We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.
The aim of this article is to show the activities of the non-governmental organization ‘Memorial’ that are aimed at building historical memory and developing civic awareness of state terror and crimes committed by the communist regime. ‘Memorial’ also aims to show the politics of memory pursued by the Russian authorities after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
More...
This article explores some aspects of the idea of authority in culture. It considers the various meanings and uses of the word “authority” and briefly looks at aspects of the history of the concept of authority, especially under the Roman Republic, and at the way in which the word later lost its range of meanings and became associated with power and influence. It considers some passages of Aquinas and Augustine on the relationships which can obtain between authority, knowledge and opinion, and ventures a partial definition of culture as a sphere of opinion rather than knowledge. It discusses the ways in which the manipulation of the concept of authority, and the pseudo-authority exerted by culturally influential figures, especially when these are accepted as “moral authorities,” can be culturally and socially damaging. It concludes that authority in the proper sense can play no role in those aspects of culture which belong to the sphere of opinion.
More...
Anonimowy autor Kwestii do Pryscjana (Quaestiones super Institutionibus grammaticis Priscianirkps. Kraków, BJ 649 ff. 231ra–252vb) powstałych w końcu XIII wieku w Paryżu podzielał wiarę uczonych swoich czasów w zbawienny charakter wiedzy. Gramatyka jako podstawa innych nauk i — dodajmy — nauka teoretyczna, bo taki charakter ma wykład naszego autora, jest według niego upragnionym dobrem (bonum appetendum) i jedną z najlepszych rzeczy w życiu (optima vitae, bona optima). Sam autor przysparza nam w dwóch spośród swoich kwestii także pewnego niezaprzeczalnego dobra (i przyjemności). W latach osiemdziesiątych XX wieku Jean Jolivet zwrócił uwagę na to, że Radulphus Brito był bodaj jedynym autorem modystycznym, który próbował odpowiadać na pytanie o to, jak to jest możliwe, że twory intelektu, jakimi są sposoby oznaczania, wiążą się ze słowami mówionymi i pisanymi, czyli materialnymi, i mają na nie wpływ. Otóż okazuje się, że Radulphus nie był tutaj pierwszy. Taka problematyka i jej rozwiązanie pojawia się u wcześniejszego od Radulpha anonimowego autora znanego z rękopisu BJ 649. Powie on wcześniej to, co odkrył u Radulpha Jolivet, a mianowicie, że co prawda sposoby oznaczania są dziełem intelektu spekulatywnego, ale możliwość ich oddziaływania na materialne wyrazy zawdzięczamy intelektowi praktycznemu.
More...
In this article, I present nine fragments from the works of Thomas Aquinas quoted by John of Dąbrówka in his Commentum in Chronicam Polonorum magistri Vincentii dicti Kadłubek. This Commentum is reckoned to be the first textbook of Polish history ever produced. Its chapters are divided into two parts: in the first, John of Dąbrówka summarizes the historical facts described by Vincentius Kadłubek; in the second, he gives us a philosophical and moral commentary on them. In this commentary, he quotes many ancient, medieval, and early-Renaissance authors. Aquinas is among them, but he is quoted infrequently. Because John of Dąbrówka is most interested in questions of state, authority, civic virtues, and the problems of society, he quotes the Secunda secundae of the Summa theologiae most frequently. Yet we also find in this work fragments from the Prima secundae, the Sententia libri Ethicorum, Super Epistolam B. Pauli ad Romanos and Super Evangelium S. Matthaei. Some of these quotations are explicit and some are hidden or inexact. The article presents these citations in a wider context, providing longer fragments from Vincentius Kadłubek and John of Dąbrówka. Some fragments from John of Dąbrówka presented herein have been never translated into Polish until now.
More...
Dla każdego teologa teksty soborowe stanowią jedno z podstawowych źródeł teologicznych. Od 2007 roku mamy pierwszy komplet tekstów soborów powszechnych — od Soboru Nicejskiego (325) po Vaticanum I (1869–1870) — dzię- ki czterotomowemu wydaniu Dokumentów soborów powszechnych pod redakcją ks. Arkadiusza Barona i ks. Henryka Pietrasa. Szczególnie cenny jest kompletny zbiór tekstów źródłowych z towarzyszą- cym mu przekładem. Każdy wydawca wielojęzycznych tekstów zdaje sobie sprawę z ilości pracy, która towarzyszy takiemu przedsięwzięciu. Jest to praca imponująca: dokumenty pierwszych soborów (znajdziemy je w pierwszym tomie obejmującym sobory od Soboru Nicejskiego I do Soboru Nicejskiego II w 787 roku) są przedstawione w większości w układzie trójjęzycznym — oryginalny tekst grecki, starożytny łaciński przekład i polskie tłumaczenie zostały zaprezentowane symultanicznie, co niezwykle ułatwia poruszanie się po nich. Tom III, poświęcony soborom XV-wiecznym, został wzbogacony dodatkowo tekstami ormiańskimi i arabskimi. Ostatnia, czwarta część, ma dwa tomy, które obejmują soborowe teksty od Soboru Laterańskiego V (1512–1517) po Sobór Watykański I.
More...Na marginesie lektury Herodota
The Histories by Herodotus can also be read as a work on xenology, which helps to show how what came to be Hellenic emerged from what was foreign in the early stages of Hellenic culture development. Greek civilization, which was the first to formulate cosmopolitan ideas, owed much of its genius to the extraterritorial nature of the sea. It is thanks to the sea that the civilization, and its Athenian variant in particular, evolved into a lifestyle that could be adapted anywhere. One of its essential features was the permanent experience of the foreign, both in terms of contact with what was foreign and of being foreign oneself.
More...
Review of: Mots médiévaux offerts à Ruedi Imbach, (red. I. Atucha, D. Calma, C. König-Pralong, I. Zavattero), Porto: International Federation of Institutes of Medieval Studies, 2011 (Texts and studies of the Middle Ages, 57), 797 p. by: Magdalena Bieniak
More...
The “False Donation of Constantine” (Latin, Donatio Constantini), or more correctly, the “Decree of Constantine” (Constitutum Constantini) was regarded throughout the entire Middle Ages as an authentic act of the Roman Emperor Constantine I “the Great” (306–337), transferring the prerogatives of imperial power and some unspecified western territories of the Empire to the possession of the Papacy. This document, at different stages of its functioning, was used by the Frankish higher clergy (who were responsible for its fabrication) in its efforts to become independent from local monarchic powers (IX century), the Papacy fighting for primacy in Christendom with the Empire (XI–XIII centuries), as well as by the French legists demonstrating independence of the Kingdom of France from the Papacy (XIV century). Only in the first half of the XV century did humanists such as Nicholas of Cusa and Lorenzo Valla question the authenticity of the Donation on the grounds of its stylistically awkward use of the Latin language, internal contradictions, and logical shortcomings. The forgery comprises two parts: the first part (§1–10) includes the statement of the Christian faith professed by the Emperor and a personal account of the circumstances of his conversion; the second one (§11–20) describes in detail the elements of emoluments (i.e., payments for offices) and powers granted by the Emperor, elevating the Pope and the Church to the highest rank within the Empire. The Latin text of the original document is presented in the article alongside its Polish translation.
More...
One of the inherent elements of each edition is the research apparatus, consisting of a philological apparatus and a source apparatus. With respect to the source apparatus, this element of the edition has not hitherto been reflected upon in any depth. Therefore, the author, having analysed contemporary editions of the works of St. Thomas Aquinas (prepared primarily by members of the Leonine Commission), briefly presents here several structural models of the source apparatus. In the editions discussed here, he points out two types of source apparatus: 1) the primary source apparatus, and 2) the specialist source apparatus. The purpose of primary source apparatus is to identify the sources which have been explicitly signalled in the text of the edition as well as those which, in all probability, were the inspiration for the medieval author himself. Adding any other commentaries (such as historical and doctrinal analyses, parallels to other writers, and so on) is unnecessary and indeed undesirable. After all, it is the work itself that is important, and the editor and his erudition should remain in the background. This type of source apparatus was prepared, among others, by A. Dondaine, P.-M. Gils, L.-J. Bataillon, H.-F. Dondaine, L. Reid and J.-P. Torrell. In its identification of sources that have been explicitly or implicitly signalled in the work being edited, the specialist source apparatus actually fulfils the same function as the primary source apparatus. The differences between the two types are apparent, though, at the level of substantive content as well as in the structure of the apparatus. In preparing a specialist source apparatus, the editor becomes an educator: he shares his own reflections on the text with the reader. The specialist source apparatus contains an extensive network of references to other writers, a wide historical and doctrinal context, an extensive Latin commentary, a wealth of fragments from both manuscripts and printed texts, and numerous comments and suggestions. It is possible to point out two sub-types of specialist source apparatus, which vary in structure and in the method used to present editorial commentary: the single-level and double-level apparatus. R.-A. Gauthier is regarded as the main promoter of the specialist source apparatus.
More...
This text is devoted to the singularity and theatricalization of the humanities.
More...
Victor Shklovsky’s Third Factory is the third part of the so-called “autobiographical trilogy”, which was first published in 1926, i.e. after Shklovsky’s return from abroad, following his unwilling emigration. As a literary work, it is not easily classified. In part, it is a memoir of the three “factories” that influenced Shklovki’s development both as a writer and a witness of his time. In addition to fictional and biographical elements, Third Factory also includes anecdotes about writers, literary critics and theorists (e.g. Roman Jakobson, Yuri Tynianov, Boris Eikhenbaum, and Y. Polivanov) as well as letters and memoirs, which are published here in a Polish translation for the first time.
More...
This article is a review of the multiple-author book titled Księgowanie. Literatura, kobiety, pieniądze [Bookkeeping: Literature, Women, and Money], which was published by Szczecin University Press in 2014. The collection contains articles that are devoted to the economic aspects of Polish women’s lives, as they have been discussed in literature (i.e. fiction, autobiographical and journalistic writings, etc.) from Romanticism until the present day, with particular focus on the financial situation of women writers.
More...
Fragmenty o czasie i miejscach pamięci [Fragments about Time and Places of Remembrance] are concerned with unpublished fragments of Kazimierz Bartoszyński’s papers (”Wstęp do książki zbiorowej o czasie” [”Introduction to a collective work on time”]), memoirs (”Wspomnienia z Łańcuta” [”Memoir of Łańcut”]) and ideas (”Fragmenty książki o czasie” [”Fragments of a book on time”]). These fragments were preserved in the form of typescripts, notes and oral accounts that had been taken down by Professor Bartoszyński’s wife.
More...
The author of this article discusses Kazimierz Bartoszyński’s didactic activity and writings, i.e. his doctoral thesis titled O powieściach Fryderyka Skarbka [On Fryderyk Skarbek’s Novels] (which was published in 1963) and his later articles on the gawęda (i.e. a story stylized as an oral tale) and historical novel (which are collected in the volume titled O polskich prozach powieściowych – słynnych i nieco zapomnianych [On Polish Prose Novels – Those Famous and Slightly Forgotten Ones] (2011)). These writings were a continuation of the studies of the 19th-century novel that had been conducted in Poznań.
More...
Prof. Kazimierz Bartoszyński was one of the most respected theoreticians of literature in Poland. He worked closely with the Institute of Literary Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences. The period of Professor Bartoszyński’s greatest activity as a researcher coincided with the time when he was fascinated with structuralism, but his interests went far beyond these methodological issues. The author of this memoir, who was the Professor’s doctoral student, portrays him through the prism of their conversations on scholarly topics and her private relationship with Mr. and Mrs. Bartoszyński, which lasted for many years.
More...
This is an anecdotal memoir of Kazimierz Bartoszyński, which describes the community of members of the Institute of Literary Research and their university colleagues from all over Poland. It was at this institute that the largest scholarly project related to Polish studies was set up. This project was carried out for half a century and resulted in organizing annual conferences on literary theory as well as in publishing the proceedings of these conferences.
More...
This is a memoir of Professor Kazimierz Bartoszyński. The theme of this essay is silence – literary silence, which is the result of convention, anecdotal silence, which prompts scholarly meetings and friendships, and metaphysical silence, which is connected with death.
More...
V dňoch 16. – 17. mája 2017 sa v priestoroch Filozofickej fakulty Univerzity Komenského vBratislave konala interdisciplinárna vedecká konferencia Jozef Miloslav Hurban — osobnosť v spoločnosti a reflexii. Organizátorom konferencie bol Historický ústav Slovenskej akadémie vied v spolupráci s Ústavom slovenskej literatúry SAV, Slovenskou historickou spoločnosťou pri SAV aKatedrou slovenskej literatúry a literárnej vedy FiF UK.
More...