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How did we shape our reflection on women during the centuries? The workshop « Les représentations des femmes » (Women’s representations), organized by CRU (Centre de réussite universitaire) and held between March 20th and June 5th 2014, aimed to answer this question during several sessions focused on different centuries in order to highlight the contemporary representations on women. Held by teachers, researchers and students from Bucharest University (Ionela Băluţă, Oana Calen, Simona Necula, Theodora Eliza Văcărescu, Mihaela Stănică, Lidia Cotea, Daniela Rovența-Frumuşani, Alexandra Irimescu, Oana Bălută), the sessions were followed by a roundtable and an essay competition on the topic « Les représentations des femmes. Normes et transgressions » (Women’s representations. Norms and transgressions). The day was opened by poet, translator, essayist and art critic Magda Cârneci who gave a lecture on « Les féminismes dans l’art contemporain » (Feminism in contemporary art) and was closed by Her Excellency Joanne Lemay, Canada Ambassador in Romania who held a speech about the career of a female ambassador and offered the prizes to the winners of the essay competition. Five essays (Diana Curcă, Sorin Lazăr, Andreea Apostu, Alice Răduță, Carla Şuteu) were selected by the jury to be published in the The French Department’s Student Research Group Journal (RCSDLLF) of Bucharest University.
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Il y a de cela cinq ans, le questionnement international était encore dominé par le nouvel ordre mondial. On se demandait alors comment organiser les rapports mondiaux après la fin de la guerre froide au fur et à mesure que se multipliaient les effets de la décomposition des blocs. De manière implicite ou explicite, on s'interrogeait sur les meilleurs moyens de garantir la stabilité du monde à partir de nouveaux arrangements entre États. L'expression exacerbée de nombreux nationalismes pouvait d'ailleurs renforcer l'urgence d'une telle démarche. D'où l'accent mis par exemple sur la réforme du Conseil de Sécurité des Nations Unies pour à la fois l'ouvrir aux anciens vaincus de la guerre - l'Allemagne et le Japon - mais également aux pays du Sud, cruellement sous-représentés. On voulait replacer la légitimité des Nations Unies au cœur du système mondial, même si naturellement les calculs des acteurs étaient différents les uns des autres. Les Américains espéraient réconcilier hégémonie et légitimité avec la levée de l'hypothèque soviétique, tandis que d'autres pays, comme la France, voyaient dans la réévaluation du rôle de l'ONU le moyen d'encadrer l'hégémonie des États-Unis, grisés par leur victoire facile sur l'URSS.
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En France, l'émergence récente de la notion de discrimination positive repose sur un paradoxe. D'un côté en effet, c'est en référence à des pays de langue anglaise que se développe aujourd'hui la réflexion française. On le voit par exemple dans un dossier de la revue Critique internationale qui, pour analyser «les discriminations positives» dans leur pluralité, confronte les analyses de spécialistes des États-Unis, d'Afrique du Sud et de l'Inde; quant au cas de la France, il est traité par une juriste connue d'abord pour son travail sur la jurisprudence de la Cour suprême américaine. Pour penser la discrimination positive, le détour par l'expérience de pays anglophones s'impose tout naturellement.
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Il est connu que l'Orient a représenté à partir de la Grèce ancienne non seulement un repère géographique important pour la construction identitaire du monde considéré comme «civilisé», mais aussi un pays mystérieux dont les évocations ont nourri beaucoup de légendes. Entre une vision qui exalte l'exotisme de ce monde et une autre qui se penche surtout sur le côté maléfique de l'altérité, l'apprivoisement de l'image de l'Orient n'a été jamais complet aux yeux des Européens. Source de la peur et de l'anxiété, de l'exotisme et de la luxure, l'Orient est perçu de l'Antiquité jusqu'à l'époque de la Renaissance comme un territoire susceptible de malheur et de perversité. Dès anciennes guerres médiques et jusqu'à l'expansion ottomane, à travers les invasions des Huns et Tatars, c'est de l'Est que tous fléaux arrivent. Pays de la terreur, mais aussi du royaume promis, l'Orient avait inspiré durant les siècles plusieurs rêves millénaristes et a enchanté l'imagination des prophètes. Il n'est pas étonnant que la fantaisie des chrétiens européens avait placé parfois en Orient le pays édénique du prêtre Jean et aussi la provenance de l'envahisseur apocalyptique.
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The author purposes an analysis of the degree of Europeanisation of the Romanian minority rights policy, within the context of EU conditionality for accession. She begins with a detailed plea for a historical neoinstitutionalist framework, enriched with elements of rational choice and sociological institutionalism, simultaneously drawing upon the Europeanisation concepts of outcomes and mechanisms of change. Accordingly, she investigates the evolution of the govern mental behaviour, discourse and strategies addressing the Hungarian minority in Romania, identifying three major periods, which coincide with the electoral cycle, respectively describing them as a first phase of inertia and retrenchment, a second phase of absorption, and a third phase of transformation. A similar analysis maps the EU, from gate-keeping during the Balladur Plan, monitoring, vague legislative and institutional templates in the Commission's annual reports, while the EU' s financial contribution for consolidating minority rights in Romania constitutes another mechanism towards Europeanisation via aid and technical assistance.
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The digital divide (second level skills and third level online benefits) and social inequalities – socio-economic (inequalities between professional groups with different levels of education), which are associated with unequal market opportunities; socio-demographic inequalities (based on gender and age) are interrelated. At the same time, digital communication is developing and increasingly entering both professional and personal life. This article is focused on social inclusion and inequalities in the context of digital society and digital communication. The goal is to investigate the importance of socio-professional status for the development of digital skills, for the benefits and risks of online communication. To realize this goal, the article makes a secondary analysis of data from the tenth wave of the European Social Survey and the Digital Economy and Society Index to 2021.
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The expansion of the technical and communication fields had the effect of increasing the quantity of images with which we come into contact in reality. Through the functions and roles they fulfill, images have a transformative effect on us. They are constituted not only as simple representations of real objects, but serve as identity markers, with a formative role of the person. The work of Serge Tisseron, a French psychiatrist and psychoanalyst, studies how man's relationships with his peers, but also with objects that previously only had a mediating role in relationships with otherness, have changed, under the influence of images.
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The rapid growth of cultural and linguistic diversity in modern societies has increased the interest of researchers in different fields in the phenomenon of bilingualism, which can be analyzed from several perspectives, depending on the benchmark: the individual or society. Bilingualism manifested at the individual level in countries such as the Republic of Moldova cannot be analyzed without taking into account the political, historical and social events in the region. Therefore, the sociolinguistic perspective is the one presented in this paper. The harmonious bilingualism formalized by the USSR and promoted even in the MSSR was partial and asymmetrical in nature, with all the characteristics of a situation of diglossia and favoring the emergence of linguistic conflict. As a result, we will discuss the evolution of bilingualism in Bessarabia, the MSSR and the Republic of Moldova manifested at the collective level and the way in which the sociological approach demonstrates the obligatory presence of the functional and status hierarchy of languages in contact and the impossibility of achieving balance.
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Review on the book: Loewenich, H. von und Rychlo, P. (2022). Bukowinisch-Galizische Literaturstraße. Dokumentation zu einem deutsch-ukrainischen Kulturprojekt. Czernowitz : Knyhy – XXI, 288 S.
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The article shares facts related to the increased personal data encroachment on e-system users, the misuse of stolen data, and the apparent helplessness of the responsible institutions and organizations. In order to reveal the scale of cybercrime the author share results from the studies of different teams on the 2018-2019 period. The Bulgarian libraries store valuable information, including personal data. That’s why has been made the brief review about cybersecurity problem in this organizations. Questions are placed on where and how the data is stored and how well they are protected. Libraries database have been found to be particularly vulnerable, and lack of clarity about what is happening in them demonstrates a disparaging attitude. Emphasis is placed on the inability to reach a fair answer to questions about the basic readiness of these organizations, such as: how many libraries offer not only “on-site” but also electronic services; what are the services and how they are maintained; what technologies are used, and what proportion of library staff has high / expert IT skills. The conclusion is that the library system in the country is in miserable state, in chronic shortage and is in a period of survival. Cybersecurity issues are out of ordinary. To discussion the author's suggests opinion that cyberworld has spawned a new elite that has gained strength. We are witnesses to the opposition of two elites, different in origin and power. The traditional elite seeks publicity, and in this publicity demonstrates "ideas", "values", "politics", "power". On the other side is the parallel cyberworld, in which the happening is significantly more dynamic and larger, invisible, relying on the non-standard use of "loopholes" in technology. The cyber-elite seeks anonymity / invisibility, and the general public recognizes only some of their "goals" and "ambitions", "strategies", "ingenuity", and "unconventionality". Even if it is true that who have the power in the traditional world have created cyberspace as a new environment for old actions, today the cyber-fighters are in a winning position on the invisible cyber-battle. In this world, libraries are deep peripheries – they are technologically backward, helpless, surviving. Unfortunately, they are not alone in this situation.
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In the genre of experimental thinking, this article poses the question of what is the field of primary self-evidences from which those critiques of the present that have as a stake Gaia (Bruno Latour) and the living earth (Deyan Deyanov) could draw their justification. Can we assume as true – and, if so, in what sense – the self-evidence by which Latour qualifies the universality of the experience that “the ground is giving way” as well as Deyanov’s thesis that the living earth today “may be warning us, blaming us, taking revenge on us, and demanding atonement from us” in the face of “ecocollapse”? Within the framework of an ecological phenomenology inspired by the later Husserl’s analytics of the life-world, the article outlines an understanding of primordial nature which places in epoché the Galilean nature of “bare things” that exists as an “absolutely persisting” reality in itself and “speaks in the language of mathematics”. At stake in this phenomenological archeology is the manifestation of a “primal generative” core (Husserl) in the light of which the object constitution of the natural world unfolds eo ipso as a constitution of a world of goods; while the alien (in their cultural-historical formation) surrounding worlds open up to the possibility of connection-in-separation in “the one life-world of Gaia”. This phenomenological archeology can be viewed as a correlate of the practical archeology of the “forgotten” nature which, upon every techno-natural disaster, rejects its status of formless material and manifests itself as a phenomenon of befalling.
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Mamardashvili and Marx
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This article by Rastko Močnik on ideological interpellation, written in 2013, is one of the testaments to how much our understanding of the critique of ideology owes to our encounter with this remarkable thinker. Regrettably, during the past decade, though passed from hand to hand, it remained in manuscript, kept in our archives – first at the Institute for Critical Social Studies (Močnik was Co-Chair of its International Board of Directors) and then at the Institute for Critical Theories of Supermodernity. Arguably, the article summarizes the essence of his theory as he developed it during those years in a series of lectures at the Universities of Sofia and Plovdiv. Revisiting the Althusserian problem of ideological interpellation, Močnik starts from the problem of orientation towards another’s discourse and of what he calls “double inscription” of discursive sequences; goes through some of his past solutions (relying primarily on Oswald Ducrot’s theory of argumentation in language), and through Deyan Deyanov’s theory of pre-predicative self-evidences of thought and the chances of proposing a new solution based on it; and, finally, analyzes in microscopic detail several case studies to arrive at the interesting conclusion that we need to distinguish between a “reproductive ideological interpellation by identification”, and a “disruptive interpellation by subjectivation”. What will Močnik’s theory offer us from now on and what awaits us in our dialogue with it? Only the future can tell.
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This article will follow approximately the following strategy. I will first show briefly what the logic of Weber’s work with genetic – as opposed to classificatory – concepts consists of and what possibilities it opens up for historical theoretical consideration. I will then trace some possible results of the application of this work to the concepts of “rationalism” (“Western rationalism”) and “capitalism” (“modern capitalism”). Particular emphasis will be placed on some specific configurations (historical encounters) that such work on rationalism and capitalism has come across, but I will show that these – mongrel in character – formations also highlight fields of possible disintegration. All this, as I will summarize in the end, allows further light to be shed on the interrelationship between rationality and capitalism. Finally, rather as a promise for future work, I will briefly consider a different (Schumpeter’s) vision of the relationship between rationality and capitalism, which nevertheless stems from Weberian contexts.
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In this article, I proceed from the already discussed problem of subjectness in abductive inference, aiming to offer a deeper experimental analysis of its endogenous practical logic in light of the problem of the so-called metamorphoses of magic and disenchantment in the context of the problems of theories of structures of self-mediation. To this end, I first present in detail the problem of the functions of abductive inference, and then offer an experimental analysis of a case of innovative labor – the story of Thomas Edison’s invention of the electric lamp and his attempts to turn it into an economic innovation. Against the background of some major moments in its factual history, I present explicitly the results of an analysis of the endogenous practical logic of the dialectical alongside the results of an analysis of the non-classical logic of the dialectical (while upholding in each analysis the viewpoint of the other, albeit mostly implicitly). Thus, analyzing abductive inference in the perspective of the problems of theories of structures of self-mediation, the article summarizes the chances that this inference provides for thinking multidimensionally of the metamorphoses of magic and disenchantment as a special case of the more general problem of both the operation and mutual mediation of functionally differentiated and functionally diffuse structures.
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Increasing financial literacy in the population of children and youth is a prerequisite for preventing financial problems of individuals in adulthood. The larger part of the population will have the opportunity to learn about personal finance already during schooling, the higher the assumption that they will avoid complications related to money and property management in the future. The introduction of the issue of financial literacy into the curriculum, but above all into the state education programs, is the subject of research in the submitted paper. At the same time, it contains recommendations that were formulated with the aim of effectively introducing financial literacy into individual school education programs.
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This article examines the history and culture of Argentinian tango as a translocal social dance and emphasizes its revivalist component along with other characteristic features: nostalgia, listening, and experimentation. It represents the partial and the preliminary result of the author’s anthro-pological research that they are currently conducting as part of the doctoral programme at the Faculty of Humanities of Charles University in Prague. The author concludes that both nostalgic beliefs and the desire to create something new contribute to the process of tango revival.
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The article is an extension of the plenary lecture delivered on February 16, 2023 in the Hall of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences on the occasion of Nicolaus Copernicus’s 550th birth anniversary and the 150th anniversary of the first public meeting of the Academy of Arts and Sciences in Krakow.An answer to the key question: “Why are we still interested in Nicolaus Copernicus?” is formulated. It concerns the multidimensional space of issues, including: man, society, culture (science, theology and religion, fine arts), ideas, concepts, time – space. And all of the above is discussed in changing historical contexts.This subject is approached from the perspective of the methodology of historical sciences and the history of science, history, history and philosophy of science, history of ideas, scientific cosmology and general cultural cosmology, history of art and culture, history of theology and religion, history of memory, political and geopolitical history, sociology and cultural studies: the cultural role of great heroes / geniuses and collective work in culture, as well as the role of occasional celebrations and the figure of Copernicus as an “advertising brand”.
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The activity of the PAU Commission on the History of Science in the academic year 2022/2023 was discussed.Lists of scientific meetings, conferences, scientific sessions and seminars as well as new publications were presented.
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