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The presented article focuses on some thoughts on the subject of the axiological aspect of literary education based on the example of a traditional theme or literary convention of the princess (topos). The subject matter of the research is the figure of the princess – a children’s literature character - in her archetypal aspect seen as a typical topos of children’s fiction. Attention has been paid to attempts at raising the problem of certain values in children’s literary education. The author examines diverse perspectives concerning education (C. Freinet, M. Montessori, H. Read, J. Korczak, S. Szuman) pointing that there are many problems when it comes to the enforcement of its basic rules or assumptions. The author also accentuates an important function of carrying and presenting some values in literary education. To present this issue clearly, the important role of the archetypes and topoi of children’s literature has been emphasized. The important meaning of the axiological function of literature for children is illustrated by means of the example of the archetypical model of a hero-princess in children’s literature as a carrier of values understood especially by younger children. The author refers to the category of literature for children by Jerzy Cieślikowski, the theory of archetypes in children’s fiction by Alicja Baluch, issues of cultural anthropology (J.G. Frazer, W. Propp ) as well as to certain psychoanalytical aspects (B. Bettelheim, C. P. Estés, P. Péju). The text is of a theoretical nature and something of an introduction to further deliberation.
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Death, although present and visible in life, is considered a social taboo and adults often protect their children from this topic. On the one hand, they think that by doing so they will avoid difficult topics, on the other hand, they do not know how to start a conversation. Besides explanation of what death is, they are also afraid of the feelings and emotions which accompany it: despair, sadness, grief, longing, mourning. Their fears and perhaps also their lack of knowledge push this topic to the margins of family life. And yet, death occurs not only in the world of humans but also of animals and plants. It should be talked about and the children’s natural curiosity should be satisfied. Such conversations should be prepared. The first step is to choose the right children’s literature. The choice should be based on the age of a child and the situation we want to present. We have books about the death of a parent, the death of a grandfather, death of someone from a distant environment (death of a parent of a kindergarten friend), death of animals and plants. The stories in books should describe death in a gentle but consistent way. The next step is the creation of the right atmosphere and the selection of the right words. The understanding of death by children between the ages of 3 to 10 is influenced by those in their immediate surroundings. Conversations, supported by the appropriate literature, will help the youngest to get used to the phenomenon and to go through the stages of mourning.The article, after the necessary extensive introduction to the phenomenon of death, its place in the present world and its understanding by children, indicates and presents the appropriate children’s literature. The presented books about death are only indications and set the course for further exploration of valuable books for children.
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In this article I present examples of children’s literature related to the categories of immigration and refugee. I show examples of fairy tales, readings and storytelling, which are part of intercultural education projects and programs, and “non-fiction” books written for children. The purpose of the article is to indicate the role of these publications in enhancing knowledge about refugee status, raising awareness of the problems experienced by the “Refugee”, as well as developing an attitude of inclusion and tolerance towards minorities. The issues raised here should be considered important because the presence of refugees and immigrants is not always associated with the openness of citizens of the host country, resulting from racial, ethnic or religious conflicts. These disturbing phenomena require in-depth reflection on the issues of attitudes toward the members of the groups described here and the attempts to find “remediation”. It is particularly important to undertake parental interventions in relation to the key moments in children development. Literary texts provide opportunities for reflection on the importance and value of bilateral dialogue and the realization of common goals in a diversified world.
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The article addresses the issue of setting a literary text to music. It discusses various aspects of preparing learning material based on children’s literature that is enriched or defined by musical interpretation, either vocal and instrumental or musical adaptation. The theoretical analysis included in the text focuses on presenting problems connected with musical adaptation and stages designed to prepare them through listening to the vocal and instrumental repertoire of children’s songs. By applying various means of musical expression, verbal and musical artistic adaptations provide a musical experience to young audience. Descriptive, comparative and interpretive studies have made it possible to trace and signal the subject of a given literary text. Carrying out this study has allowed an analysis of particular musical and literary examples in terms of the relationship between words and music as well as the relationship between the two on the example of children’s repertoire selected for the purpose. Considerations regarding setting a literary text to music are preceded by the stage of listening to the melody of the verses themselves, which constitutes an active response of the recipient to the message contained or interpreted in children’s poetry. What follows is the attaining of the idea of a given song addressed to a child; it gets translated into sounds and, consequently, requires the right choice of instrument. We are then dealing with the confrontation of the world presented in the piece with a non-literary reality – music. The realization of the idea of the song takes place through the sounds and tones produced by instruments chosen appropriately. Intentionalism in words translates into specific means of musical expression and thus the imagined becomes more precisely visible and the artistic creation is presented in more detail. Transposing words into musical sounds requires knowledge of the musical language that introduces one into the world of universal humanistic values, facilitates understanding, activates the reception process, and encourages them to indulge in one’s own artistic activity.
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The article presents research results aimed at checking the effectiveness of knowledge interactions contained in music books by Izabella Klebańska and Anna Czerwinska-Rydel on music education of preschool children. In order to elaborate on the main problem, questions were asked about the musical aspects of books, the ways of shaping knowledge and perception. The method of pedagogical experiment, technique of one group was applied. Experimental factors were selected issues from books on the music of the mentioned authors. In the course of the research it was determined that the knowledge contained in the books of A. Klebanska and A. Czerwińska-Rydel significantly influenced children’s musical education, contributing to the development of musical skills and competences of four and five year old children as well as their musical interests. So far only scientific literature has been subjected to the poetic layer of children’s musical literature. Interdisciplinary pedagogical-musical studies indicate not only the artistic value of the analyzed works, but also the possibility and effectiveness of the use of poetry or prose as a medium for a knowledge of music.
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It is commonly said that we live in a time of the relativism of values and this results in modern man having difficulty in defining values and applying them to life. The basic place of promoting these values is the family but the kindergarten undoubtedly shares this role due to the educational and didactic functions it implements since it introduces a child into the world of values. Both in the family and the kindergarten, the role and the value of children’s literature is not overestimated in the process of shaping the value system of a child. It is created for children, for their benefit. The article presents the results of research conducted in five selected local self-government kindergartens in Biała Podlaska. The main purpose of the research was to uncover the practical dimension of the use of literature by children aged 6 and the values it promotes. The purpose was achieved by means of four tasks: getting to know the titles of children’s books at home and their preferred literary positions; getting to know their favourite characters; identifying the literacy of children and the situations in which they have contact with books in a kindergarten. The research shows that building the world of values for a child without literature aimed at them is practically impossible. The way in which it is used, however, is primarily dependent on parents and the kindergarten.
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The acquisition of educational experiences by children from grades 1-3 may be enhanced by means of the use of various didactic aids. Undoubtedly, one of them may be printed materials; therefore, the subject matter of the presented text is the Świerszczyk magazine published in the 20th century. The objective of the analysis was to show the magazine as a didactic aid for teachers of grades 1-3 in the course of teaching mathematics. In this context, special attention was paid to the presence of tasks, games and exercises which offer an incentive for taking an interest in mathematics for early-school pupils. The quantity, type, and also the quality of the Świerszczyk content referring to mathematics varied, depending on the decade of the 20th century. However, the diversity of texts and also tasks addressed to young readers was a support at the beginning of their educational path. It could also provide an inspiration for teachers of grades1-3 with respect to preparing interesting and activating lessons. In particular, board games and card games included in the magazine contributed to the formation of a number of vital competences in children (especially in the area of mathematics), encouraged them to modify the presented ideas and stimulated the development of creativity and imagination.
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Assured by the transmission of the dogma of papal infallibility, the position of the Bishop of Rome in the Christian world is clear to see in religious images. Its iconography not only informs us about the attributes of the papacy, but also symbolically shows the authority of St. Paul and his successor Peter. However, the profaneization of the teaching ofce of the Church, which takes over the secular forms of ritual, is increasingly exacerbated, and refers more to the emotional aspects than the dogmas of the faith. Thus, increasingly the head of the Catholic Church has become an idol, not a religious leader, a celebrity, not a spiritual authority. The creation of a new papacy pattern follows: the leadership of one of us, appointed leadership, not elected without a deadline. This puts the future of religious imagery from the Vatican imprimatur under the question of when their devotional destiny and sacred word will eventually disappear.
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The article presents a study on the level of self-authorizing personality development conducted in 2013-2016 within a group of 69 adolescents, alumni of a Montessori school in Lublin then aged 16-21. The method for collecting empirical data was a POA questionnaire designed by K. Obuchowski, measuring 3 main dimensions of personality: subjectivity, being a person and individual valuation standards. The results proved that almost all of the graduates of Montessori classes had developed self-authoring characteristics at an optimum level. The average results of the three main dimensions of the author’s personality: subjectivity, being a person and taking an attitude are significantly higher than the theoretical average of the scale, which allows the determination of a high level of all areas of authorial personality and the co-occurrence of the aforementioned properties. The obtained values in the range of 14 differential categories of the author’s personality are significantly higher from the theoretical average of the scale and inform about the high level of all personality characteristics. There was no difference in the personality profile due to the sex of the graduates. According to Obuchowski’s observations, the respondents realize their needs and are able to distance themselves from them, develop themselves, guide the sense of their existence, positively assess themselves, their goals and the world around them. The ability of the subjects to generate a set of reasons that underlie the strongest subjective standard of valence (attitude) means not only the mastering and dominance of abstract operations, which condition the conscious creation of private knowledge, become independent of the control of a specific experience, create the opportunity for effective long-distance operation and enables them to make responsible choices.
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The Good Start Method of M. Bogdanowicz has been used in Polish education for over fifty years, bringing excellent results. This method is still in development, bringing new materials, and since 2011 there is also a version of the English teaching method called The Good Start Method for English. In the first part of this article I present a profile of M. Bogdanowicz, describing the genesis of the main goals and assumptions of the Good Start Method and presenting the structure of activities. In the second part, I focus on The Good Start Method for English, based on the Good Start Metod of teaching English and development support aimed at 5 and 6-year-old children undergoing schooling, as well as first-grade primary school students. I present the characteristics of a group of recipients and the unique nature of running language classes with children. Next, I present the goals, assumptions and structure of the method and the content of this program. Finally, I present the effects of The Good Start Method for English based on the available results of pilot studies.
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School violence is one of the most disturbing phenomena, not only from the point of view of the goals and functions of a school, but also in the wider dimension of social life and the fate of individuals. Schools, instead of being safe and peaceful places, are a space of oppression and anxiety. Violence on school grounds is an extremely complex, multi-faceted and difficult issue of a social, psychological and pedagogical nature, as well as a moral and axiological problem. The paper presents an authorial model of school violence, which should be dealt with by students, teachers and parents, as well as their transactional ego states. This model is based on one of the lesser known psychotherapeutic concepts of transactional analysis (TA). School violence takes place within the Drama Triangle of the following psychological roles: Victim, Rescuer, Persecutor (Stephen B.Karpman). All these factors create a cube of mutually conditioned dependencies. Preventing and dealing with school violence should be conducted in accordance with the model of the Winner’s Triangle and alternating psychological roles of being: Assertive, Caring and Vulnerable (Acey Choy).
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Popular games are not a waste of time, as many may think. Before the introduction of primary school education, the game was the school of children. They learnt everything they needed while playing. Games and toys helped children become cleverer and wiser. In the article, we present a group of games with an object - the games in which an object is produced. Children worked with natural materials and learnt culture techniques better. It can be claimed that this type of play reflected the unity of nature and society. The study deals with the presentation of such unity by the German minority in Hungary.
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In the modern world, real environment is increasingly mixed with virtual environment. This problem particularly applies to children’s experiences, because both of these environments are already natural for them. In many situations, technology so deeply interferes with our everyday life that it is difficult to draw a clear border between real and virtual experiences. It results with important consequences for the education and upbringing of the young generation, and it may affect the quality of the child-parent relationship. The aim of this study is to show the trends currently observed in the development of toys based on digital technologies, and related implications. The main transformations taking place in the world of toys under the influence of media and the expansion of digital technologies, as well as the resulting consequences for parents, are described. Examples of such toys and their possibilities are presented. Various aspects and contexts of the impact of new media are discussed, as the media are often used by children for play.
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Looking from the perspective of the requirements of the modern world, STEM education is a significant challenge related to teaching both people whose professional paths will be associated with STEM and those who will use knowledge in this area “unprofessionally” – only to solve everyday problems. Teachers and educators face a difficult challenge related to arousing the interest of learners in the subject of STEM, developing understanding of scientific concepts and processes, and strengthening the involvement in scientific activity. Narratives are becoming an important tool available to educators in the implementation of this task. They can arouse the students’ interest through an attractive form of presentation of, e.g. the figures of outstanding scientists or brilliant discoveries. Such forms of presentation can introduce both basic and advanced scientific knowledge, and, at the same time, save cognitive resources, strengthening the children’s involvement by making them actively participate in discovering not only the scientific laws, but also the meaning (including the personal one) of science. It is also important that narratives can become a useful tool for building the positive image of science as a world accessible to everyone, regardless of gender, age or origins. The purpose of this article is to indicate only a few areas of possible applications of narratives in STEM education, and to encourage the use of various narrative materials in education in this area at various stages of education.
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Recenzja książki: Eugeniusz Sakowicz (red.), Wychowanie i edukacja w kulturach, religiach i światopoglądach, Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego, Warszawa 2020, ss. 277.
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Recenzja książki: Małgorzata Kaliszewska, Takie Ujsoły. Taka ja. Próba autoetnografii, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jana Kochanowskiego w Kielcach, Kielce 2020, ss. 340.
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Celem artykułu była teoretyczna analiza tego, jaki związek może zachodzić między współczesnymi osobowościami medialnymi a wychowaniem dziecka. W rozważaniach odwołano się do pojęć “znaczącego Innego” oraz autorytetu, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem autorytetu medialnego. Jednocześnie podkreślono, że pojęcie autorytetu współcześnie bardzo mocno rozmywa się. W kolejnej części artykułu opisano trudności związane z wychowaniem dziecka, w świecie zanurzonym w mediach. W celu osiągnięcia pewnej równowagi, po dokonaniu analizy wytworów, podano przykłady medialnych osobowości, mogących pełnić rolę “znaczącego Innego” czy autorytetu medialnego i pozytywnie oddziaływać na współczesne dzieci.
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