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United States Arctic Policy From White Hills to Blue Waters

Author(s): Aslıhan Genç / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The Arctic region is changing as global warming and melting glaciers facilitate access to valuable resources. In addition to energy reserves, valuable minerals and fishing activities, new routes will change the geopolitics of this region with the ease of transit through transport hubs. This situation is causing states to shift their attention to this geography, both commercially and politically, revealing the power struggle in the region. As an Arctic state, the United States, while analysing its policy and security in the region, determines its strategy by considering the changes in this region

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REKULTIVACE JAKO PŘÍLEŽITOST PRO ZVÝŠENÍ RESILIENCE TRANSFORMUJÍCÍCH SE REGIONŮ

Author(s): Jan Holub,Tomás Sýkora,Petr Hlaváček,Martin Domín / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

Europe is now at a time when coal is being actively phased out and the economy is ideally being transformed to a carbon-free one. These measures affect not only entire Member States in the European Union, but also, and most importantly, their regions and municipalities, and they directly affect the social sphere, which is most susceptible to social pathogens as a result of decarbonisation in coal regions. The aim of this paper is to identify the development processes of mining reclamation together with an assessment of the impacts on social transformation. In this paper, the collective of authors specify the processes that affect the future potential of the affected regions and identify the barriers that lead to a lack of regulatory and substantive coordination between different levels of government. Methodologically, representative indicators affecting the situation in the districts of Most and Ústí nad Labem were selected for the territorial analysis. The data were drawn from the CZSO and compared across the size levels of the territorial units. The districts of Most and Ústí nad Labem have experienced positive changes in education and unemployment since the beginning of the millennium. However, this trend is slower compared to the Czech Republic. In contrast, the regions have been population losers. Using the example of two reclaimed lakes in a brown coal region, the paper shows which decision-making processes most influence their function within the region. Finally, the article highlights the possibilities for the use of other areas in the Ústí nad Labem region, including in the context of a low-carbon Europe where lignite continues to be strip-mined.

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SPRAVEDLIVÁ TRANSFORMACE JAKO CESTA K UDRŽITELNÉMU ROZVOJI REGIONŮ

Author(s): Vladimír Žítek,Viktorie Klímová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The paper deals with the just transformation of regions. Climate targets set by the Green Deal may have a crucial impact on some of them. The European Union's effort to become a climate-neutral economy by 2050 could threaten regions dependent on fossil fuels and industries with high carbon emissions. The main focus of this paper is put on the Just Transition Fund, which is designed to help regions mitigate the mentioned negative impacts. The aim of the paper is to evaluate in which regions the transformation will have the biggest impact in terms of the affected jobs and how the budget of the Just Transition Fund is allocated to individual states. Data from the European Commission and statistical information collected by the Joint Research Center and Eurostat are mainly used for the analysis. If the impact of the transformation is expressed in the number of jobs, the transformation will most affect the Polish regions of Śląskie and Łódzkie, the Romanian Sud-Vest Oltenia, the Bulgarian Yugoiztochen and the Czech Severozápad. At the national level, the transformation will most affect Poland, Germany, the Czech Republic, Romania and Bulgaria. The same countries will also receive the most funding from the Just Transition Fund.

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ŠPECIFIKÁ CHEMICKÉHO PRIEMYSLU V NITRIANSKOM SAMOSPRÁVNOM KRAJI

Author(s): Miroslava Trembošová,Nina Machová / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

The chemical industry has an important position within Slovakia. In 2022, total industrial production reached 10% of Slovakia's GDP, which according to Sario (2022) is 7.79 billion. €. On the territory of the Slovak Republic, it is concentrated exclusively in cities with a developed transport infrastructure. The aim of the paper is an idiographic analysis of the spatial relations of chemical industry subjects in the Nitra self-governing region with regard to selected localization factors, i.e. transport infrastructure, raw materials and settlements. In relation to the selected location factors, it is evident that all enterprises are located in cities, to a greater extent in mediumsized cities, near oil pipelines, gas pipelines and railway lines. Duslo a.s. is a leading chemical company of international importance. Among its most important partners are the advanced Western European countries of Germany, France, Italy and the Netherlands, as well as Russia. The war in Ukraine caused the termination of these relations and the transfer to other markets. According to the growth rate, the most important market is in the category of technical products with the Netherlands, France, Spain as well as Hungary. In rubber products, the highest export is to the Czech Republic and Belgium.

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POTENCIÁL PRÍRODNÉHO KAPITÁLU POSKYTOVAŤ PRODUKČNÉ EKOSYSTÉMOVÉ SLUŽBY V REGIÓNOCH SR

Author(s): Jarmila Makovníková,Boris PÁLKA,Stanislav Kološta,Filip Flaška / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Provisioning ecosystem services are directly related to people's living standards, and their degradation reduces the quality of human well-being. Evaluation and mapping the individual ecosystem services is one of the main objectives of the Biodiversity Strategy 2030 within the EU. The aim of the paper is to provide an alternative perspective on the evaluation and assessment of the potential of natural capital to provide provisioning ecosystem services in four model regions of the Slovak Republic with diverse natural and geographical characteristics. The evaluation was based on the cartographic layer of ecosystems in model districts and a modified matrix of ecosystem services. The Brezno and Michalovce regions had a significantly higher point and monetary value of the potential of the region's natural capital to provide provisioning ecosystem services.

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DOPAD KLIMATICKÝCH ZMIEN NA VINOHRADNÍCTVO NITRIANSKEHO KRAJA – PREDIKCIE VÝVOJA A TERÉNNY VÝSKUM

Author(s): Jana Némethová,Filip Krajči / Language(s): Slovak Publication Year: 0

Ongoing global climate changes bring new challenges for the viticulture sector as well. The aim of the paper was to explore the impact of climate change on viticulture in the Nitra Region, using the prediction of the average annual air temperature and total atmospheric precipitation for the years 2050 and 2080 under a moderate emission scenario (RCP4.5) and the results of field research. We applied statistical-mathematical methods to the processing of statistical data. When comparing multi-year and annual climatic phenomena, we used the historicalgeographical, comparative, and cartographic method. After applying the emission scenario to the Nitra Region in the forecast years 2050 and 2080, the expected increase in the average annual air temperature was confirmed and we found a reduction in the difference in total precipitation in areas with different altitudes. 29 winemaking entities of the region perceive the current impacts of climate change as a lower amount of precipitation and a drier climate, and 22 entities as higher air temperatures and the amount of sunshine. Each entity solves climate change problems differently, e.g. by harvesting grapes earlier, by increasing protection against a higher incidence of diseases and pests, or they started growing vine varieties resistant to higher temperatures and drought.

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EKONOMICKÝ POTENCIÁL VYUŽITÍ GEOTERMÁLNÍ ENERGIE V LOKALITĚ PASOHLÁVKY

Author(s): PETR HALÁMEK,Dominika Tóthová / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The aim of the paper is to verify the economic potential for the use of geothermal energy from existing Mu-3G and Pa-2G thermal water wells in the Pasohlávky locality in the South Moravian Region. The evaluation is based on a financial analysis of the use of thermal water for wellness activities compared to standard heat sources. The use of geothermal energy allows a return on investment over 14 years (without credit financing); levelized costs of heat are estimated at CZK 1.3 thousand/MWh. The processed financial analysis confirmed the economic potential for geothermal energy in the locality. However, its use must respect the rules related to the protection of existing wells as natural healing resources.

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ABILITY OF SLOVAK MUNICIPALITIES TO IMPLEMENT SDGS CONCERNING WASTE AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES

Author(s): Monika Bumbalová,Eleonora Marišová,Marina Valenćiková / Language(s): Czech Publication Year: 0

The Slovak Republic has committed to contribute to fulfilment of 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) defined by the Agenda 2030. Even though the reflection of this global commitment to the Slovak context was performed at the national level, numerous studies confirm that local level, represented by municipalities, cannot be ignored. Slovak municipalities enjoy quite diverse portfolio of competencies including the waste management and environmental protection. While the tools aimed at implementation of the competences remain often unclear. Therefore, the main objective of the research was to find out whether the tools the municipalities operate can be considered sufficient when addressing Slovak priorities in SDGs’ implementation on the local level in the area of waste management and environmental issues. The main method used were content analysis and critical analysis. The most significant ability of Slovak municipalities seems to be in influencing topics of waste management, transportation (mobility) but also circular economy. Out of the identified tools, legal tools, partnership and information and communication tools were those that can be most utilized. Overall, the analysis proved the readiness of Slovak municipalities to contribute to SDG’s fulfilment in the given areas.

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ZELENI POREZI – EVROPSKA ISKUSTVA I PRAKSA U SRBIJI

Author(s): Gordana Ilić-Popov,Dejan Popović / Language(s): English,Serbian Publication Year: 0

“Green economy” has become one of the priority issues in policy and public debates in recent years due to global economic crises and growing awareness on humanity’s negative impact on the environment. The economic growth which is based on ever-increasing consumption of finite resources and emission of pollutants cannot be sustained in existing ecosystems. Environmental taxes play an important role in a “green economy”, internalizing the external costs imposed to the third parties due to harmful polluters’ activities. The authors point to four basic groups of the environmental taxes in the European Union (energy taxes, transportation taxes, pollution taxes and taxes on natural resources). Progress in achieving the goals of improving the quality of the environment by using the green taxes can be reported through the share of these taxes in the gross domestic product of the European Union. Authors present two main environmental charges existing in Serbia, which are expected to better accomplish eco goals in the years to come.

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MODEL NEURONSKE MREŽE POVEZANOSTI FINANCIRANJA ZELENE EKONOMIJE I EKONOMSKOG RASTA

Author(s): Marko Markić,Brano Markić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Green economy, sustainable development and economic growth are a research thread that attracts the scientific community, institutes, research centers, but also the creators of national economic policy. Their goal is to find the necessary balance between ecology and economic development, while developing is preserving the natural environment. Therefore, it requires to find a fiscal model that balances economic development and protection of the natural human environment. Approaches to explaining the connection between finance and the green economy are different. They can be classified in two directions. The first direction claims that financing the green economy is a direction that has a negative impact on economic development, and the second that financing the green economy promotes economic growth. The aim of this paper is to investigate the connection between financing the green economy and economic growth using a multilayer neural network. It is hypothesized that it is possible to build a neural network model that allows forecasting economic growth by increasing funding for the green economy from public sources. At the input layer of the neural network are data on exports of products and services, gross investment, inflation, total public sector investment in the green economy and sustainable development. At the output layer of the neural network is the gross domestic product per capita of the observed countries. The neural network model is extensible with new variables at the input layer such as personal consumption and imports. The neural network was developed using R language software packages.

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ULOGA DIGITALNE TRANSFORMACIJE U ZELENOJ EKONOMIJI

Author(s): Branko Krsmanović,Zvjezdana Krstić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Sustainable development enables countries to grow and develop while providing a better quality of life for citizens, which primarily means a healthy environment and avoiding climate change that would harm the health of present and future generations. Sustainability is a long-term goal of every socially responsible country, while the green economy seeks to pave the way for that goal. The concept of the green economy has evolved, and the green digital transition has become a primary challenge that requires the active participation of citizens. The importance of digital transformation in the green economy was recognized by 26 member states of the European Union, as well as Norway and Iceland. The main task of these countries is to achieve climate neutrality and accelerate the green and digital transition. The paper analyzes the importance of modern information and communication technologies as a carrier of the process of digital transformation in the green economy, and whose implementation contributes to achieving the goals of sustainable development.

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ZELENI INSTRUMENTI NA FINANSIJSKOM TRŽIŠTU

Author(s): Jasna Zrilić / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

Environmental protection and economically sustainable development are approached with great care by the governments of developed countries and they systematically adopt economic policies that are in line with ESG requirements (environmental, social, governance). In developed countries, there is a growing interest in green bonds and other financial instruments that promote sustainability and socially sustainable business. The first part of the paper presents the basic principles of the concept of sustainable development in banking as well as a review of the risks associated with climate and environmental issues. The paper further contains the elaboration of financial instruments, primarily green bonds, and other products in banks to which it is possible to incorporate elements of "green". The potential of the domestic market for investing in green bonds was pointed out. Given that there is still a trend of keeping a high level above the reserve account by the banking sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and that there is a possibility of some investment by the household sector in these products, it is necessary to systematically finance green projects. The role of the banking sector is significant, which can significantly contribute to the realization of sustainable development goals where, in addition to traditional products, products that contain additional components in accordance with the concept of sustainable development could be also offered such as credit lines that finance renewable energy sources or green bonds. This includes the adoption of regulations that are in line with international standards governing this area, as well as the adoption of economic policies that promote the concept of sustainable development and prescribe appropriate subsidies or incentives for green financing

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ZELENE OBVEZNICE I ULOGA CENTRALNIH BANAKA I JAVNOG SEKTORA KAO FAKTORA TRANSFORMACIJE KA ZELENOJ EKONOMIJI

Author(s): Branka Topić Pavković / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The development and concept of green bonds stemmed from the new role of the financial and public sector as a generator of green transition and especially the influence of central banks in greening financial systems. The green bond market dates back to 2007, with the launch of the Green Bond program by the World Bank. The green economy means the use of renewable energy from various natural resources while ensuring environmental protection, sustainable economic growth and human well-being. These investments are mostly related to the use of renewable energy from biomass, solar panels, wind farms, recycled waste and the like, and like all investments, it is necessary to find sources of funds and interest investors in these projects. Central banks are increasingly involved in sustainable development policies, and as a result, they are directing part of their foreign exchange reserves to green bonds. This paper examines the importance of including green bonds in the portfolio of central banks with an emphasis on one of the basic fiscal goals today, and that is sustainable development in the conditions of green transition. The change in the role of central banks and their adjustment in incorporating environmental sustainability goals is considered.

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IZVJEŠTAVANJE KORPORACIJA O MJERAMA PREDUZETIM NA OČUVANJU ŽIVOTNE SREDINE

Author(s): Bobana Čegar / Language(s): Serbian Publication Year: 0

The increasing awareness of the importance of preserving the environment continuously leads to changes in the way of doing business, which is reflected in accounting, especially in terms of information provided to external users. Today, information on the impact of companies’ business on the environment has become mandatory in many countries, whether it is an integral part of the annual business report or a separate report. An analysis of the content of information for 78 companies, which are provided to external users through the Banja Luka, Sarajevo and Belgrade Stock Exchanges, showed that 48 percent of the sample companies in their annual business reports have no information about the environment. Of the 52 percent of companies that had at least some of this information, it was mostly related to the emphasis of management on environmental concerns, while the weakest results were achieved in terms of reporting on environmental risks. Information on investments in the environment was mostly narrative, and in terms of sectoral affiliation, companies from the electricity sector had the best results.

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ZELENA PORESKA REFORMA I „EFEKAT DVOSTRUKE DIVIDENDE“ – KOMPARATIVNA ANALIZA ZA CRNU GORU, BOSNU I HERCEGOVINU I SRBIJU

Author(s): Aleksandar Kešeljevič,Milijana Novović,Ana Lalevic Filipovic,Milan Lakićević / Language(s): English,Serbian Publication Year: 0

Green taxes are one of the basic mechanisms for creating long-term sustainable development and environmental protection. The introduction of green taxes is the basic mechanism of green tax reform which seeks to achieve environmental and economic goals. The reform arose as a consequence of the knowledge that the current growth, based on a linear model of plunder of natural resources, has to be replaced by switching to a circular model in order not to jeopardize the possibility of human civilization’s survival. The essence of green taxes is reflected in the effort that entity, whose activities lead to the devastation of the environment, pays the taxes that promote environmental activities through various economic incentives. This reduces the need for regulatory activities. At the same time, the introduction of green taxes enables the substitution of the other tax revenues, which does not increase the level of fiscal burden, and budget revenues increase or remain at the same level. This paper analyzes the most important forms of green taxes as well as the experiences of EU countries in implementing green tax reform. The experiences and recommendations of the EU will serve the Western Balkans to create and implement a green strategy. To review the current situation and point out the further action directions, a comparative analysis of activities on the implementation of green tax reform in Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Serbia was made.

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ZELENA TRANZICIJA I TRANSFORMACIJA PRIVREDA ZEMALJA EU

Author(s): Zoran Malešević / Language(s): English,Serbian Publication Year: 0

Climate change and environmental destruction are an existential threat to the European Union and to the world. That is why the European Union has introduced and adopted the socalled „Green Plan“, which is designed as a response to solving these problems and include a new European growth strategy aimed at changing the European Union into a modern, resource-effective and competitive economy. The goal of the European Green Plan is to make Europe climate neutral by 2050, to encourage the economy to use more technology that does not pollute the environment, to create a sustainable industry and to reduce pollution. Turning climate and environmental challenges into opportunities will make this transition fair and inclusive for all. The European Commission is assisting EU Member States in designing and implementing reforms that are the basis for a green transition and contributing to the objectives of the European Green Plan, necessary for the implementation of this green policy. The EU is determined to lead the way, together with its Member States, in implementing this plan. The goal of sustainable development is to improve people‘s lives and protect the planet from destruction in order to meet the needs of present and future generations. Since 2020, the European Commission has intensified the analysis and monitoring of the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals in this context. Member states integrate sustainable development policies into their policies and develop measures for more sustainable development. The paper will try to point out how EU member states approach the adoption and implementation of the green agenda and how they change their current policies. Public companies are protected and predesigned to follow the directives of the state, while small and medium enterprises have a more difficult task in monitoring these procedures and changing the way of doing business.

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ESG STANDARTS AND MARKETING

Author(s): Atanas Luizov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Since the acronym “ESG” was coined in 2005, and until recently, its fortunes were steadily growing. The objective of this article is to analyze the relevance of cause marketing, environmental marketing, green marketing, ecological marketing and sustainable marketing, so that companies can be characterized as ESG Companies.

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SUCCESS FACTORS FOR ACCELERATING THE INNOVATION PROCESS AND INCREASING THE USER ACCEPTANCE OF INNOVATIONS – A CASE STUDY ANALYSIS OF PAST IT INNOVATIONS

Author(s): Vanessa Sucietto / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This paper examines past IT innovations in order to derive success factors for the development of public charging infrastructure in the context of electric mobility. For this purpose, two case studies are conducted using the data collection method of a literature review. The successful innovation of the Apple iPhone and the failure of Nokia's mobile devices sector are used as objects of investigation. Both, the success of Apple’s iPhone and the failure of Nokia's mobile devices sector are primarily due to the products themselves. In case of the iPhone, key factors have been its innovative characteristics, the combination of different functions in one product as well as its high quality and simplicity in use. In case of Nokia's mobile devices sector, their lack of innovation on the one hand and Symbian’s lack of innovation on the other hand have been mainly responsible for their failure. Moreover, the device’s outdated design as well as their lack of usability mainly have contributed to their downfall.

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APPLICATION OF CIRCULAR ECONOMY MODELS ALONG THE BLACK SEA COAST

Author(s): Georgi Hadzhiev / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The circular economy model seeks to address precisely the two main defects of the linear model. The idea of the circular economy draws its inspiration from the way nature works and, more specifically, individual biosystems.

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THE CONCEPT OF SMART CITIES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE GREEN (CIRCULAR) ECONOMY

Author(s): Rumen Angelov / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the present study, we will focus on the analysis of smart cities as a system of interacting subsystems in the context of green economy and green finance. Such an "intelligent/smart city" project, which lacks openness, mobility and standardization, very soon becomes cumbersome and expensive. Part of the technologies involved in and defining the smart city are the high-speed optical, sensor, wired and wireless networks necessary to realize the benefits achieved through intelligent transport systems, smart power grids and smart home networks, which in turn is linked to green economics and green finance.

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