute to a robust and adaptable workforce. Innovative training models such as blended learning and competency-based education are presented, offering practical examples of how administrative professionals can quickly adapt to changes and challenges. In addition, this work illustrates the socio-economic impacts of a skilled administrative workforce on the EU’s broader goals. Through data-driven research and detailed case studies, contributors explore how an agile administrative workforce enhances economic stability, fosters social cohesion, and strengthens the effectiveness of EU institutions. The publication makes a compelling case for collaboration across governments, educational institutions, and the private sector to build talent pipelines, ensure cross-border mobility, and create an integrated approach to workforce development. We hope this volume serves as both an inspiration and a resource, offering theoretical insights and practical strategies for advancing skills within Europe’s administrative workforce. As Europe faces an increasingly complex future, we are 9 confident that the ideas and findings in this collection will contribute to a capable, innovative, and resilient workforce prepared to meet the challenges and opportunities of the coming years. Sincerely, Prof. Dr. Hab. Ana-Maria BERCU Editor-in-Chief Enhancing EU Workforces: Advancing Skills in the Administrative Area for Europe’s Future. Proceedings of the International Conference EU-PAIR 2024

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GREENWASHING, CONSUMERS BEHAVIOR AND THE IMPACT ON COMPETITION POLICY

Author(s): Lucia IRINESCU / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Climate change is increasingly affecting people's lives in all sectors. Experts areincreasingly saying that we are heading for a global crisis. Greenwashing is the processof conveying a false impression or misleading information about how a company’sproducts are environmentally sound. Greenwashing involves making an unsubstantiatedclaim to deceive consumers into believing that a company’s products are environmentallyfriendly or have a greater positive environmental impact than they actually do. In orderfor consumers to be empowered to take better-informed decisions and thus stimulate thedemand for, and the supply of, more sustainable goods, they should not be misled about aproduct’s environmental or social characteristics or circularity aspects, such asdurability, reparability or recyclability, through the overall presentation of a product.Comparing products based on their environmental or social characteristics or circularityaspects, such as durability, reparability or recyclability, is an increasingly commonmarketing technique that could mislead consumers, who are not always able to assess thereliability of that information.

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BRIDGING THE SKILLS GAP: INSIGHTS FROM THE PACT FOR SKILLS AND THE EUROPEAN ALLIANCE FOR APPRENTICESHIPS

Author(s): Larisa Panait / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In 2023, 42 occupations were classified as experiencing shortages. Moreover, 74% of European SMEs reported difficulties in finding workers with the right skills according to the Eurobarometer for the European Year of Skills. This highlights the critical need for initiatives like the Pact for Skills and the European Alliance for Apprenticeships (EAfA), which offer opportunities for individuals through apprenticeships, upskilling, and reskilling initiatives. The Pact for Skills is a flagship action under the Skills Agenda and supports public and private organisations in adapting to green and digital transitions. The 20 Large- scale Skills Partnerships (under the Pact) pledged to train over 25 million adults by 2030, enhancing sector-specific skills development. EAfA brings together governments and stakeholders to enhance the quality, supply, and image of apprenticeships in Europe, while promoting apprentice mobility. This article analyses the monitoring and annual surveys from 2023 (Pact for Skills) and 2022-2023 (EAfA) to assess the impact and outcomes of these initiatives. The analysis reveals significant impacts on skills development, with the Pact reaching nearly 1.5 million individuals in 2023 and EAfA facilitating the creation of more than 509,000 apprenticeship places between June 2022 and August 2023. High engagement and substantial investments were noted, with EUR 151 million invested by Pact members. However, financial and human resource limitations, along with administrative challenges, were common obstacles. Successful strategies included stakeholder cooperation, digital project implementation, and international collaboration, with high satisfaction reported for support services and resources.

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GREEN SKILLS AND SUSTAINABILITY EDUCATION: LESSONS FROM A MULTI-COUNTRY PARTNERSHIP

Author(s): Larisa Panait / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

According to the United Nations, over 55% of the world's population currently resides in urban areas, and this figure is projected to rise to nearly 70% by 2050. This rapid urbanisation underscores the urgency of transforming urban environments to be greener and more sustainable. One pivotal aspect of this transformation is the development of skills within the green education sector. Green education equips individuals with the skills necessary to address environmental challenges and fosters innovation in sustainable practices. This article explores the impact of the European Platform for Urban Greening (EPLUG), a Centre of Vocational Excellence, an initiative of the European Commission. EPLUG represents a public-private partnership across Romania, the Netherlands, Finland, Denmark, Spain, and Czechia. EPLUG partners include (vocational) education and training providers, NGOs, companies, European associations, and public authorities. This multi-country partnership enhances learning by allowing partners to share resources and best practices, thereby enriching the educational experience and fostering a more cohesive approach to sustainability. This article investigates the key successes of the EPLUG project, focusing on the enhancement of green skills and sustainability education. Through interviews with various stakeholders from different countries, the article examines a) the added value of collaboration at national, regional, and European levels; and b) examples of green skills and education initiatives. The findings underscore how such partnerships facilitate better skilling, upskilling, and reskilling to meet the challenges posed by the green transition, climate change, among others. Some countries are transforming green curricula with new technologies, while others are expanding green education to broader audiences through public learning experiences or integrating new professional qualifications.

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Kredyty SLL w Polsce – sytuacja obecna i perspektywy

Author(s): Kamila Michowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Sustainability Linked Loans (SLL) have gained increasing attention in Poland, reflecting a broader global trend in sustainable finance. The aim of this chapter is a comprehensive overview of SLLs, comparing the Polish and international markets and evaluating the future prospects of this financial instrument. The study reviews industry standards and examines Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) used in SLLs, assessing their alignment with standards. Findings show, that while SLLs became globally used due to their flexibility, the Polish market is still developing. Environmental KPIs are prevalent in SLLs, whereas social KPIs are less common due to measurement challenges. The paper also notes a recent decline in SLL issuance, likely influenced by stricter EU regulations and high auditing costs.

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Formuła 1 w obliczu potrzeby zrównoważonego rozwoju

Author(s): Maciej Kusz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This chapter analyses Formula 1’s sustainability efforts, with a focus on reducing CO2 emissions in racing, organisation, business travel, and event operations. The research uses a review of historical data and analysis of Formula 1’s initiatives, such as Net Zero Carbon 2030, to assess the effectiveness of emission reduction strategies. Results show minor decreases in emissions from planning and travel, although the growing number of races limits overall progress. Significant reductions were seen in manufacturing emissions. The chapter concludes that while Formula 1 is adopting green technologies, more substantial efforts in different dimensions of Formula 1’s functioning are needed to achieve carbon neutrality by 2030.

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EMBEDDED SYSTEM FOR MEASURING FOOD FRESHNESS

Author(s): Laurențiu Marius Baicu,Mihaela Andrei,Veronica Filimon / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Due to technological advancement and pollution, food quality is decreasing every day. Nowadays, some foods are highly processed. Excessive use of chemicals like preservatives, colourings, and flavours as additives in various foods can create big problems by accumulating them in the body. This uncontrolled use of additives can affect the health of consumers. In this case, the development of an electronic system that can measure the level or volume of additives added to food products and determine the degree of alteration of a food is absolutely necessary to ensure food safety. This paper proposes an embedded solution for food quality and freshness testing. Using a microcontroller and different sensors such as a gas sensor, pH sensor and moisture sensor, different values were measured in different food products. The measured values indicate important characteristics about the deterioration level of the tested food products. Based on the experimental testing of different thresholds, the developed system can provide the necessary information to decide whether a food product can be consumed or not, thus avoiding the commercialisation of dangerous food.

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NEW MATERIALS USED IN CONSTRUCTION AND THEIR IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT

Author(s): Geanina Marcela Podaru / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The new environmental policies promote an integrated approach to enhance quality of life and social well-being by reducing pollution and its harmful effects. Effective environmental protection requires forward-thinking solutions, including climate change adaptation and reducing fossil fuel dependence. However, local initiatives may conflict with national or regional policies. The construction sector is advancing with innovative, efficient, and sustainable technologies that improve quality of life while minimizing costs and environmental impact. Sustainable construction is essential for the industry's long-term development.

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