Ustroj kopnene vojske domobranstva Nezavisne države Hrvatske, 1941-1945

Author(s): Nikica Barić / Language(s): Croatian

Home Guard (Domobranstvo) was the regular army of the Independent State of Croatia (Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH), which was established in April 1941 after the Axis attack on Kingdom of Yugoslavia. NDH was ruled by the extreme right wing Ustasha movement headed by Ante Pavelić and its territory consisted of Croatia, Slavonia, Syrmia, Dalmatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Hungarians occupied and annexed Međimurje and Italians annexed parts of Croatian coast. A demarcation line divided NDH in German and Italian spheres of influence. Alongside with Home Guard, Ustasha militia was established as a military wing of the ruling Ustasha movement. Although Home Guard had air forces and navy, its ground forces were the most numerous and the most important. Tradition of the Croatian units of the Royal Hungarian Home Guard from the Austro-Hungarian Empire was often evoked after the establishment of NDH. Some Croats who were former Austro-Hungarian officers were also included in the Home Guard. Nevertheless, the basis for the formation of Home Guard were Croat and Bosnian Moslem officers and conscripts who had previously served in the royal Yugoslav army. The paramilitary units of the Croatian Peasant Party, the leading Croatian political party in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, played an important role immediately after the proclamation of NDH. Elements of this para-military organization took part in the disarmement of the Yugoslav units. In late April 1941 one of its detachments was sent to Bosnia and Herzegovina to establish Croatian military organization in that area. Nevertheless, Ustasha were distrustful of this organization and it was soon abolished [...]

Trogir u katastru Franje I

Author(s): Irena Benyovsky / Language(s): Croatian

The first half of the 19th century in Dalmatia is marked out by the rule of Francis I. Austrian strategic interests resulted in a long-prepared reorganization of the structure of the state which brought about significant changes. Traditional commercial and fiscal relations were transformed. On 23 December 1817, Francis I issued the “Patent for the introduction of a stable cadastre” (Patent uber die Einfuhrung des stabilen Katasters), by which a general property tax was introduced in the Monarchy. Work on the cadastre of Dalmatia was begun after the nomination of Governor Franjo Tomašić in Zadar (the capital of Dalmatia) in 1822 and completed in 1838. Immediately after the triangulation was done in 1838, the original cadastral plans were deposited in the Central Archives in Vienna. Today, copies of these can be found in the State Archive in Split under the title “Archive of maps of Istria and Dalmatia.”

Politička i društvena elita Srba u Hrvatskoj potkraj 19. stoljeća

Author(s): Nives Rumenjak / Language(s): Croatian

This research deals with a historiographically common subject that, until now, did not have monographic coverage. Its subject are the members of the political, social and economic elite of Serbs assembled in the Serbian club within the Croatian Diet as the part of the ruling People’s Party at the time of viceroy (ban) Károly Khuen Héderváry (1883-1903). Insufficient research of this segment of the Serbian politics loyal to the government at the time it was becoming a significant factor in the system of Croatian agreement autonomy, primarily reflects the lack of both suitable primary and secondary sources, and the innovative methodological approaches that are caused by the scarceness of the basic resources on the subject. Comparative prosopography proved to be the optimal methodological tool in placing the research focus on a very narrow and biographically unknown elite group that was active in different spheres of Croatia proper (Banska Hrvatska) as well as in the wider regional frame of Transleithania (the state union between Croatia and Hungary) at the turn of the 20th century. Prosopography is an established method of political and social history that is used in the research of numerically identifiable (smaller) elite groups in a shorter time frame and it implies analysing a number of complementary serial sources by introducing standardized questions on the background and status of the members of the Serbian elite. The use of comparative prosopography has enabled detection of a deeper social and economical background of the political action and ideology of the Serbian club, as well as a broader circle of the Serbian elite in several social spheres Σ within the institutions of Hungarian- Croatian parliamentarism, in banks, savings banks and financial organizations in Croatia proper and within the institutions of Serbian church and school autonomy in Hungary and Croatia. Prosopography has not, until now, been used by other researchers for analysing the subjects from Croatian history, and therefore it was applied in creating the database on elite groups that lacks in Croatian historiography of the 19th and the 20th century, especially if it is taken into consideration that this was a period of systematic production of many suitable printed serial sources, especially public or state registers on administrative affairs and economy. The groundbreaking importance of this research, from the perspective of Serbian subject matter in historiography, is mostly reflected in the fact of (re)construction of the Serbian identity in quite a number of representatives in the Croatian Diet and especially those members in ruling structures of the financial organizations since most of the available Croatian and Serbian sources from that period either indirectly imply a possible Serbian nationality of the individuals in the researched groups and institutions or they are tacit on the subject. The book embarks upon analysing the subject that historiography so far has mostly dealt with in regards with the Serbian club within Khuen’s People’s Party.

Za bezimene

Author(s): Sanja Petrović Todosijević / Language(s): Serbian

The United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF) was founded on 11 December 1946 in New York City by the United Nations General Assembly Resolution 57 as a temporary institution and an integral part of the UN system with the aim of providing relief to children of European countries devastated in the Second World War. The Agreement between the International Children’s Fund and the Government of the Federal People’s Republic of Yugoslavia was signed on 20 November 1947. The policy of the state toward the Fund in the period following the end of World War II reflects the international position of the socialist Yugoslavia, which was considered, until the summer of 1948, a territory under pronounced Soviet sphere of influence. In keeping with the policy of Western powers and the United States, after the conflict with the “big” Soviet leader it acquired a status of a country which should at least be “kept afloat”. Fencing itself first from the West and then from the East, Yugoslavia found itself in disadvantaged position of a country with insufficiently defined position in the world divided by Cold War. Change of attitude toward the USSR and other Soviet bloc countries has only temporarily immobilized Yugoslav officials. Economic blockade from the East has undoubtedly made Yugoslav leadership seek partners on the other side. In the light of new developments, any kind of aid, like the one distributed through UNICEF, coming in one way or another from the West and from Americans, was regarded with greater approval. Redefinition of Yugoslav relations toward UNICEF was finally completed in January 1949. Since the beginning of 1949 the International Children’s Fund became an unquestionable partner of the new Yugoslav authorities in dealing with sanitary and hygienic backwardness, more precisely in their effort to solve some of the major social problems. By the summer of 1950 Yugoslavia became a privileged beneficiary of UNICEF programs. As the only Eastern bloc country which managed to oppose Soviet influence and tried to build what was often referred to as its own road to socialism, Yugoslavia became strategically an extremely important partner to Western democracies. Any form of assistance was a proof of affinity and confirmation of the right choice in the years when the mankind had to deal with numerous crises as the consequence of Cold-War divisions in the world. The analysis of the implementation of UNICEF programs through presentation of the relationship between the Fund and the new, communist authorities in the years when Yugoslavia was seeking “its own road to socialism”, social and political environment in which foreign officials of UNICEF mission on temporary assignment in Yugoslavia had to work, short-term programs intended to contribute to the satisfaction of elementary needs in food, footwear and clothing, long-term campaigns aiming to encourage different insufficiently developed spheres of social environment, massive medical campaigns implemented to eradicate dangerous infections should have pointed to major social problems that represented a framework in which Yugoslav boys and girls grew up in the first ten years following the end of the Second World War. Implementation of mass-scale UNICEF campaigns has helped in identifying hundreds of thousands of anonymous youngsters, marginalized human lives whose discovery represented an extraordinary challenge for the state in which real needs exceeded available capacities.

Ratovi, kolonizacije i nacionalna struktura Slavonije u dvadesetom stoljeću

Author(s): Ivan Lajić,Mario Bara / Language(s): Croatian

Due to favourable terrain, hydrographic, climatic and traffic characteristics, the territory of Slavonia was from ancient times an attractive settlement zone and therefore had a dynamic demographic development. In the first half of the 20th century, the national character of migration was strongly determined by: territorial affiliation of the region to various political entities during recent history (the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the Kingdom of SHS/Yugoslavia, the Independent State of Croatia /NDH/, socialist Yugoslavia), political-social systems that organized colonizations of the area, and economic factors. War events by their meaning encompass the characteristics of ethnic conflict as well, making the consequences particularly obvious through selective war mortality, forced migrations and changes in the ethnic composition of certain areas (this was especially obvious in the Second World War and the Homeland War). On the other hand, colonizations after the First and Second World War, which were also ethnically based as a reflection of relations of power among various political and social elites, had an almost equally strong impact. Peacetime periods brought other forms of mechanical, unforced population movements (mostly rural-urban migrations). The post-war development of Slavonia, along with increased deruralization and industrialization, attracted not only the surrounding rural population but also labour force from other parts of the former state thus causing change in the ethnic structure. Recent demographic trends have been determined by the dissolution of Yugoslavia and the armed conflict following the entire process. The consequences of war and post-war events are most apparent in the field of mechanical movement (forced and mandatory migrations). Comparative demographic analysis of two last censuses in 1991 and 2001 proved that during this decade the following took place: a significant depopulation of most cities and municipalities, a change in the ethnic/national structure, an absolute and relative decrease of the Serb population, an absolute and relative decrease of other minority populations, a relative and absolute increase in the proportion and number of Croats, and aging of the entire population of Slavonia with more intense aging in the areas where the Serbs constituted a relative and absolute majority in the Homeland War.The result of these long-term processes - colonizations, war and ethnic conflicts, war and post-war mechanical population movements with selective forced and involuntary migrations - had an effect on a significant increase in the number of the majority population followed by the reduction or almost disappearance of certain minorities.

ВЛИЯНИЕ НА МИГРАЦИОННИТЕ ПРОЦЕСИ ВЪРХУ ГЕОПОЛИТИКАТА, ИКОНОМИКАТА И ПУБЛИЧНАТА СФЕРА

Author(s): / Language(s): English,Bulgarian

The conference proceedings contain materials from a conference based on a project titled "Impact of the migration processes on the geopolitics, the economics and the public sphere", held on October 12, 2016 at the Conference Center of "Bachinovo" of SWU "Neofit Rilski", Blagoevgrad 2016. The conference was implemented by a research team from the Faculty of Economics at SWU "N. Rilski "- Blagoevgrad".

Z historii kultury staropolskiej. Studia ofiarowane Urszuli Augustyniak

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Anniversary publication for Professor Urszula Augustyniak, affiliated with the Institute of History of the University of Warsaw, a renowned cultural historian specialized in the early modern period. Articles collected in the book are concerned with the broadly understood early modern history of culture, politics, and religion.

Nowy adres Wrocław 1946-1948. Korespondencja Ryszarda i Zofii Gansińców

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The publication contains voluminous correspondence from the years 1946−1948 between professor Ryszard Gansiniec and his wife, Zofia Gansiniec, who was at the start of her academic career in post-war Poland. The book contains numerous letters, which professor Gansiniec and his wife received in Wrocław from their friends, acquaintances, former and present colleagues and former students.

Wspomnienie o stanie wojennym na Uniwersytecie Warszawskim

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

The publication, spearheaded by Prof. Tomasz Ochinowski and Prof. Izabella Łęcka of the Faculty of Management, was prepared by an impressive team of young researchers, students hailing from a range of the University’s programmes, who not only carried out interviews with heroes of the Martial Law but also undertook to transcribe and annotate the material. The volume features accounts from: Maryla Kiersnowska, Andrzej Kaczanowski, Jerzy Kwaśniewski, Barbara Malak-Minkiewicz, Lech Mankiewicz, Anna Owczarek, Anna Radziejowska-Hilchen, Joanna Papis, Jan Rempała, Julian Srebrny, Jerzy Siedlecki, Jerzy Szatyłowicz, Zuzanna Toeplitz, Ryszard Zieliński and Mariusz Ziółkowski. The very list of names shows that the young researchers and their mentors aimed to go beyond the most notable participants of the dramatic events unleashed on 13 December 1981 by General Wojciech Jaruzelski and his communist associates.

Poszukiwanie tożsamości w kraju (nie)pamięci. O dokumentalnej twórczości Ruth Beckermann

Author(s): Olga Wesołowska / Language(s): Polish

Ruth Beckermann is an Austrian-Jewish filmmaker, born in Vienna as a daughter of Holocaust survivors. She can be seen as so-called Nestbeschmutzer (German world for someone who fouls their own nest). This term in Austria refers to artists who are not afraid to criticize their own country, who dare to deconstruct Austrian myths and come up with taboo topics. This is exactly what Beckermann does in many of her works. Not only in her movies but also in books, essays, and artistic installations. Nevertheless, Beckermann should not only be considered as a Nestbeschmutzer, since many of her works actually are a form of self-reflection about Jewish identity in the country which presents itself as a first victim of Hitler. This book focuses on Beckermann as a filmmaker. The analysis of her documentaries shows how she portrays Austria and Austrians. For the film analysis, the cultural, historical, and political context appears significant. The references to different aspects of cultural studies, especially memory studies or postcolonial studies, constitute the methodological background for this book.

Das Tagebuch Ferdinands zu Schwarzenberg aus den Jahren 1686-1688 und 1696-1697

Author(s): Rostislav Smíšek / Language(s): French,German

The edition presents the famous bilingual diary of Prince Ferdinand of Schwarzenberg (1652-1703) which covers the years between 1686 and 1697. The first half of the diary is written in French, the second half in German. Ferdinand of Schwarzenberg was born in present-day Belgium to a French speaking family. The introductory essay discusses his life, his Grand Tour and his career at the court. The diary focuses on his activities at the Court of Vienna which is also expressed by his term 'mon journal des affairs de cour'. Schwarzenberg discussed also international affairs of his times such as the wars with the Ottoman empire in the Balkans or wars against France. The introduction and all comments are written in German.

Juliusz Bursche – myśli, działalność i dziedzictwo

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

Juliusz Bursche (1862–1942) był zwierzchnikiem największego protestanckiego Kościoła w międzywojennej Polsce, Kościoła Ewangelicko-Augsburskiego (inaczej: luterańskiego), wówczas dużo liczniejszego i bardziej wpływowego niż obecnie, mającego charakter niemiecko-polski. Wywodził się z rodziny osadników niemieckich, którzy dotarli do ówczesnego Królestwa Polskiego w pierwszej połowie XIX w. i był pierwszą osobą w rodzie, która się utożsamiła z polskością. Jako świadomy „Polak z wyboru”, stojący u steru Kościoła przez trzy i pół dekady, poprowadził on swych wiernych przez najbardziej burzliwy okres XX w.: od rewolucji 1905 r. do II wojny światowej. Uznał, że Kościół powinien się otworzyć na potrzeby coraz liczniejszych wiernych mówiących po polsku i umożliwił rozwijanie posługi w tym języku, nie zapominając przy tym o swych niemieckich współwyznawcach. Za lojalność wobec państwa polskiego oraz za swą zdecydowaną antynazistowską postawę został aresztowany przez hitlerowców już na początku II wojny światowej i zmarł w obozie koncentracyjnym. Udowodnił, że ewangelicy mogą mieć polską tożsamość narodową, co nie było sprawą oczywistą w pierwszych dekadach XX w.

Figury odmieńców w literaturze francuskiej i frankofońskiej od średniowiecza do XXI wieku

Author(s): / Language(s): Polish

A collection of translations of French and francophone literary texts, showing different types of misfits from the Middle Ages to the 21st century and including both short stories and fragments of novels, as well as letters, fragments of journals or accounts of travels. The characters from the texts – both fictitious and real – represent religious, ethnic and sexual differences, resulting from an illness, social situation, lifestyle. Some of the authors themselves are different and through literature are able to find the opportunity to speak with their own voice, others use their voice to transmit exclusion. The texts, on the one hand, enable the reader to hear what is usually suppressed as it does not belong to the dominant discourse, and on the other hand, allow to capture the mechanism of creating otherness through discourse.

Dosije: 43. motorizovana brigada VRS u Prijedoru

Author(s): Jovana Kolarić / Language(s): Serbian

Predlog praktične politike: Ratovi 1990-ih u nastavi istorije

Author(s): Jelena Đureinović,Rodoljub Jovanović / Language(s): Serbian

Charyzma i doktryna. Spór o filozofię chrześcijańską w Polsce (1950–1989)

Author(s): Mirosław Tyl / Language(s): Polish

The book is an attempt to delineate the controversies over the conception of Christian philosophy, as practiced in Poland in the period of 1950–1989. The forum for the exchange of ideas – waged by the advocates of classical philosophy, championing the Aristotelian and Thomistic tradition, and the propagators of contemporary philosophy – was provided by widely available religious magazines: Tygodnik Powszechny, Znak, Życie i Myśl, Więź. Due to its journalistic tenor, the controversy proved a disappointment for philosophers; it has, however, turned out to be a significant phenomenon in the post-war intellectual history of Polish Catholicism. The author presents it within a theoretical and functional framework in an investigation carried out at the intersection of history of philosophy, intellectual history, and historical sociology.

Etnografowie z przymusu. Polscy zesłańcy w służbie kolonialnej Cesarstwa Rosyjskiego

Author(s): Karina Gaibulina / Language(s): Polish

The books deals with the part Polish exiles played in the colonial expansion of the Russian Empire on the Kazakh steppes of Central Asia in the 19th century. The issue is discussed on the selected texts by three Polish political prisoners: Adolf Januszkiewicz, Bronisław Zaleski and Seweryn Gross, which to this day are important sources for Kazakh historiography. The basic analytical perspective of the work are the theory of orality and literacy and post-colonial studies.

Mojżesz Mendelssohn i potomność

Author(s): Martina Steer / Language(s): Polish

Tytuł oryginału: Moses Mendelssohn und seine Nachwelt. Eine Kulturgeschichte der jüdischen Erinnerung Seria Klio w Niemczech, t. 28 Książka wydana wspólnie z Niemieckim Instytutem Historycznym w WarszawieŻydowski filozof oświeceniowy Moses Mendelssohn pozostawał postacią kontrowersyjną jeszcze długo po swojej śmierci: jedni widzieli w nim wizjonera dającego początek lepszej przyszłości, inni zaś winili go za upadek judaizmu. Martina Steer napisała pierwszą całościową analizę fenomenu Mendelssohna jako zbiorowego miejsca pamięci od momentu jego śmierci w 1786 r. do czasów narodowego socjalizmu w Niemczech. Na przykładzie obchodów jubileuszowych organizowanych na jego cześć w Niemczech, Polsce i USA autorka pokazuje związki między pamięcią o Mendelssohnie w tych krajach i przedstawia go jako jedno z najsilniej oddziałujących żydowskich miejsc pamięci. Martina Steer pracuje na Uniwersytecie Wiedeńskim, gdzie zajmuje się historią Żydów i Europy. Wykładała także na Uniwersytecie Europejskim we Florencji, była stypendystką licznych instytucji naukowych w Europie i Stanach Zjednoczonych. Jest autorką biografii Berthy Badt-Strauss, jednej z najbardziej znanych niemieckich dziennikarek międzywojnia i jednocześnie działaczki syjonistycznej.

Historia polityczna Polski 1989-2023

Author(s): Antoni Dudek / Language(s): Polish

Jest to wykład rzetelny, skonstruowany ściśle chronologicznie, bardziej opowiadający niż analizujący. Historia polityczna w ujęciu Autora to historia polityki, która rozgrywa się przede wszystkim na terenie instytucji państwowych i w obrębie klasy politycznej. Głównym podmiotem nie jest więc anonimowe społeczeństwo, obecne w postaci wyników sondaży i głosowań, a niekiedy opisu strajków. Są nim bezpośredni uczestnicy – przede wszystkim liderzy – gry (walki) politycznej, co nadaje płynności wywodom Antoniego Dudka i podnosi temperaturę narracji. Prof. dr hab. Andrzej Paczkowski Antoni Dudek jako jeden z pierwszych profesjonalnych badaczy zajął się początkami, a następnie dziejami Trzeciej Rzeczpospolitej. Swój warsztat historyka i politologa wykorzystuje także w najnowszej, opartej na rozległych badaniach, historii politycznej Polski. To najlepszy dziś przewodnik dla wszystkich próbujących zrozumieć nasze dzieje po upadku rządów komunistycznych. Prof. dr hab. Jerzy Eisler Antoni Dudek – historyk i politolog, profesor nauk humanistycznych. W latach 1989–2014 pracownik Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, obecnie wykładowca na UKSW w Warszawie. W latach 2011–2016 członek i ostatni przewodniczący Rady IPN. Autor i współautor wielu książek o historii najnowszej Polski oraz jej systemie politycznym. Publicysta i komentator polityczny, prowadzi na YouTube autorski kanał „Dudek o Historii”.

Od staljinizma do samoupravnog nacionalizma : prilog kritici socijalizma u kongresnim dokumentima KPJ/SKJ od V-XI kongresa

Author(s): Jelka Imširović / Language(s): Serbian