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Enhancing EU Workforces: Advancing Skills in the Administrative Area for Europe's Future Cover Image

Enhancing EU Workforces: Advancing Skills in the Administrative Area for Europe's Future
Enhancing EU Workforces: Advancing Skills in the Administrative Area for Europe's Future

Contributor(s): Ana-Maria Bercu (Editor), Irina Bilan (Editor), Constantin-Marius Apostoaie (Editor)
Subject(s): Social Sciences, Economy, Public Administration, Public Law, Human Resources in Economy, ICT Information and Communications Technologies, Green Transformation
Published by: Editura Universităţii »Alexandru Ioan Cuza« din Iaşi
Keywords: workforce; skills; Europe; administrative
Summary/Abstract: Dear Esteemed Readers, We are pleased to present Enhancing EU Workforces: Advancing Skills in the Administrative Area for Europe’s Future a collection of proceedings from the EU-PAIR 2024 International Conference that has been held at Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iași, Romania, Faculty of Economics and Business Administration, during 20th-21st of June 2024. This volume gathers insights, research, and perspectives from academics, PhD. students and practitioners who share a commitment to strengthening Europe’s administrative workforce in response to evolving social and economic needs. This volume tackles some of the most urgent issues surrounding workforce development in the EU, focusing on the administrative sector as a critical component of Europe’s future resilience and progress. Among the central themes, we highlight digital transformation, where contributors examine the need for digital competencies to modernize public administration. The text also discusses the harmonization of educational frameworks across the EU, aimed at creating cohesive strategies for skills advancement that address regional disparities and encourage inclusive workforce development. The volume also emphasizes the significance of lifelong learning and continuous professional development in today’s administrative sectors. Through case studies and policy analysis, the authors showcase effective methods for upskilling that contribute to a robust and adaptable workforce. Innovative training models such as blended learning and competency-based education are presented, offering practical examples of how administrative professionals can quickly adapt to changes and challenges. In addition, this work illustrates the socio-economic impacts of a skilled administrative workforce on the EU’s broader goals. Through data-driven research and detailed case studies, contributors explore how an agile administrative workforce enhances economic stability, fosters social cohesion, and strengthens the effectiveness of EU institutions. The publication makes a compelling case for collaboration across governments, educational institutions, and the private sector to build talent pipelines, ensure cross-border mobility, and create an integrated approach to workforce development. We hope this volume serves as both an inspiration and a resource, offering theoretical insights and practical strategies for advancing skills within Europe’s administrative workforce. As Europe faces an increasingly complex future, we are 9 confident that the ideas and findings in this collection will contribute to a capable, innovative, and resilient workforce prepared to meet the challenges and opportunities of the coming years. Sincerely, Prof. Dr. Hab. Ana-Maria BERCU Editor-in-Chief Enhancing EU Workforces: Advancing Skills in the Administrative Area for Europe’s Future. Proceedings of the International Conference EU-PAIR 2024

  • E-ISBN-13: 978-606-714-907-4
  • Page Count: 343
  • Publication Year: 2024
  • Language: English
GREENWASHING, CONSUMERS BEHAVIOR AND THE IMPACT ON COMPETITION POLICY

GREENWASHING, CONSUMERS BEHAVIOR AND THE IMPACT ON COMPETITION POLICY
(GREENWASHING, CONSUMERS BEHAVIOR AND THE IMPACT ON COMPETITION POLICY)

  • Author(s):Lucia IRINESCU
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Law, Constitution, Jurisprudence, Green Transformation
  • Page Range:11-20
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:consumer; competition law; greenwashing; environmental
  • Summary/Abstract:Climate change is increasingly affecting people's lives in all sectors. Experts areincreasingly saying that we are heading for a global crisis. Greenwashing is the processof conveying a false impression or misleading information about how a company’sproducts are environmentally sound. Greenwashing involves making an unsubstantiatedclaim to deceive consumers into believing that a company’s products are environmentallyfriendly or have a greater positive environmental impact than they actually do. In orderfor consumers to be empowered to take better-informed decisions and thus stimulate thedemand for, and the supply of, more sustainable goods, they should not be misled about aproduct’s environmental or social characteristics or circularity aspects, such asdurability, reparability or recyclability, through the overall presentation of a product.Comparing products based on their environmental or social characteristics or circularityaspects, such as durability, reparability or recyclability, is an increasingly commonmarketing technique that could mislead consumers, who are not always able to assess thereliability of that information.
PEDAGOGY PRIME WEB APPLICATION – AN ONLINE TOOL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC CURRICULAR MATERIALS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TPACK COMPETENCY MODEL

PEDAGOGY PRIME WEB APPLICATION – AN ONLINE TOOL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC CURRICULAR MATERIALS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TPACK COMPETENCY MODEL
(PEDAGOGY PRIME WEB APPLICATION – AN ONLINE TOOL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF ACADEMIC CURRICULAR MATERIALS IN THE CONTEXT OF THE TPACK COMPETENCY MODEL)

  • Author(s):Petru-Adrian ISTRIMSCHI, Adrian Iftene
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Education, Communication studies
  • Page Range:21-28
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:TPCK; TPACK; pedagogy; curricula
  • Summary/Abstract:The 2020-2021 COVID-19 pandemic has spawned new ways for teachers and students tointeract. These new ways of interaction between the participants in the didactic act acceleratedthe identification of ways to use technology in the didactic activities. New skills had to beassimilated by the teaching staff to be able to carry out teaching activities. These new skills wereintroduced by education science specialists in a new model of skills necessary for the teacher todeliver a quality didactic act: TPACK (technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge). ThePedagogy Prime web application is a powerful tool for educators, primarily focused onfacilitating Percentage Coverage Analysis to ensure comprehensive course coverage aligns withdiscipline requirements. Beyond this core functionality, features such as Upload Discipline FileRules establish standardized guidelines for systematic file management. Display of CourseMaterials enhances transparency for both teachers and students, offering easy access to coursematerials. User Accounts for Professors and Students create a user-friendly environment,tailoring functionalities to the unique needs of each group. Additionally, CommunicationChannels for Students to Ask Questions About Courses foster real-time interaction, providing inappmessaging and course-specific channels. While our primary goal is to assist teachers inassessing course coverage, these complementary features collectively contribute to an organized,efficient, and collaborative educational experience. We remain dedicated to supportingeducators in navigating course management complexities and ensuring a comprehensive andstreamlined teaching process.The 2020-2021 COVID-19 pandemic has spawned new ways for teachers and students to interact. These new ways of interaction between the participants in the didactic act accelerated the identification of ways to use technology in the didactic activities. New skills had to be assimilated by the teaching staff to be able to carry out teaching activities. These new skills were introduced by education science specialists in a new model of skills necessary for the teacher to deliver a quality didactic act: TPACK (technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge). The Pedagogy Prime web application is a powerful tool for educators, primarily focused on facilitating Percentage Coverage Analysis to ensure comprehensive course coverage aligns with discipline requirements. Beyond this core functionality, features such as Upload Discipline File Rules establish standardized guidelines for systematic file management. Display of Course Materials enhances transparency for both teachers and students, offering easy access to course materials. User Accounts for Professors and Students create a user-friendly environment, tailoring functionalities to the unique needs of each group. Additionally, Communication Channels for Students to Ask Questions About Courses foster real-time interaction, providing inapp messaging and course-specific channels. While our primary goal is to assist teachers in assessing course coverage, these complementary features collectively contribute to an organized, efficient, and collaborative educational experience. We remain dedicated to supporting educators in navigating course management complexities and ensuring a comprehensive and streamlined teaching process.
EMPLOYEE’S PERCEPTIONS ABOUT DIGITALIZATION IN WORK

EMPLOYEE’S PERCEPTIONS ABOUT DIGITALIZATION IN WORK
(EMPLOYEE’S PERCEPTIONS ABOUT DIGITALIZATION IN WORK)

  • Author(s):Elena-Sabina Turnea
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:29-34
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:digital transformation; employees; factors; processes
  • Summary/Abstract:Digitalization relates to much more terms in work: data, information, digitization, virtual environment, etc. Employees must keep up with the transformations that are made at the workplace. Some of them appreciate and agree with what means new in terms of technology, some of them adapt to digitalization slowly, and others are rejecting the idea of improvements with the new changes. This is the problem that conducted us to the idea of analysing the employee’s perceptions regarding digitalization, and factors that support or not this process. Whatever we want or not, in the market changes are made, and people adapt their work to new processes. The current paper aim is to understand through previous studies what makes people to easily accept digitalization. Further, limits and new research ideas are described.
BRIDGING THE SKILLS GAP: INSIGHTS FROM THE PACT FOR SKILLS AND THE EUROPEAN ALLIANCE FOR APPRENTICESHIPS

BRIDGING THE SKILLS GAP: INSIGHTS FROM THE PACT FOR SKILLS AND THE EUROPEAN ALLIANCE FOR APPRENTICESHIPS
(BRIDGING THE SKILLS GAP: INSIGHTS FROM THE PACT FOR SKILLS AND THE EUROPEAN ALLIANCE FOR APPRENTICESHIPS)

  • Author(s):Larisa Panait
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Human Resources in Economy, Green Transformation
  • Page Range:35-42
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:apprenticeship; Pact for Skills; Skills Agenda; reskilling; upskilling
  • Summary/Abstract:In 2023, 42 occupations were classified as experiencing shortages. Moreover, 74% of European SMEs reported difficulties in finding workers with the right skills according to the Eurobarometer for the European Year of Skills. This highlights the critical need for initiatives like the Pact for Skills and the European Alliance for Apprenticeships (EAfA), which offer opportunities for individuals through apprenticeships, upskilling, and reskilling initiatives. The Pact for Skills is a flagship action under the Skills Agenda and supports public and private organisations in adapting to green and digital transitions. The 20 Large- scale Skills Partnerships (under the Pact) pledged to train over 25 million adults by 2030, enhancing sector-specific skills development. EAfA brings together governments and stakeholders to enhance the quality, supply, and image of apprenticeships in Europe, while promoting apprentice mobility. This article analyses the monitoring and annual surveys from 2023 (Pact for Skills) and 2022-2023 (EAfA) to assess the impact and outcomes of these initiatives. The analysis reveals significant impacts on skills development, with the Pact reaching nearly 1.5 million individuals in 2023 and EAfA facilitating the creation of more than 509,000 apprenticeship places between June 2022 and August 2023. High engagement and substantial investments were noted, with EUR 151 million invested by Pact members. However, financial and human resource limitations, along with administrative challenges, were common obstacles. Successful strategies included stakeholder cooperation, digital project implementation, and international collaboration, with high satisfaction reported for support services and resources.
IMPACTS OF MACROECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS ON INCOME INEQUALITY IN EU

IMPACTS OF MACROECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS ON INCOME INEQUALITY IN EU
(IMPACTS OF MACROECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DETERMINANTS ON INCOME INEQUALITY IN EU)

  • Author(s):Bogdan Florin Filip
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:43-52
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:Gini index; macroeconomic determinants; social determinants
  • Summary/Abstract:On the background of strengthening the relationships between the EU countries and of the increasing concerns regarding the equilibrate development of the society both in each EU country and overall, in the entire EU, a very significant subject of debate remains diminishing the income inequality. However, in order to find solutions for this issue, it is mandatory to understand first what drives such inequality. This is why the paper aims to analyze the impact of some important macroeconomic and social determinants, such as GDP, gross capital formation, labor force participation, control of corruption etc. on income inequality in EU countries, during the period between 2004 and 2020. Our analysis leads to conclusions regarding the main drivers of inequality and creates premises also for implementing solutions in order to correct this phenomenon.
SUPPORTING REFUGEE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN EUROPE: A NEW CHALLENGE TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS

SUPPORTING REFUGEE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN EUROPE: A NEW CHALLENGE TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
(SUPPORTING REFUGEE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN EUROPE: A NEW CHALLENGE TO THE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS)

  • Author(s):Akm Zakaria, Jarmila SEBESTOVA
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Public Administration, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:53-62
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:refugees; microfinancing; market policy
  • Summary/Abstract:Refugee entrepreneurship is emerging in countries where migrants seek to rebuild their lives after fleeing due to economic issues, war, or social problems. Refugees often struggle to enter the labour market quickly, making self-employment a viable option. Supporting refugee employment and entrepreneurship aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals. Business minorities typically rely on savings, financial support, or loans from family and friends. They need not only actively support but also financing sources. Another way to secure financial support for starting a business is through commercial support or contributions from the Office of Labour. Refugees face discrimination in lending policies due to a lack of credit history, similar to other start-up entrepreneurs. Financing is also linked to networking and obtaining credit from business partners outside their community. Creating microfinance groups, getting support from microfinance institutions (MFIs), or crowdfunding are suggested solutions. Active interventions must be tailored to national principles focusing on the specific characteristics and situations of refugee groups. Motivating donors and others to support sustainable systems and programs to create a sufficient ecosystem is challenging. The success of these programs is still debated, and measuring real impact is difficult. This article aims to review existing possibilities within EU countries and suggest policy development in countries with higher refugee rates. The research problem is closely related to active labour market policy within countries; a significant group at risk in the labour market includes people of other ethnicities. A qualitative examination of successful programs demonstrates ways to support them. The findings could suggest cooperation between nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) and refugee-led groups to support access to public or private support and provide financial knowledge for start-up training under the wings of public or private organizations.
ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF MEDICAL SERVICES

ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF MEDICAL SERVICES
(ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF MEDICAL SERVICES)

  • Author(s):Monica Agheorghiesei, Ana-Maria Bercu
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Political Sciences, Public Administration
  • Page Range:63-84
  • No. of Pages:22
  • Keywords:ethical dilemmas; management of ethics; medical ethics; ethical principles
  • Summary/Abstract:Ethics management involves describing and analysing the current ethical situation, defining the desired situation and the measures to be taken to achieve it, in full accordance with other forms of management. The approach to ethics management in increasing the quality of medical services can involve both evaluating the consequences and usefulness of actions, as well as observing basic ethical principles and norms.This work includes the study of ethical dilemmas in medical decision-making, the identification and analysis of ethical risks associated with medical practices, the assessment of the impact of policies and regulations in medical ethics, and the development and promotion of high ethical standards in the medical field.The method used to study the management of ethics in hospitals is qualitative research, using content analysis, secondary data (scientific articles). The results will be formulated in the form of conclusions regarding the phenomena and behaviour observed.
THE MAIN DISPARITIES IN PERCEPTIONS BETWEEN EMPLOYEES AND MANAGERS REGARDING THE BENEFITS, CHALLENGES, AND FEASIBILITY OF REMOTE WORK ARRANGEMENTS

THE MAIN DISPARITIES IN PERCEPTIONS BETWEEN EMPLOYEES AND MANAGERS REGARDING THE BENEFITS, CHALLENGES, AND FEASIBILITY OF REMOTE WORK ARRANGEMENTS
(THE MAIN DISPARITIES IN PERCEPTIONS BETWEEN EMPLOYEES AND MANAGERS REGARDING THE BENEFITS, CHALLENGES, AND FEASIBILITY OF REMOTE WORK ARRANGEMENTS)

  • Author(s):Inbar Barazani
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:85-90
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:remote work; disparities; challenges; employees; managers
  • Summary/Abstract:This study provides a detailed examination of the differing perceptions between employees and managers regarding the benefits, challenges, and feasibility of remote work. In an age of rapid technological advancements and changing workplace dynamics, remote work has become a pivotal aspect of modern business, challenging traditional office structures and requiring strategic adaptation from both management and employees. Drawing on a comprehensive literature review and thematic analysis of qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with employees and managers across various industries, the research highlights key themes such as communication strategies, trust-building, and employee well-being. The findings reveal significant disparities in how managers and employees view remote work. Managers often express concerns about maintaining productivity, communication, and organizational culture, while employees emphasize the benefits of increased flexibility, improved work-life balance, and reduced commuting. The study also explores the challenges faced by both groups. Managers struggle with overseeing remote teams, fostering cohesion, and providing necessary support, while employees contend with distractions, staying motivated, and drawing clear boundaries between work and personal life. The lack of face-to-face interaction can heighten feelings of isolation and reduce engagement. Insights from both groups highlight the need for tailored remote work policies that address these varied challenges. The research offers actionable recommendations, such as establishing clear communication channels, leveraging collaboration tools, promoting a supportive culture, and implementing mental health programs. In conclusion, the study underscores the importance of understanding the complex dynamics of remote work. By addressing the perceptual gap between managers and employees, organizations can create a more inclusive, resilient, and productive remote work environment, fostering flexibility and innovation in the digital age.
ANALYZING CONCEPT OF TALENT IN ROMANIAN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS: A QUALITATIVE APPROACH

ANALYZING CONCEPT OF TALENT IN ROMANIAN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS: A QUALITATIVE APPROACH
(ANALYZING CONCEPT OF TALENT IN ROMANIAN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS: A QUALITATIVE APPROACH)

  • Author(s):Cristina HOLBAN
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Public Administration, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:91-104
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:talent; talent management; public institutions; Romania
  • Summary/Abstract:In a world characterized by constant and continuous change, influenced by artificial intelligence and socio-economic issues, identifying talented employees within public sector organizations is becoming increasingly difficult. Although globally research in the field of talent management has intensified in recent years, in Romania the interest of practitioners and the academic community for this field remains limited.Present theories emphasize that the absence of clear definitions and conceptual uncertainties around the terms "talent" and "talent management" create significant challenges in implementing talent management practices on a broad scale.The aim of this study is to contribute to the improvement of existing scientific knowledge in Romania by obtaining a deeper understanding of the concept of talent in the labor market. We conducted a qualitative analysis based on a review of current scientific literature and the use of an Interview Guide applied in Romanian public institutions.The results obtained confirm the existence of an acute crisis of talented personnel and emphasize the need to update human resources policies, strategies and practices in all areas of activity in the public sector.
THE EVOLUTION OF GENDER STEREOTYPES IN LEADERSHIP NARRATIVES

THE EVOLUTION OF GENDER STEREOTYPES IN LEADERSHIP NARRATIVES
(THE EVOLUTION OF GENDER STEREOTYPES IN LEADERSHIP NARRATIVES)

  • Author(s):Pinto Zeala
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:105-115
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:gender stereotypes; feminist theories; leadership representation; tokenism, Queen Bee phenomenon
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper critically examines the evolution of gender stereotypes in leadership narratives from 1970 to 2024, focusing on the shift in portraying male and female leaders. Using a comprehensive theoretical framework that integrates feminist theories, linguistic insights, and leadership representation perspectives, the study explores how leadership narratives have gradually moved away from traditional gendered expectations. Key themes discussed include tokenism, gendered organizations, bias in leadership evaluations (Eagly, Makhijani and Klonsky, 1992), workplace humor (Holmes, 2000), backlash against agentic women (Rudman and Glick, 2001), the communality deficit (Heilman & Okimoto, 2007), emotional expression (Brescoll and Uhlmann, 2008), the glass ceiling (Powell and Butterfield, 2015), and the Queen Bee phenomenon (Derks, Van Laar and Ellemers, 2016). The analysis is anchored in key theoretical foundations such as Role Congruity Theory (Eagly and Karau, 2002) and Social Role Theory, which offer insights into how societal expectations have historically shaped perceptions of leadership competence and authority. The study’s findings, derived from textual analysis, reveal a marked evolution in the language, narrative structures, and gendered portrayals of leadership. The paper highlights the persistence of contradictions, such as the communal deficit and biases favoring male leaders, but also underscores a growing trend toward inclusivity, where leadership traits are evaluated based on competence rather than gender. The discussion contextualizes these changes within broader societal shifts, particularly in the workplace, where efforts to dismantle gendered leadership stereotypes have gained traction. Limitations of the study are acknowledged, particularly the need for empirical data to supplement textual analysis, and future research avenues are proposed. These include further exploration of intersectional dynamics and the implications of global societal changes on leadership narratives.
STRATEGIC PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT: BRIDGING TRADITIONAL AND CREATIVE ACCOUNTING METHODS

STRATEGIC PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT: BRIDGING TRADITIONAL AND CREATIVE ACCOUNTING METHODS
(STRATEGIC PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT: BRIDGING TRADITIONAL AND CREATIVE ACCOUNTING METHODS)

  • Author(s):Eugenia Bogos (Calancea)
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Accounting - Business Administration
  • Page Range:116-120
  • No. of Pages:5
  • Keywords:accounting; performance management; financial performance; creative accounting
  • Summary/Abstract:This article explores the concept of Strategic Performance Management to bridge the gap between conventional accounting practices and the demands of modern business environments. By integrating traditional financial metrics with creative accounting methods, organizations can gain a more holistic understanding of their performance and drive strategic decision-making. Strategic Performance Management is enabling organizations to move beyond the limitations of conventional accounting practices. By incorporating creative accounting techniques, such as non-financial metrics and forward- looking indicators, companies can develop a more holistic view of their performance and align their strategies with the demands of today's competitive markets.The article presents a compelling case for the adoption of Strategic Performance Management to bridge the gap between traditional and creative accounting methods.By embracing this integrated approach, organizations can unlock new opportunities for growth, innovation, and long-term success in the continuously changing business landscape.
GREEN SKILLS AND SUSTAINABILITY EDUCATION: LESSONS FROM A MULTI-COUNTRY PARTNERSHIP

GREEN SKILLS AND SUSTAINABILITY EDUCATION: LESSONS FROM A MULTI-COUNTRY PARTNERSHIP
(GREEN SKILLS AND SUSTAINABILITY EDUCATION: LESSONS FROM A MULTI-COUNTRY PARTNERSHIP)

  • Author(s):Larisa Panait
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Education, Human Resources in Economy, Green Transformation
  • Page Range:121-140
  • No. of Pages:20
  • Keywords:Centres of Vocational Excellence; green education; green skills; multi- country partnership; public-private partnership
  • Summary/Abstract:According to the United Nations, over 55% of the world's population currently resides in urban areas, and this figure is projected to rise to nearly 70% by 2050. This rapid urbanisation underscores the urgency of transforming urban environments to be greener and more sustainable. One pivotal aspect of this transformation is the development of skills within the green education sector. Green education equips individuals with the skills necessary to address environmental challenges and fosters innovation in sustainable practices. This article explores the impact of the European Platform for Urban Greening (EPLUG), a Centre of Vocational Excellence, an initiative of the European Commission. EPLUG represents a public-private partnership across Romania, the Netherlands, Finland, Denmark, Spain, and Czechia. EPLUG partners include (vocational) education and training providers, NGOs, companies, European associations, and public authorities. This multi-country partnership enhances learning by allowing partners to share resources and best practices, thereby enriching the educational experience and fostering a more cohesive approach to sustainability. This article investigates the key successes of the EPLUG project, focusing on the enhancement of green skills and sustainability education. Through interviews with various stakeholders from different countries, the article examines a) the added value of collaboration at national, regional, and European levels; and b) examples of green skills and education initiatives. The findings underscore how such partnerships facilitate better skilling, upskilling, and reskilling to meet the challenges posed by the green transition, climate change, among others. Some countries are transforming green curricula with new technologies, while others are expanding green education to broader audiences through public learning experiences or integrating new professional qualifications.
BURNOUT IN WORK: FACTORS AND SOLUTIONS

BURNOUT IN WORK: FACTORS AND SOLUTIONS
(BURNOUT IN WORK: FACTORS AND SOLUTIONS)

  • Author(s):Elena-Sabina Turnea
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:141-146
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:stress; burnout; factors; employee well-being
  • Summary/Abstract:The burnout syndrome appears when emotional, mental, and physical exhaustion is caused by several stress periods that were not properly managed by employees. Burnout affects individuals and organisations as well. On the one hand, employees start to be and feel unmotivated, discouraged, and without chances of doing something well and productive at work. On the other hand, organizations’ performances start to suffer in terms of productivity, quality, demission’s, and atmosphere. So, both parties can be affected by burnout. Burnout is not identified from the very beginning by organizations, but with the results revealed in terms of key performance indicators. Employees could not be aware at their first burnout of it, but they could understand something about this first bad stage in their life post factum. In this paper a literature review regarding the burnout syndrome is made, revealing factors that conduct to this, and possible solutions to manage it properly.
DIGITALISATION AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF BANKING SECTOR: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

DIGITALISATION AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF BANKING SECTOR: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES
(DIGITALISATION AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF BANKING SECTOR: AN EMPIRICAL INVESTIGATION IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES)

  • Author(s):Angela Roman, Valentina Diana Rusu, Elena Romanciuc
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Financial Markets
  • Page Range:147-164
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Keywords:digitalisation; internet banking; financial performance; banking sector; European Union
  • Summary/Abstract:In the last two decades, digital technologies have significantly transformed the economic environment, including the banking landscape. The emergence of a wide range of digital financial services has led to accelerating the digitalisation of the banking sector, which is thus experiencing profound structural changes. Digitalisation would allow banks to improve the quality of products and services, develop new products and financial services, reduce operational costs and increase the efficiency of their operations. In this context, our study aims to explore the link between digitalisation and the financial performance of the banking sector. Specifically, we strive to empirically investigate the effects of digitalisation on the financial performance of the banking sector, but also to examine how different forms of digitalisation would influence banking performance. Our empirical analysis is based on panel data, covering a time frame of 10 years (from 2012 to 2021) and 28 member states of the European Union, divided into two subgroups, namely euro zone states and non-eurozone states. In our empirical model, we include a representative indicator for measuring banking performance and a set of indicators measuring the digitalisation of the banking sector. In addition, we include several control variables, represented by both macroeconomic indicators and indicators specific to the banking sector. The results of the empirical analysis suggest that digitalisation significantly impacts the financial performance of the European banking sector. Our estimates indicate that the number of ATMs and the value of card transactions through points of sales are negatively and significantly associated with the financial performance of the banking sector in the analysed countries. On the other hand, we find that Internet banking has a positive effect on financial performance. Through its content, our research provides new insights into the implications of digitalisation in the banking sector.
BENEFITS AND EFFECTS OF USING AI IN INSURANCE

BENEFITS AND EFFECTS OF USING AI IN INSURANCE
(BENEFITS AND EFFECTS OF USING AI IN INSURANCE)

  • Author(s):Carmen Toderașcu, Dora-Anca Berta, Ovidiu Stofor
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Financial Markets, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:165-175
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:life insurance; insurance sales; artificial intelligence
  • Summary/Abstract:Insurance is one of the financial fields which registered an extraordinary evolution during the time. Even if the existence of different forms of insurance has been attested since ancient times, there is a mentality that looks at the financial products offered by this branch like "something new on the market". While some insurances are compulsory, the vast majority are optional, so that the individual's priorities list often does not include the purchase of such services. Thus, the insurance consultant's ability to identify together with the potential client, the latter's needs, so that he can offer appropriate financial solutions to the client, is important in carrying out such transactions.Artificial intelligence, one of the most frequently used IT trends of late, can help in this area, making up for the lack of experience that many insurance consultants may have.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND SLOVAKIA REPUBLIC: CASE OF KARVINÁ AND ČADCA

ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND SLOVAKIA REPUBLIC: CASE OF KARVINÁ AND ČADCA
(ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC AND SLOVAKIA REPUBLIC: CASE OF KARVINÁ AND ČADCA)

  • Author(s):Dominik Salat, Petra Krejčí
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:176-194
  • No. of Pages:19
  • Keywords:development trend; entrepreneurship; entrepreneurial opportunities; industry
  • Summary/Abstract:Historically important towns where business, particularly in forestry, mining and quarrying, has only prospered. Today, these are almost forgotten jewels of the countries. Time has gradually left its mark on these towns and the interest of investors has faded from these two important border towns. As time passed and everything changed, these cities failed to react in due season and adapt to these dynamic conditions. The reason for choosing these cities is also their similarity. Apart from the fact that both are border towns of two different states with a shared fate, they are also similar in other aspects. They have an identical total surface area. The aim of this article is to explore the similarities and differences of these cities in the field of entrepreneurship. There will be a focus on the industries in these cities. The monitoring period will be 2010 to 2022. Following these, four hypotheses were set to answer the scientific question "Do the cities of Karviná and Čadca have the same development trend?" Based on this analysis, it will be determined which city is attractive for which industries. The results will be compared to each other and it will be determined what direction the two cities have taken and if there is a correlation between the sectors of these cities. The trend of entrepreneurship in these towns will be identified as well. Research can also identify new unexploited entrepreneurial opportunities for entrepreneurs.
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INCLUSIVENESS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: HOW MOLDOVA, GEORGIA AND UKRAINE ALIGN WITH EU MEMBER STATES IN BENEFIT-SHARING AND PARTICIPATION

A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INCLUSIVENESS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: HOW MOLDOVA, GEORGIA AND UKRAINE ALIGN WITH EU MEMBER STATES IN BENEFIT-SHARING AND PARTICIPATION
(A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INCLUSIVENESS AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: HOW MOLDOVA, GEORGIA AND UKRAINE ALIGN WITH EU MEMBER STATES IN BENEFIT-SHARING AND PARTICIPATION)

  • Author(s):Rodica Pisica
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Socio-Economic Research
  • Page Range:195-225
  • No. of Pages:31
  • Keywords:EU enlargement; Inclusiveness Index; Principal Component Analysis; k-means clustering; Granger causality
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper presents a comparative analysis of inclusiveness among the new EU candidate countries—Moldova, Ukraine, and Georgia—alongside the EU-26 member states, focusing on benefit-sharing and participation as crucial elements of economic integration. Using data from 2006 to 2019, the research applies Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to construct an inclusiveness index that quantifies and compares economic and social outcomes (income inequality, poverty, and employment). Subsequent k-means clustering classifies the countries into groups based on levels of inclusiveness, revealing variations in adaptation to EU social and economic standards. Additionally, the Granger causality test demonstrates that the computed inclusiveness index Granger-causes GDP per capita at lags 3 and 4. The findings indicate differential progress among the new candidate countries, each showing unique trajectories in aligning with the EU’s inclusive growth framework. This analysis provides insights into the efficacy of EU-associated reforms and their impact on socio-economic disparities. The research not only highlights the variations in inclusiveness across the 26 European Union member states and the three new candidate states but also provides certain implications for policy interventions to support the EU's enlargement agenda.
CHALLENGES AND DYNAMICS OF THE AI ECONOMY IN THE EU ADMINISTRATIVE AREA

CHALLENGES AND DYNAMICS OF THE AI ECONOMY IN THE EU ADMINISTRATIVE AREA
(CHALLENGES AND DYNAMICS OF THE AI ECONOMY IN THE EU ADMINISTRATIVE AREA)

  • Author(s):Paula Cobzaru, Alexandru Țugui
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Public Administration
  • Page Range:226-244
  • No. of Pages:19
  • Keywords:AI economy; European Union; AI business model; AI labor market; automation
  • Summary/Abstract:The AI economy is a dynamic component of the digital ecosystem, contributing to social advancement while varying across different regions. We aim to discover the challenges and dynamics of the AI economy models within the EU, comparing them to the other global regions, along with the current state of the theoretical debates and regulations, to deepen and transfer knowledge and policies among the parties.Exploring a mixed-methods approach, the research combines a quantitative systematic review with content analysis of academic publications. We analyzed 12 papers from the Scopus database, published between 2019 and 2024, using the keywords “AI economy." Our findings indicate that in the EU, ethical considerations and regulatory frameworks take precedence over rapid technological innovation. The EU prioritizes sustainable business models over short-term productivity gains, in contrast to the market-driven approach. Strong social policies to support labor force displacement are preferred over a market-driven approach.The study emphasizes that proactive ethical guidelines and reskilling initiatives are critical to mitigating the adverse effects of automation to balance innovation, business productivity, and societal well-being, addressing both job displacement and the long-term social capabilities of the AI economy.
THE PUBLIC DEBT`S IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH. EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES CASE STUDY

THE PUBLIC DEBT`S IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH. EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES CASE STUDY
(THE PUBLIC DEBT`S IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH. EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES CASE STUDY)

  • Author(s):Alin Vasile Străchinaru
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Public Administration
  • Page Range:245-260
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:economic growth; public debt; multivariate regression
  • Summary/Abstract:The events dynamics of the recent decades have confirmed an open relationship between economic growth and public debt. If the first represents the central pillar of sustainable development, the debt constitutes, depending on its approach, a destabilizing factor or a motivational one for achieving the objectives. This study aims to capture the significant indicators` influence on the economic growth dynamics, by using a multivariate regression. The data are collected from the official websites of financial institutions (Eurostat, OECD, respectively IMF) and refer to European Union countries. The analyzed period is between 2000 and 2022 (official data), with an annual frequency. The regression results provide real growth prospects that must be taken into account in developing future strategies. Along with prudence and taking responsibility, increased attention to the flexibility concept is required. In particular, these findings emphasize the need to implement both public policies connected to economic reality and financial-monetary instruments that support economic growth. In this sense, the public debt level does not represent an obstacle, but an asset that supports economic growth, sustainable development at the European Union level.
REMOTE WORKING AND WELL-BEING – THE PURSUIT OF A FAIR BALANCE IN EUROPE

REMOTE WORKING AND WELL-BEING – THE PURSUIT OF A FAIR BALANCE IN EUROPE
(REMOTE WORKING AND WELL-BEING – THE PURSUIT OF A FAIR BALANCE IN EUROPE)

  • Author(s):Carmen Moldovan
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Human Resources in Economy
  • Page Range:261-268
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:health; employees; human rights
  • Summary/Abstract:There are many lessons to be learned from the COVID-19 pandemic concerning working environment and the challenges on various aspects of private life. The need for companies to adapt and continue their activities during unprecedented circumstances created new solutions that impacted on flexibility and resilience both of the business sector and of the persons working therein. The main aim of this paper is not to analyse specific national legislation on remote working before and after the pandemic, but rather to address the question of a fair balance between work efficiency and wellbeing of the employees. The lack of a comprehensive definition of wellbeing and digital wellbeing gives rise to a continuous tension between employers and employees and in the post pandemic reality the focus is no longer only on high productivity but on specific rights of employees which were not the principal object of employers` concern.Well-being is closely linked to a person’s state of health, it is a very complex notion which needs to be addressed and clarified. In the constant evolution of technology and digital environment, it will constitute an important factor in the work relationships. Present and future developments in this concern will be explored by the paper.
THE EVOLUTION OF THE ROMANIAN POLICE FROM THE MILITIA DURING THE COMMUNIST PERIOD

THE EVOLUTION OF THE ROMANIAN POLICE FROM THE MILITIA DURING THE COMMUNIST PERIOD
(THE EVOLUTION OF THE ROMANIAN POLICE FROM THE MILITIA DURING THE COMMUNIST PERIOD)

  • Author(s):GABRIEL CRAP
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Politics / Political Sciences, Social Sciences
  • Page Range:269-283
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Keywords:Police; Militia; international structures
  • Summary/Abstract:During the last decade Romania has undergone major political transformation from communist regimes to democratic forms of government. Despite changes--introducing police ranks, changing uniforms, prohibiting party affiliation, police find it more difficult to persuade citizens that they have really changed. The article details the modifications that came about in tandem with the evolution of the Romanian Police following Romania's 1990 political upheaval. The relationship between socioeconomic shifts and the corresponding modifications to law enforcement agencies has received special attention. These modifications range from renaming the Militia to the Police to altering its personnel, organizational structure, and legal framework. The Romanian Police is a professional organization that serves the public and is commemorating its 202th anniversary in 2024.
BOARD GENDER DIVERSITY AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS

BOARD GENDER DIVERSITY AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS
(BOARD GENDER DIVERSITY AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE: A BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS)

  • Author(s):Camelia Cătălina Mihalciuc, Maria Grosu, Ciprian Apostol, Anisoara Niculina Apetri
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy
  • Page Range:284-303
  • No. of Pages:20
  • Keywords:bibliometric analysis; gender diversity; business performance; female leadership; boards of directors
  • Summary/Abstract:Gender differences have become essential topics in the works of researchers dealing with topics related to the relationship between business performance and board diversity, with particular emphasis on the female presence in these boards, due to the specific characteristics of women in management actions, and in many studies the positive relationship found in this direction is stated. This paper aims, on the one hand, to provide a contextual analysis, through a literature review, in order to investigate the influence of gender diversity in boards of directors on business performance, and on the other hand, to examine the concerns and research directions related to the issue under research, through a bibliometric analysis, in order to highlight the links between the concepts analysed, by mapping them, thus providing a broad perspective on the dynamics of the scientific literature studied. In this methodological approach specific to bibliometrics, we will resort to the temporal analysis of the evolution of research studies, which have been published on the Web of Science platform, in the last 23 years, from 2000 to 2023. on the topic of gender diversity and its link with business performance, returning for the period under analysis, over 19,000 results, which allowed us to understand the theoretical and conceptual basis behind gender influences in the context of business performance and to develop new research directions.
DIGITAL COMPETENCE AND AI AS A FACTOR FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AFFAIRS

DIGITAL COMPETENCE AND AI AS A FACTOR FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AFFAIRS
(DIGITAL COMPETENCE AND AI AS A FACTOR FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION AFFAIRS)

  • Author(s):Lyubimka Andreeva
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Public Administration, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
  • Page Range:304-313
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:digitization; digital competence; artificial intelligence (AI); civil servants; sustainability; public sector
  • Summary/Abstract:Improving digital skills is one of the main priorities, not only at national, but also at the level of the European Union in terms of a post-pandemic period and the accumulation of crises of all types. Therefore, digitization as a form of work should be seen as a key advantage, as an opportunity to overcome crises. In that sense, we can argue that the essence of the digital transformation of human resources lies in the creation of a culture, a digitalization strategy to achieve an advantage, in turn, digitalization involves learning not just how to use digital skills, but how to use them to achieve sustainability. From this point of view, the aim of the article is to outline the digital transformation in public administration affairs, focusing on the so-called digital competence, as part of the general framework of competences for civil servants at national and supranational level and in the light of the influence of the artificial intelligence (AI). More specifically, the aim is to outline the main problems and challenges, both in formulating and introducing the concept of "digital competence", as well as the challenges to its implementation and application. Therefore, the results of the article could serve for the competent introduction of a workable model for digital competence as part of artificial intelligence in the conditions of a changed environment. The methodology of the article includes comparative analysis of national and supranational levels regarding the European framework of Digital competences and national documents.
EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION: ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES

EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION: ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES
(EUROPEAN ECONOMIC AND MONETARY UNION: ACHIEVEMENTS AND CHALLENGES)

  • Author(s):GILLES GRIN
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Public Administration
  • Page Range:314-326
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:European Communities; European Union; history; monetary integration; economic integration
  • Summary/Abstract:This contribution, based on a historical perspective, aims to provide a synthesis of the achievements, limitations and challenges of European economic and monetary union (EMU). While monetary policy has been federalised between twenty of the twenty-seven EU member States, economic union remains an incomplete achievement. We shall concentrate on the latter. The initial focus will be on two fundamental reports, the 1970 Werner report and the 1989 Delors report. We shall then look at the design of the Maastricht Treaty regarding EMU: monetary union was placed on a solid footing while economic union was a weak construction. We shall then move on to the consequences of the 2008 crisis, with monetary union under attack and the creation of an economic union2.0. We will then question the possibility of moving towards an economic union 3.0 and investigate the resilience of national sovereignty. We shall conclude with the existence of major challenges for the future.
INNOVATIVE FINANCIAL ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN ACCOUNTING PRACTICES

INNOVATIVE FINANCIAL ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN ACCOUNTING PRACTICES
(INNOVATIVE FINANCIAL ANALYSIS IN THE CONTEXT OF MODERN ACCOUNTING PRACTICES)

  • Author(s):Eugenia Bogos (Calancea)
  • Language:English
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Economy, Accounting - Business Administration
  • Page Range:327-341
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Keywords:accounting; financial analysis; financial information; creative accounting
  • Summary/Abstract:The transformation of financial analysis within modern accounting practices is a critical development in the financial landscape. This article explores the impact of digitalization and technological advancements on accounting, emphasizing the importance of modern accounting practices and the consequent evolution of financial analysis. By examining the integration of technologies such as artificial intelligence, cloud computing, and blockchain, we highlight how these innovations enhance efficiency, accuracy, and strategic decision-making. The findings illustrate that the shift towards automated, real- time financial analysis is not merely a trend but a necessity for organizations aiming to thrive in a competitive environment.
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