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The article is an attempt to situate the main Peter Linebaugh's works in the context of modern theories of the common, especially in juxtaposition with Antonio Negri and Michael Hardt's biopolitical paradigm. American historian's oeuvre is still not well known in Poland, although his works in the field of social history, labour history, colonial Atlantic or global enclosures can inspire not only historians, but social theory as well. Linebaugh in his research on subaltern groups in the eve of capitalism introduces new ways, in which concepts such as working class, class struggle, commoning or the commons can be regarded and he draws ambitious, transmodern genealogy of global capitalism. The article tries to show the actuality of Linebaugh's research perspective in the era of biopolitical capitalism.
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The gap between Marx’s theoretical writings on political economy (for example, the three volumes of Capital) and his historical writings (such as The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte and The Civil War in France) arises out of certain limitations that Marx placed upon his political-economic enquiries. These limitations are outlined in the Grundrisse where Marx distinguishes between the universality of the metabolic relation to nature, the generality of the laws of motion of capital, the particularities of distribution and exchange, and the singularities of consumption. What an analysis of the content of Capital shows is that Marx largely confined his efforts to identifying the law-like character of production to the exclusion of all else. While this allowed him to identify certain laws of motion of capital within any form of the capitalist mode of production, it did not and could not constitute a total theory of a capitalist mode of production. A better understanding of what it is that Marx can do for us through his identification of the general laws of motion leads to a far better appreciation of what it is that we have to do for ourselves in order to make Marx’s theoretical findings applicable to particular conjunctural conditions, such as those that have arisen throughout the economic crisis that began in 2007.
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The article is a complex attempt to present the achievements of the broadly understood urban Marxism in the field of reinterpretation of the classic concept from the cards of Capital – “primitive accumulation”. Drawing on theories of such scholars as David Harvey (“accumulation by dispossession”) or Saskia Sassen (“expulsions”), the author points to the possible ways to operationalize the concept of “dispossessing urbanization”. Inspired by the theorizations of autonomist Marxists (Antonio Negri, Sandro Mezzadra, Massimo De Angelis), he proposes to see it as a relatively new and increasingly important dispostif that allows not only to improve traditional methods of enclosures and construct entirely new ones, but also to instrumentalize urban cultures which seems unlikely for the historical versions of primitive accumulation. This theoretical inspiration leads him also to highlight another gap in the accumulation by dispossession theory, namely the lack of sufficient reflection on the production of subjectivity processes which seem constitutive for the broad set of dispossessing practices.
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This article attempts to present the question of the economic shortages and their connection with the alienation of labour in the post-capitalist bureaucratic regimes in Soviet Union and Poland. To analyse the problem I start with material conditions which were basis for the reproduction of the Stalinist power, that is bureaucratic planning, control over the labour and production process by the party apparatus, and I also try to describe the impact of these factors towards the working class. The main sources for my study are the writings of the Hungarian economist János Kornai to analyse the roots of the phenomenon of the good hunger and its social costs, and also the Trotsky's analysis of Stalinist bureaucratism. To show the problems of the alienation of labour I use the works of Bob Arnot (about the “negative workers' control”), or Vladimir Andreff (arrhythmical production process). The Polish authors, such as Małgorzata Mazurek or Błażej Brzostek, were also helpful.
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The aim of this paper is to provide an interpretation of Agamben’s theological genealogy of economy that will show its significance for investigations in the field of political economy. The only way to connect the discourses of economic theology and political economy is to show that the former is not concerned with questions proper to the sphere of economics, but rather deals with a more general problem – the problem of human praxis. I will show that what is at stake in Agamben’s endeavors is a critique of theological, that is metaphysical, presuppositions about the concept of human praxis, a critique which can only be carried out on the basis of a theological genealogy, in particular of the Trinitarian oikonomia. The text will focus on the notion of liturgy in Agamben’s genealogical investigations as a theological paradigm for the capitalist management of human life (i.e. praxis) and will close with some initial remarks on the possible application of Agamben’s theological genealogy of economy to a Marxist critique of political economy, especially to a critique of the distinction between productive and unproductive labor.
More...spomin na prosti čas in delo žensk v obdobju socialistične Slovenije
In her contribution the author focuses on understanding the interconnection of work and leisure time in the period of the socialist Slovenia/Yugoslavia (1945-1991). She is interested in the meaning that women ascribed to their leisure time (understood as a reward for the workers during socialism) in comparison with gainful employment. She also pays special attention to the issue of how women experienced their leisure time in comparison with unpaid housekeeping and through the perspective of the so-called »double burden« in socialism, and how they experience it today, in the context of the capitalist market economy. The contribution is based on the fieldwork analysis, focused on the interviews with retired women, revealing their everyday life on the micro level. The goal of the »oral history« approach, used in the contribution, is not to reconstruct the socialist past and record it chronologically, but to present the perspective based on the women’s experience and their everyday practices, contributing an additional perspective to the existing official political and economic history descriptions.
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Company should work on its image, it can benefit from CSR by performing actions directed to environment. This approach is described in literature and on companies websites. But companies should be also responsible for their employees – so they boast a decent wages. However, the employee’s quality of life cannot be reduced solely to salary, here comes scratch on company’s image in the form of a persistent workers imbalance – WLB. This article is about how company respecting WLB in the CSR context communicates its modus operandi to customers. The aim of the article is to analyze the CSR-WLB type messages.
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During the last two decades Latin America has seen a number of political changes that have drawn the attention of the whole world. Тhe initial impulse for a significant part of these changes has come from social movements that were formed during the last several decades in this region. This paper analyzes some of the tendencies characteristic of many left oriented social movements in Latin America and points out certain principles they advocate. What is common for many of the movements is the fact that, besides fighting for the improvement of living conditions of certain social groups, they also formulate clear demands for a radical transformation of society. The goal they strive for is an egalitarian and humane society based on the principles of direct democracy, horizontalism and pluralism, where all the citizens would have a chance to directly participate in the process of organizing and governing social relations. The demand for overcoming the existing system also includes rejection of capitalism, as well as reassessment of the foundations of modern economy: the aims of all human production, the ways this production is organized, and the ways resources are distributed among people.
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A short introduction to the special issue of the Theoretical Practice Journal.
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The aim of the article is to identify the basic sources of weakness in economics as a scientific discipline in the effective diagnosis and prediction of the future course of economic events and their consequences. In other words, the causes of the titular infirmity of economists, as well as the multitude of opinions, positions, and fi- nally theories typical of this discipline, occurring in parallel, at the same time, in relation to the same periods and economic and market events. The main thesis of the article assumes that the basic reason for the inability of economists to unanimously diagnose past economic events and accurately decide on their future course is the very nature of economic phenomena and processes, implying the ambiguity and vagueness of the views expressed, while the parallel multiplicity of views is a simple consequence of the nature of economics. as an inherently heterogeneous discipline, which requires the cooperation of the com- munity and the acceptance of different views, and not dividing them into the right ones and the negated ones, i.e. those that do not deserve recognition. In connection with the research objective outlined in this way and the main thesis formulated, the conducted analyzes are of a non-reactive nature, in which methods such as content analysis and historical-comparative research were used.
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The article presents various methods of measuring intellectual capital (IC), such as direct methods, market-based methods, and score- cards, as well as research methods. The aim of the study was to present an original methodology for examining the potential of intellectual capital based on the IC Rating and Technology Broker methodology. The results of a quantitative study of intellectual capital potential were ranked based on the responses of employees to a 70-question survey. The author presented unique indicators of intellectual capital for each of the three layers: human, organizational, and relational capital, which visualize the process of effective managerial decision-making. The arti- cle emphasizes the importance of managing intellectual capital in the process of creating value and its connections to ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance), especially in the longer-term perspective of gaining a competitive advantage through building an identity based on environmental and social values.
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The main issue addressed in the article relates to the impact of complex economic crises on the book value of joint-stock companies. Turmoil on the stock market has a negative impact on the book value of the entities studied. This is more important because investors buying or selling shares of individual listed companies have a diffi- cult task, since in making decisions around their investments they are exposed to enormous risk and, at the same time, uncertainty. In this case, it is worth examining which stock market indicators are most helpful in assessing the financial health of companies. The purpose of this article is to determine the impact of the selected indicators on the growth of book value of the companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange during crisis circumstances. The research method used in the presented article is the estimation of an econometric model that con- firms the high impact of selected metrics on the book value of listed companies The research on the impact of estimators on the dependent variable covers the period January 2020–May 2023.
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This is a heterodox Economic History on Political Economy, Macroeconomics and Applied Economics, based on the Austrian Economics theory of business cycles, applied to the case of the Spanish Economy during the boom-bust cycle (2002-2014). Attention is focused on the endemic problem of business cycles, such as suc- cessive and distorting periods of boom and bust that modern economies suffer, as with the Spanish economy. This work reviews the analysis of the Austrian School of Economics ́ theory and its development, with attention to the empirical renewal line (into the school), which used econometric support, to help the communication with other economic schools. Consequently, there is a review of the main econometric literature on the Austrian cycle, followed with an illustration of the case of Spain in the Eurozone. In this way, it is possible to better under- stand the cycle of boom and bust by means of new currency emission and how to help econometric tools to illustrate economic principles.
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This article investigates the possible causal relationships between slow-changing cultural characteristics like collectivism and individualism and the economic development of nations. Evidence in the literature shows that there are at least two aspects of collectivism in a society that are important for its economic development. The first can be defined as the strength of collectivism and is related to how strictly individual actions are limited by the power of social norms or the extent to which group members feel socially obliged to give up personal gain for the benefit of the group. The second aspect is the scope of collectivism. This dimension refers to the size of the group within which the collective feeling manifests and whether it spreads also to people with whom an individual has no history of personal relationships. Collectivism that is confined to a narrow group (family, clan) usually hinders economic development, while broad and strong collectivism can foster growth (e.g. East-Asian economies at the end of the XX century). Innovations that accompany economic and social development – such as the expansion of markets, the advances in transport and communications, and the increased educational opportunities – in turn affect the strength and scope of collectivism. The influence of individualism collectivism on economic development and vice versa is mediated by societal features like social capital, norms, institutions, ability to organize collective action, conformism, democratization/modernization, and meritocratic organizations. An in depth look into the above mechanisms and their effects on subjective well-being can also help answer the unsettling question why a number of quality of life indicators have ceased to move in parallel with economic growth in leading economies in recent years.
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Socialist market economy or more broadly China’s road to socialism is a subject of controversy not only in China itself, but also in the international community. This issue is very complex on many levels. From the very beginning of the formation of the CPC it had to pursue different goals and face completely different challenges than its European counterparts. Due to its cultural and civilization distinctiveness, China had to choose its own path to socialism and its construction. During the times of Deng Xiaoping the Chinese economy opened to the influence of foreign capital, which allowed, on the one hand, to significantly accelerate China’s economic development and raise its position in the international arena, and on the other hand, it was the cause of much controversy.
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Venomous doctrines such as Critical Race Theory, Diversity Equity and Inclusion, Economic and Cultural Marxism, etc., have now taken over virtually all U.S. universities. How can this threat to a civilized order best be dealt with? The present paper rejects initiatives such as banning their discussion, ending academic tenure, and reliance on doctrines espousing academic freedom. In their stead, affirmative action for academics professing alternative perspectives is recommended.
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This text attempts to present and critically analyze two prevailing neo-- Marxist schools of thought on the future of work, that derive from Marx’s ambivalent attitude toward work and the role of technology in society. Contemporary thinking on the future of work is split between its humanization and overcoming alienation in a capitalist society on one side, and anti-work and post-work theoretical perspectives that propose its abolition through automation and technological innovations introduced by capitalism on the other. A two-way evolution of the Marxist thought on the future of work will be presented in relation to the growing usage of digital technologies and the development of artificial intelligence, while the disagreement between the two schools of thought won’t be seen as a setback, but the focus will be shifted towards their joint contribution to reexamining the concept of work in social theory and political practice. The question about the future of work will also be analyzed through the lens of gender, in order to draw attention to the position of the social reproduction work and the risk of it being perceived as a highly ethical and authentic form of work that does not require reorganization. An anthropological perspective that emphasizes the link between human communities and work, not in order to project the future society, but to examine the transformation of the concept of work in relation to social, economic, and political frames, that is, at the intersection of neoliberalism and the development of new technologies in the contemporary context, will also be taken into consideration. By analyzing the future of work through different paradigms, we are called to open a new chapter in social theory that will serve as inspiration for future political demands that would lead the society out of the capitalist system.
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The article’s main aim is to assess the impact of economic security on sustainable entrepreneurship in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs), including Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Romania, Slovakia and Slovenia from 2008 to 2020. The paper’s novelty is the development of indicators of sustainable entrepreneurship and its three pillars: economic, social and environmental. Moreover, we assessed the impact of economic security on sustainable entrepreneurship and conducted a comparative analysis of its consequences on the economic, social and environmental components of entrepreneurship. We use the Pearson correlation coefficient, the Ordinary Least Square Method, and the SUR estimations for structural equations. The results of the analysis indicate that sustainable entrepreneurship and economic security in the analysed countries are growing. However, their dynamics are varied, and what is more, economic security has a statistically significant impact on sustainable entrepreneurship. The impact of economic security on sustainable entrepreneurship from 2008 to 2020 is highest in Slovakia, Bulgaria and Poland. The lowest is in Latvia, Romania and Czechia. We notice that pursuing a stable and responsible macroeconomic policy affects the implementation of sustainable development goals. It is important to create the best conditions for growth in the long term, which is a challenge because of the problem of finding optimal relationships between factors that determine economic security.
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