Власність і привласнення як основа інтелектуального розвитку

Author(s): Victor Tarasevich,Igor Leonidov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 33/2017

Subject matter of research. The system of appropriation of intellectual product of national economy and her regulation in Ukraine.Goal of research. This article was aimed on revealing and disclosure of genesis of essence, structure,ownership and appropriation of intellectual product as condition of innovative economy growing.Research methodology. The results was obtained on the base of integration method, what consist of: dialectical method - as disclosure of motive role of contradictions in the evolution of appropriation of intellectual product;modeled - as logical generalization and specification of interaction of belonging and acquisition as fragment of human activity; praxiological approach - as the analysis of active nature an appropriation of intellectual product; system method - as the revealing of build and structure of appropriation of intellectual product.Results. Through development of hypothesis about praxiological bases of ownership and appropriation was proposed innovations to ownership theory.The structuring problem for ownership and appropriation relations is open up in the article. A few approaches analyzed, such, as economic and legal for determination ownership. Limitations and unsolved problems of the seapproaches are educe. At ownership and appropriation analyzed embryo, essence, structure. Their classification reasoned for criterion levels social-individual nature of actor. For this criterion identified: ownership embryo, evolutional levels of appropriation, and their differences, types, kinds, forms. The base elements of appropriation of personification of forces human essence, what determine his contradictory nature, was offered.Sphere of appendix of results. The offered structure of ownership and appropriation of intellectual product,after her use, assists the revealing of general vector of forming a conditions of innovative economy growing,namely are networks of appropriation of intellectual product in countries with a market economy.Inferences. Own is primary «cage» of ownership. Her essence was described by contradictory unity of acquire and disposed of forces human essence. Development of ownership embryo appears as relations between people concerning the appropriation of forces human essence. The base elements of appropriation of personification of forces human essence, what determine his contradictory nature, was first revealed namely: a)a belonging of traditional sets of these forces as part of relations between people concerning an appropriation of personification of forces human essence, what was already captured; b) an acquisition of innovative sets of these forces as part of relations between people concerning an appropriation of new personification of forces human essence. Interaction of belonging and acquisition of personification of forces human essence a mediated by a relation to these forces as at own, was improved. The evolutional row of appropriation was represented:parties of it embryo (a belonging, an acquisition); an interaction process of belonging and acquisition in opposition of «subject-object» (a seize, an awareness) and double unity of the actor (alienation, exploitation); a network exteriorization of acquisition in composition of elements poly-attribute of belonging. Development of active bases and evolutional ties of appropriation of intellectual product determines his essence as categories,what expresses productive relations concerning the actualization of forces human essence.

Przekształcenia własnościowe w państwach postsocjalistycznych: cele, strategie, wyniki

Author(s): Piotr Kozarzewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5/2016

The paper presents an analysis of the efficiency and outcomes of privatization policies in post-communist countries from the perspective of the degree of meeting the privatization goals set by the respective governments. These goals have covered a wide range of systemic, microeconomic, social and political issues and their meeting required creation of a strategy which would resolve a set of dilemmas of structural, implementation, and technical nature. In practice, there were four models of privatization policy according to the way the goals had been set and the dilemmas answered. None of these policies were efficient enough to meet all the privatization goals fully – mainly because of vested interests which were extracting rent from the state-controlled sector. However, the degree of success varies significantly among groups of countries, the CEE states being the leaders of ownership transformation, although even in this group some important unfinished agenda still exists and even trends towards expansion of ownership functions of the state can be seen.

Energy-information Concept of Value

Author(s): Nadiya Ryazanova / Language(s): English Issue: 5-6/2019

Introduction. The «value» category belongs to fundamental categories, it is basic in the economy. As opposed to the well-known labour theory of value, marginalist theory of value (marginal utility theory) and value theories of neo-classic approach, this paper studies value from its energy-information nature’s (its genesis) point of view. Building on theoretical physics and philosophy conceptions regarding «energy» and «information» categories and energy-information duality, the energy-information nature of value has been studied in this research, appropriate features of value have been revealed, as well as its performance (movement) in modern economy (in finance, more precisely, which are the economic domain, where exchange value operates), the nature of financial risks and financial crises. Methods. The main principle, placed in the foundation of study of value concept within economic relations, laws of its movement in economy, role of finances in realization of value (money value and money capital, and further - price) is the following: financial and economic science, in general, must not be based on statements, created by economic science only, but additionally, on fundamental philosophic achievements and other results and achievements by sciences, which are relevant to finance, theoretical physics first of all. Purpose: to study energy-information nature (genesis) of value, and reveal value’s features and laws of its movement in economy from that foundation, which grants a deeper understanding of nature of financial risks and financial crises, as well as sources of value enlargement and economic growth. Results. It was substantiated that value is a type of, let us define this as «central» energy. Value is the economy’s internal energy, which is necessary for its development. Operating in unbreakable value-information interconnection, which is an analogue of energy-information interrelation in the economy, value intertwines all economic relations, shapes relevant value-chains, connects them into a single economy. Energy-information nature (genesis) of value emerges in the following: firstly, consumer and exchange forms of value form and exist as a result of processes, which are possible due to unbreakable connection of energy and information; secondly, information is a carrier of energy as economic resource; it has consumer and exchange values, which are reflected on products, which are produced with this information’s participation; thirdly, on the surface of economic relations, consumer and exchange values are revealed in appropriate information, due to information exchange. Finance is the domain where money (exchange) value and money capital are functioning. The following three features of value were analysed: (1) value operates within value-information interconnection system only; (2) value does not appear from emptiness nor disappear, but transforms from one state to another, intertwining processes, events and things in the economy; (3) value’s quantity is relative. These features of value concern the following: (a) its operation mechanism; (b) its sources; (c) system of coordinates and reference systems that employ value, and quantity of value is defined according to them. Conclusion. Certain statements regarding energy, formulated by theoretical physics, transform logically into value’s characteristics, which are well-known to economic science and practice. This has significant practical meaning, as provides a possibility to reveal the energy-information nature of value. Consequently, there is the possibility to reveal value’s peculiarities and laws of its movement in the economy, which provides us with a unique opportunity to deepen the knowledge of financial risks’ nature and financial crises’ nature, sources of value enlargement and economic growth, on this particular foundation.

Studiu de caz privind prezentarea situațiilor financiare în perioada comunistă și în prezent (II)

Author(s): Sonia Elena Popescu / Language(s): English,Romanian Issue: 02/2020

With corresponding theoretical concepts from both analysed periods (communist and present) as reference, this article will discuss the main differences between the communist period and the present in relation to the presentation of financial statements in Romania. We shall analyse the distinctions and similarities between the two periods, ultimately forming a conclusion encompassing the degree and direction in which this process has evolved in our country.

Suvremena znanstvena relevantnost Marxove analize kapitala (u povodu rasprave o knjizi Daga Strpića Robna proizvodnja i udruženi rad u Marxovoj kritici političke ekonomije)

Author(s): Zdravko Petak / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 02/2020

The paper discusses the relevance of Marx’s analysis of capital and the manner in which that contribution is presented in the book on Marx’s critique of political economy written by Dag Strpić. At the beginning of the paper, the author indicates some elements of the general theoretical framework within which Strpić formulated his research on Marx’s critique of political economy. The paper raises two fundamental questions concerning Marx’s critique of political economy: 1. Can a fundamental starting point be drawn from Marx’s theoretical framework for understanding the importance of institutions in the economic process, as seen by the representatives of old and new institutionalism in political economy? 2. Can a unique explanation of economic crises be derived from reading Marx’s categorical apparatus? The answer to the first question shows that there are certain similarities between Marx’s approach and the approach advocated by economic institutionalists, but also there exist significant differences between the two approaches. The answer to the second question shows that Marx did not develop a unique theory of crises, since there are arguments indicating the existence of two or three different crisis theories which can be found in his work. After that, the author shows, using most general terms, that Marx’s critique of political economy is primarily situated by his attitude towards the classical school, but that it also has some potential to correspond with modern economics. The author shows that the direction of correspondence refers primarily to the explanation of fundamental tendencies in the development of the capitalist system. The conclusion of the paper reviews some of Strpić’s fundamental contributions to political economy.

Kur atsidūrė feodalizmas euroatlantinėje Lietuvos epochoje?

Author(s): Nerijus Babinskas / Language(s): Lithuanian Issue: 3/2020

The article is dedicated to the fundamental subject of the history of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania (GDL) – feudalism. During the 30 years of Lithuanian independence the topic of Lithuanian feudalism was connected, first of all, with the name of Edvardas Gudavičius. Following his death, it became relevant to overview and evaluate Lithuanian historiography dealing with the topic. The main conclusions of the article are the following: 1) After 2003 a theoretical discussion about feudalism began; 2) Gudavičius himself pointed out two criteria to define feudalism from the Marxist point of view: individual peasant households and large landownership; but his interpretation of socioeconomic structure of early GDL applied to only one of them. The concept of the model of the early Central European state, ignored by Lithuanian medievalists so far, was proposed as alternative to the concept of early feudalism.

Economie pentru societate versus societate pentru economie

Author(s): Vasile Goian / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4-6/2020

This article presents the consequences of the entropiceconomy, proposing to human society the connection to uncreatedenergies, which can rearrange the entire universe. In order to better understand the economic mechanisms, various economic policy measures in the sphere of liberalism, socialism and directed liberalism are described, being known that “the primary objective of economic activity is the self-preservation of the human species”,not eminently material profit. This broadly argued approach from such diversified areascan offer a possible orientation of contemporary society to find theway to a fully fulfilled life for an increasingly vast area of Romanianhuman society and beyond.

RUSSIA BETWEEN CHINA AND UKRAINE: THREE POINTS OF VIEW

Author(s): Roman Bäcker / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2021

Russia can be understood in many different ways. Observation from the inside is still possible. Doing your own research is very important, but it can’t be done quickly. The fastest way to understand Russia leads through scientific texts. The level of scientific literature on Russia’s foreign policy can be examined in two ways – through an extensive and long-term analysis of the entire world publications or through a very careful study of the most representative ones. The second path is easier and more effective. Three monographs published by the most recognizable scientific publishing houses in the world were analysed: written by experts, scientists using International Relations (IR) paradigms and scholars representing the neo-Marxist approach. Each of the three schools of foreign policy research has significant academic achievements, and also succeeds in the legitimization or de-legitimization of political actors. Each of these schools also has weaknesses. While experts did not always understand the cultural determinants, scientists with a very good theoretical feedback did not always know all historical facts. By contrast, the authors declaring a neo-Marxist approach actually aimed to justify Russia’s policy rather than to understand it. A multi-level understanding of any (including Russian) foreign policy is possible thanks to the critical analysis of scientists work results.

The Russian break? Mysterious history of reception of Marx’s ideas in future socialist fatherland (review essay)

Author(s): Damian Winczewski / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2020

Uticaj cijena nafte na zemlje izvoznice i uvoznice

Author(s): Kemal Kozarić,Emina Žunić Dželihodžić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2020

This paper summarizes traditional economic views on world oil market as well, with special focus on big fall in oil prices during 2014 and prices changes impact on oil exporting and importing countries. Comparison of selected economic indicators for the greatest oil exporting and importing countries was presented. Analysis have shown a huge impact of oil prices on both, oil exporting as well as importing, countries. It was shown that it is to be expected that the current oil shock will manifest itself in the exporting countries in accordance with these conclusions, ie. countries with more diversified economies and exports, and better fiscal capacity and the possibility of favorable borrowing will be able to respond more effectively to falling prices due to the COVID-19 pandemic. On the part of importers, it is to be expected that such a phenomenon will complicate the adoption of macroeconomic policies due to deflationary pressures of falling oil prices, which contribute to deflationary pressures and expectations that will result from the economic consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic.

METOD EKONOMSKE ANALIZE KAO DEO METODA DRUŠTVENIH NAUKA

Author(s): Nemanja Pantić,Radovan Damnjanovic,Radan Kostic / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2021

The economic process is understood as a set of different phenomena that express forms of human action in social production. These phenomena are repeated in a certain way, that is, there are certain regularities in the course of the economic process, the manifestation of a certain social phenomenon in it. And precisely these (scientifically identified) regularities of objectively conditioned human behavior and actions in the economic process are called economic laws. Many processes, phenomena and relationships appear in society, among which there are also sporadic, accidental ones, which are not repeated, but are present in social production. Economic laws are the regularities of establishing the most important relations and the development of phenomena in the totality of human activity in the process of social production. Certain economic phenomena or processes in the economic life of people are interdependent, so that one phenomenon or process necessarily conditions or causes another phenomenon. That is why we are talking about causal (causal) connections between phenomena in people's economic life. As internal, essential connections in production relations, economic laws explain the general phenomena. Therefore, scientific research, as A. Marshall emphasizes, should not deal with the consequences of known causes or the causes of known consequences, because they are not the most important, but what is not seen in phenomena, and is crucial for social life. In such an understanding, economic laws are also presented as a "never precisely determined average" of the multiplicity of repetition of phenomena in a large number of individual economic relations.

Site-ul web - modalitate modernă de promovare a serviciilor şi colecţiilor bibliotecii publice

Author(s): Mariana Istrate / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 6/2007

The success of public library services on the informational market depends on the library’s presence in the virtual space, more precisely, its visibility on web network. Thus, library must take most advantages of the Internet, not only by using the facilities it offers, but also by creating its own web-site. The creation of a web-site must respect some professional and welldefined rules; if it is well-designed, according to the beneficiars needs, it will increase the library’s prestige, because it is one of the best ways of promoting services.

A new institutional approach to the study of the Soviet-type economy

Author(s): Tamara Todorova,Aleksandar Vasilev / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

The paper analyses the transaction cost of economizing and efficiency-enhancing effects of the Soviet-type economy. The last 30 years of transition have seen the failure of market reforms in many industries in what are traditionally non-market economies. We argue that centralized, command-and-control systems are wealth maximizing in the conditions of persistent transactional and behavioural failures. With its centralism, strict hierarchy, and monopoly over information, the Soviet-type economy was able to produce significant output. We emphasize the role of centralism in coordinating economic activities, curbing opportunism, and facilitating information flow. In highly opportunistic societies where the transaction costs of market operation are significant, centralized systems are more efficient than decentralized, democratic systems based on free-market rules.

Disruptions within global supply chains as a consequence of current economic and political events

Author(s): Slobodan Aćimović,Veljko Mijušković,Ljiljan Veselinović,Ana Todorović Spasenić / Language(s): English,Serbian Issue: 2/2022

The Covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine led to one of the biggest recessions in the recent global economic history. The crisis has affected all segments of economic activity at the global level, which has directly affected the business of internationally oriented companies. The real challenge is to minimize losses in the field of supply chain management in ever more uncertain market conditions, which, after the pandemic, were further aggravated by the current war in Ukraine. The subject of analysis within the paper is the delay in the delivery of strategic raw materials to many companies, which directly affected the non-compliance with production deadlines, and thus the delivery of products to customers. This is, in addition to the problem of securing funds for financing commodities and the huge energy crisis, a problem faced by all companies in the manufacturing segment, which directly affects the cooperation between company supplier - company producer - company buyer. The paper analysis also deals with the current war in Ukraine which is expected to further increase the losses of states and internationally oriented companies, with giving forecasts of a long recovery of the global economy, following after.

Poststructuralism and the Post-Marxist Critique of Knowledge Capitalism: A Personal Account

Author(s): Michael A. Peters / Language(s): English Issue: 21/2022

Motivated by readings of Lyotard, Foucault, Derrida, and Deleuze and Guattari, this paper outlines the basis for three related claims: (i) the knowledge economy is a form of neoliberal globalization; (ii) education has become a form of knowledge capitalism; (iii) poststructuralism provides a post-Marxist critique of knowledge capitalist form of neoliberal globalization. I see my own work as a working out of the exploration of these themes aided by the work of Lyotard, Foucault, Derrida and Deleuze. While these philosophers view themselves in some kind of relationship to the legacy of Marx as Marxist or post-Marxist thinkers, they also entertain ways of going beyond both Marx and the Althusser’s Spinoza-inspired reading of Marx that was dominant in 1970s France. Foucault was intent on establishing a Left culture that was not Marxist, one that could engage with neoliberalism that did not simply repeat old structuralist binaries yet he remained wedded to political economy. He pursued the genealogy of the revival of homo economicus as the basis for the emergence of economic liberalism in the twentieth century. Deleuze and Guattari remained Marxists even after 1968 while systematically displacing Marxist concepts to introduce the concept of “desiring-production” (Marx and Freud), to put desire into the social realm of production as a libidinal investment that takes place without a subject and is autonomous, self-constituting, and creative. Lyotard, as a post-Marxist thinker, examined the status and development of knowledge, science and technology in advanced capitalist societies within the broader context of the sociology of postindustrial society and studies of postmodern culture. After the “fall” of communism, Derrida embraces Marx’s spirit of radical critique and the prospect of the New International to formulate a philosophy of social responsibility. In recent work inspired by these thinkers I posit an alternative form of educational globalization that I call “knowledge socialism” that is based on principles of openness, the ethics of collaboration, and the rise of peer production, which together can constitute a powerful modality of transnational networked intelligence.

Die Rolle der privaten Handwerker in der Sowjetunion

Author(s): Aloys Hastrich / Language(s): German Issue: 04-OEA/1998

With the general rise in the standard of living of Soviet citizens, their need for technical goods and services has also increased. Also in the field of private farmland cultivation, to which the state is again paying more attention because of its importance for the people's nutrition, the need for small agricultural and gardening equipment has increased accordingly, and here too problems arise in increasing and improving the range of services . This development has triggered an increased demand for manual services to maintain equipment and for spare parts. However, the state service industry and state trade have not kept pace with this development, so there are large supply gaps. Resourceful and enterprising craftsmen, who also sell relevant goods, fill this gap.

Innovation und Wirtschaftssystem in Ungarn

Author(s): Kurt Kwasny,András Mezei / Language(s): German Issue: 04-OEA/1998

A technical and economic layman started a debate about the economic system in Hungary that is unparalleled in intensity: On July 1, 1978, the writer Andras Mezei published in the political-literary weekly "Élet és Irodalom" (Life and Literature) under the provocative title "Something is not invented" a sensational article about the shortcomings and deficiencies in the modernization of Hungarian industry. Through an interview with the President of the State Patent Office, Emil Tasnádi, the editors of the magazine heated up the subject in the following issue. Tasnádi harshly criticized the scientists and their indifference to the introduction of technical innovations. At the same time, based on international comparisons, he drew a very negative picture of the country's backwardness in terms of the ratio of intellectual and material effort and its results in order to make the Hungarian economy competitive on the world market.

The mean reversion/persistence of financial cycles: Empirical evidence for 24 countries worldwide

Author(s): Shengnan Lv,Zeshui Xu,Xuecheng Fan,Yong Qin,Marinko Skare / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2023

Research background: The globalization trend has inevitably enhanced the connectivity of global financial markets, making the cyclicality of financial activities and the spread of market imbalances have received widespread attention, especially after the global financial crisis. Purpose of the article: To reduce the negative effects of the contagiousness of the financial cycles, it is necessary to study the persistence of financial cycles and carve out the total connectedness, spillover paths, and sources of risks on a global scale. In addition, understanding the relationship between the financial cycle and economic development is an important way to prevent financial crises. Methods: This paper adopts the nonlinear smoothing transition autoregressive (STAR) model to extract cyclical and phase characteristics of financial cycles based on 24 countries during 1971Q1?2015Q4, covering developed and developing countries, the Americas, Europe, and Asia regions. In addition, the frequency connectedness approach is used to measure the connectedness of financial cycles and the relationship between the global financial cycle and the global economy. Findings & value added: The analysis reveals that aggregate financial cycles persist for 13.3 years for smoothed and 8.7 years for unsmoothed on average. The national financial cycles are asynchronous and exhibit more prolonged expansions and faster contractions. The connectedness of financial cycles is highly correlated with systemic crises and contributes to the persistence and harmfulness of shocks. It is mainly driven by short-term components and exhibits more pronounced interconnectedness within regions than across regions. During the financial crisis, the global financial cycle movements precede and are longer than the business fluctuations. Based on the study, some policy implications are presented. This paper emphasizes the impact of systemic crises on the persistence of financial cycles and their connectedness, which contributes to refining research related to the coping mechanisms of financial crises.

Latin America's Export Trade Prospect of Agricultural Products to China

Author(s): Jun Zhang,Valeska V. Geldres-Weiss,Jorge Heredia / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2023

The objective of this research is to analyze the trade prospect of Latin America countries’ exporting agricultural products to China combining the dimensions of competitiveness and trade potential, and using the Boston Matrix. Based on the agricultural product trade data from 2000 to 2019, three categories are analyzed based on Harmonized System: animal, plant, and food processing product. The results show there are 4 LA countries in the zone of bright prospect trading agricultural products with China, which are Mexico, Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. And 16 countries in the zone of promising prospect, 6 countries in the zone of bottleneck pros- pect, 5 countries in the zone of dark prospect. From the perspective of the category of agricultural products, plant agricultural product is the category in which there are the most countries with bright prospect. From the perspective of trading region, South America is the area in which countries with bright prospect concen- trate. Countries with dark prospect mainly concentrate in Central America and South America. Countries with bottleneck prospect evenly distribute in different regions. Countries with promising prospect mainly concen- trate in the West Indies. To promote Sino-LA agricultural trade, trade categories should be expanded and trade potential should be improved. Plans could be made for cooperation according to local conditions. LA should improve the quality control of exported agricultural products. China and LA should promote regional integra- tion and strengthen technology cooperation in agricultural industry.

Metodyka badania potencjału kapitału intelektualnego przedsiębiorstw produkcyjnych w kontekście obowiązku raportowania niefinansowego

Author(s): Arkadiusz Zalewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The article presents various methods of measuring intellectual capital (IC), such as direct methods, market-based methods, and score- cards, as well as research methods. The aim of the study was to present an original methodology for examining the potential of intellectual capital based on the IC Rating and Technology Broker methodology. The results of a quantitative study of intellectual capital potential were ranked based on the responses of employees to a 70-question survey. The author presented unique indicators of intellectual capital for each of the three layers: human, organizational, and relational capital, which visualize the process of effective managerial decision-making. The arti- cle emphasizes the importance of managing intellectual capital in the process of creating value and its connections to ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance), especially in the longer-term perspective of gaining a competitive advantage through building an identity based on environmental and social values.