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The author, on the basis of the study of the commentaries and prefaces to Wujek’s Bible of 1599, depicts the image of the Jews, their language and their customs as it was presented by Jakub Wujek and his contemporaneous fellow Jesuits. The author refers to the sources of the information contained in Wujek’s Bible, evaluates it in the context of the religious situation in the Renaissance Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and attempts at establishing the realm and power of the influence it had on readers.
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The collapse of communism in Romania in 1989 has left its imprint also on the minority policies. The article tries to outline the factors that influenced the minority policies of the Romanian governments and their development over the past quarter of a century, while laying a major focus on education and the use of the mother tongue. The Romanian legislation in these fields in the post-communist period gives good grounds to conclude that there has been a considerable progress towards the extension of minority rights. A major role for that has played the need to harmonize the Romanian legislation with the European rules and directives. A significant factor for the change was also the active policy of the UDMR, which firmly defended the rights of the Hungarian minority. At the same time, it should be noted that while making numerous concessions, the Romanian government had made it clear that these concessions could only be made within certain limits.
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For more than two centuries the Albanian factor in Macedonia has been an objective and dynamically changing reality. It has manifested itself as an ethnic, demographic, socio-economic factor during the Ottoman rule and in Unitarian Yugoslavia; as an ethnic minority, political and constitutional crisis – at the time of SFR Yugoslavia; ten years after the establishment of independent Republic of Macedonia, since the beginning of 2001, the Albanian factor has turned into a major problem for the existence and sovereignty of the country.
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On 1 July 2013 Croatia became part of the European Union, but that happened nine years after Slovenia. The Croatian nationalism, flourishing in the 1990s was hostile to the very idea of united Europe. In 1991 – 1992 when a great part of the Croatian territory was under Serbian control, the Western countries supported and recognized the new state. But this positive image quickly changed after its participation in the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and especially after the military operation “Storm” in 1995, when around 300,000 Serbs were forced to leave the country. As a result, European politicians did not invite Croatia in 1997 to start negotiations for accession to the EU. In late 1990s the country was in complete international isolation. Tudjman was against every initiative for regional or European cooperation. Building its own independent state Croats were very suspicious to all mega-national projects and initiatives.
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This article explores an actual and online street protest which unfolded over a series of weeks in the Spring of 2013 when Cyprus experienced an economic crisis following the ‘bailout’-‘haircut of March 2013. In an effort to contextualize and explore the performative aspects of these events the author links this to art and protest as an expression of alternativeness and an avant-garde spirit embodying resonances of 1960’s and 1970’s art and protest as performative happenings. It is argued, unlike other similar contemporary contexts of economic crisis in the EU, such as Greece, Portugal and Spain, protests in Cyprus may not have been so massively populated but the spirit of performative art was expressed in innovative ways, as documented and shared through social media as an alternative platform of expression, which ultimately fills a void that exists in the contemporary Cypriot political landscape.
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From 2002 to 2015 a considerable number of large-scale, geopolitical bannered exhibitions have been dedicated to the ‘the Balkans.’ This article aims to analyze and compare two types of regional, large scale exhibitions from/on the Balkans: contemporary art exhibitions and interpretative (dedicated to historical and ethnographic themes) exhibitions. The pervasiveness of the stereotypical visual representations of ‘the Balkans’ – called by the Bulgarian artist Luchezar Boyadjiev the ‘Balkan blue’ – as a region of everlasting conflicts and binary oppositions coincides with the birth of contemporary Balkan art. By attempting to overcome the stereotypical images of the Balkans (‘the Balkan ethos’) still prevalent in our days, the travelling exhibition ‘Imagining the Balkans: Identities and Memory in the Long 19th Century’ – opened in Ljubljana (Slovenia) at the National Museum of Slovenia, in April 2013 and then displayed in other national museums of history from the Balkan region – endeavors to place national histories in a perspective where they interact.
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This article is devoted to the historical and ethnographic description of the city of Wenshan — the administrative center of the Wenshan Zhuang and Miao Autonomous Prefecture. This city, unattractive from the point of view of tourism, has an important historical and cultural content, encoded in its name, and associated with the fate of many non-Han peoples inhabiting it, and with the dramatic history of the national policy of Chinese power in different dynastic periods. The author attempted to reveal this content and to introduce ethnographic and historical plots into the Russian science, to help the reader better understand the ethno-social processes that took place in the past of this city and the country as a whole. Special attention is paid to such political institutions as Tu si and Liu Guan. They are the systems of indirect and direct administration, which represented the confrontation, the periodic dominance of the manifestations of the local and the central authorities, which determined the form of management of peripheral territories, which is now used in China. The example of Wenshan, which appeared as a reaction to the conflict between Tu si and Liu Guan, gives us the opportunity to see the high price and value of peace in the history of the Chinese multiethnic society.
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The neutrality as a theoretical concept and status, which has found its applicability in times and geopolitical conjunctures, is an issue, susceptible to research both in scientific and analytical papers. Recognizing the complexity of the institution of neutrality, the researchers concerned of the subject deal with the issue of neutrality nowadays by arguing that the recourse to the declaration of neutrality status had an obvious political underpinning throughout history. It was shaped by the position of the declaring neutrality state, the interest of the actors who imposed it on certain forms of pressure, and the countries that were the guarantors of security, as well as the cause-effect relationship or the cost-benefit perspective. The distinct and complex character of scientific studies in the field of neutrality is due to a solid foundation on the way of research of the concept of neutrality. The geopolitical realities have generated transformations, which have repercussions on status of neutrality and policies of neutral states, an impact manifested by discrepancies and interpretations of legal norms. For some countries, the status of neutrality has not been clearly defined and legitimized in official documents. Some scientific papers on the case study of some EU Member States have confirmed the irrelevance of this status and its compatibility with some regional and international cooperation projects. The essence of this practice has been strengthened by conclusions based on the provisions of the rules of the international law Some of the historical, legal, geopolitical or other forms of reasoning have prompted some European states to declare their neutrality in the twentieth century and have lost their topicality.
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Talks with Svetozar Igov mirror the innermost spiritual autobiography of a scientist, his experience in/with literature. But “Svetozar Igov case” is not only a personal biografema. In it – differently – looking and spiritual biography of a generation in Bulgarian literature. This is a sign, symptomatic episode, it must be meaningful as such. Fraying will shed light on many other “improbable” cases. Although every fate is unique in its own way ... But in his case be removed fate of many of this generation whose personal destinies will remain “listed” and will sink into the darkness as “implausible” ... In the second, interpretive part of Antonia Velkova Igovs personality is a mirror in “high waters” of humanitarian thought, social psychology, cultural anthropology.
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