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The article looks at the contemporary socio-economic model in Bulgaria arguing that it does not correspond to the broad European tradition of being sensitive to the presence of significant social imbalances in the society. The author insists that this is one of the primary factors for the controversial economic outcomes and the existence of deepening social problems in the country. The argumentation goes through evaluation of the formation process of the new socio-economic model in Bulgaria after 1989 and the assessment of the economic and social outcomes for the period until 2022. On this basis it is concluded that maintaining the current policy in the medium-term will inevitably undermine not only the economic prospects, but also the quality and stability of Bulgarian democracy.
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The article examines the influence of the parameters of expert speech on the trustworthiness, authority and clarity of information in the media. The following parameters of the expert speech, based on research on the specifics of the professional and media register (Halliday 1989, Videnov 2012 and others), in the media texts were observed: presence, adequacy and naming of the sources - expert and informational; presence of professional vocabulary and terminology; complicating the syntactic organization of utterances; presence of international vocabulary and foreign words and expressions; presence of evaluative and expressive vocabulary (metaphors, etc.); use of modal and conditional constructions to distinguish factual from non-factual information; correlation of indicative and retelling forms. A survey was conducted to establish the influence of linguistic facts on the assessment of expert speech in media reports. A survey was conducted on sentences from 14 informational articles selected using the keywords "coronavirus experts". The questionnaire contained 12 multiple-choice questions, grouped into three sections according to the criteria to be measured: trustworthiness (6 questions), clarity (3 questions) and authority (3 questions). The comments establish a different influence of the same language parameters on the sense of trustworthiness, authority and clarity of the content. Their reading depends on the experience, skills and attitudes of the audience to understand the media text.
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The paper presents the historical development and the huge contribution of the Department of Pediatrics at the Medical University of Sofia and its first leader - Prof. S Vatev for the development of pediatrics and children’s healthcare in Bulgaria. The main scientific fields in the research and clinical activities of the numerous collaborators of the Department are outlined.
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This work examines the situation of education and training of students who are learning Bulgarian language, literature and culture in China. The approach is interdisciplinary. Through an analysis of literature sources and a questionnaire survey of a specific target group of respondents, an attempt is made to clarify the real situation of teaching Bulgarian as a foreign language in China.
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The paper focuses on observation of the Polish interwarpress (Catholicnationalist, left-wing, feminist journals) in terms of itsinterest in the topic of female emancipation through workin Soviet Russia. The analysis of the images of Soviet women appearing in these journals, the way of seeing an devaluating the transformations in the Soviet Union after 1917 show the patriarchy and Catholic traditionalism of Polish culture.
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Introduction: Professional organizations have a significant contribution to the development of individual professions, including those in the area of healthcare by guiding the development of the profession from education to recommendations for practice for the benefit of society. No less important is their role in the planning, organization and implementation of continuous vocational training of health professionals, given the present rapid technological progress. Objective: To study the emergence and development of healthcare professional organizations and in particular X-ray technicians organization in Bulgaria, and their role in the development of the profession – X-ray technician. Methods: Documentary analysis was used. Results: The processes that led to the emergence of professional organizations in the field of healthcare and their contribution to the development of the professions are reviewed in historical perspective. Globally, the role of healthcare professional organizations and in particular those of X-ray technicians is constantly growing in terms of regulations for the profession, development of training guidelines and determining the necessary professional competences. Given the rapid development of technology, increasing attention is paid to the continuous professional development of personnel as an important factor for provision of adequate healthcare services.
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Two poets, the Russian Alexander Blok and the Bulgarian Geo Milev are considered as representative for pre-WWI East-European leftwing intelligentsia in their attitude towards the Revolution. Both wrote emblematic poems based on real revolutionary upheavals, the Russian revolution of 1917 and the Bulgarian uprising of 1923; both saw them as uprisings of the “havenots”, who both named “slaves”. Both had seen war as participants in WWI and had been abhorred by the mass ferocity; but neither was ready to renounce their pre-war leftism. That’s why they celebrated the post-war revolutionary uprisings in their countries. However, after experiencing the reality of the post-revolutionary regime in Russia, Blok renounced the revolution of the slaves; Milev has no such experience and continued to praise the Revolution.A parallel is drawn between those “revolutionary slaves”, the “passive slaves” of today’s Internet, and the Russian soldiers, who passively follow orders to kill in Ukraine, simultaneously displaying the “agelsss spite of the slave” (Milev) while spontaneously raping, plundering and destroying in that country without referral to a moral code, as if it’s a computer game.
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This article is a close observation of a few conspiracy theories, which became popular in the last few years, mostly because of the two major events – COVID-19 and the war in Ukraine. In addition to the analytical approach towards these theories, I try to fi nd out how they are used by the Russian Federation in the field of the ongoing hybrid war. The conspiracy theories, which I observe here, bears a qualitative change and mutates in propaganda narrative. The qualitative variation can be found in the mixed mode of use of conspiracy theories as propaganda. I pay special attention to the conspiracy theory which includes 5G and its eff ect on both COVID-19 and the motivations of Putin’s war. Another important part of this study is the correspondence between the conspiracy reason and the way it helps spread and upgrade the propaganda narrative. ThIs effect is boosted by new media tools of our digital era.
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The current article aims to present facts about the development of the profession of the dental technician from its origin to the formation of its present status which is a result of the great social and political changes taking place near the end of 20th and the beginning of the 21st century in Bulgaria. To achieve the goal, we studied literature sources, normative documents, personal archives, in-depth interview narratives related to the history of the association “Union of Dental Technicians in Bulgaria”. The profession begins its development as a private practice activity. The practitioners are apprentices, journey- men and dental master technicians. Along with the private practice, a small number of public laboratories and organized cooperatives emerge. After the beginning of 1974 dental technicians work only for state and departmental laboratories. Subsequently, the state dental technical laboratories are transformed into municipal ones. After 1990 dental technicians working for the state sector are given the opportunity to register and work additionally from 2 to 4 hours as private entre- preneurs. Gradually the municipal and departmental laboratories are closed. The laboratories subordinate to the dental faculties remain the only active ones and private practice becomes predominant.
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The life and creative path of a professor Dr. Peter Mullens is traced - brilliant parasitologist, malariologist, microbiolo- gist, chief army hygienist, professor, author of numerous publications. The focus is on the contribution of Prof. Mullens in the organization of the fight against malaria in the Bulgarian army during the First World War, his work on the successful elimination of malaria in the southern regions of the country, his efforts in organizing the experimental work of the Institute in Burgas.
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The paper will analyze two speeches of historical importance for international relations and oratory of the 21st century. The first one is the speech of the President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, of 21 February 2022, which is considered the most significant official announcement of Russia about the events in Ukraine, and the second one is the speech of 24 February 2022 as its logical, meaningful and contextual continuation. Those two speeches, broadcast on multiple channels and media, last for an hour and a half and contain a multitude of material facts exposed through special rhetorical procedures, most often rhetorical examples of misunderstandings. The perspective of the Russian side which could not be seen in the pro-Western media is also given here. It sets up a euphemistic reinterpretation of the events eristically presented in the foreign media as an invasion, an aggression, a war conflict and an attack.
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The subject of the undertaken research is the analysis of geopolitical and geoeconomic changes in the multipolar world of the 21st century, which lead to the transformation of the world system. There is an ongoing evolution of the geostrategic position of the United States of America (USA), the rise of China, as well as the division of the world that occurred with the offensive activities of Russia and the expansion of other countries such as India, Brazil, and Saudi Arabia. The goal of the research is to emphasize, in addition to the basic geopolitical component, the importance of the geoeconomic component, as derived, in international relations, which is often less clearly visible in the background of many international conflicts and alliances. The main thesis of the paper is that dominant geostrategic powers such as the USA, China and Russia follow their long-term geopolitical and geoeconomic interests and goals putting them into conflicting or allied relations, which is again responsible for the configuration of power and the relationship between the great powers in the arena of world politics. The paper applies a multidisciplinary combined method that is based on political and economic sciences, and sometimes studies broader geopolitical processes or focuses on a narrower geoeconomic analysis of individual parameters.
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