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The Paper represents a qualitative study, conducted using legal analysis of competencies in developing and adopting a national development strategy in the Republic of North Macedonia. The Paper addresses the legal competencies of state actors and their capacities for adopting national strategic documents: parliament, government and the potential role and limitations of the chief of state. Furthermore, the paper gives an overview of the challenges of multisectoral scope of national development and collaboration with local government. The paper focuses on coordination mechanisms between central authorities and social partners, including horizontal coordination such as permanent bodies, ad hoc bodies, and intra-sectoral collaboration; as well as vertical coordination between the government and civil society organizations. The paper also analyzes strategies as mechanism for coordination and the provision of coherent public development policies.
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In the strict sense of the word, family is the foundation of a healthy person’s development, while in a broad sense it represents the foundation of a society. By its legal definition, marriage implies the union of a woman and a man, and in social relations it denotes love, togetherness, peace, tranquility, and happiness. The appearance of domestic violence creates a serious problem not only for the immediate family or the marital/extramarital partner, but also for the entire society. The extended family, that is, third parties, do not necessarily have to be a part of this situation, as it usually happens between the marital/extramarital partners, and in most cases the problem remains between them.The legal position of one of the marital/extramarital partners who is the victim is a very complex problem that requires a thorough analysis and discussion. Since the marital/extramarital union represents an intimate relationship between partners, the occurrence of violent behavior leaves the victim unprotected and the problem remains within the union itself, which represents an essential problem from a legal point of view.One of the basic problems in protecting the victim of domestic violence is how to prevent the abuser from committing violence, which measure or sanction will result in him not committing or repeating the acts of violence. The analysis of this subject matter would lead to insights and potential solutions aimed at more adequate protection, education, and care for the victims of domestic violence in martial/extramarital union.
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The paper analyses the provisions of Recommendation of the Council of Europe number R(99)4 on Principles Concerning the legal Protection of Incapable Adults, which is one of the key international instruments in the field of legal protection, especially for older persons who need help or have been ordered to some of the protection measures, which includes substitute decision-making. In this regard, Recommendation R(99)4 contains important guidelines for the reform of national legislation, the aim which is to guarantee, wherever possible, the rights, integrity, and independence of these persons to greatest extent possible. This procedure dictates that substitute decision-making should be applied only in the case when it is necessary, with the fact that the principles themselves, in addition to protection measures and procedural rules, also refer to the role of the guardian, who is appointed by the competent authority in accordance with the law. On the basis of the above, the indicators obtained from the comparative legal analysis of the principles contained in Recommendation R(99)4 and the corresponding provisions of the Bosnian legislation in the area of guardianship, especially all three family laws which, as the only measure of protection for all adults with disabilities, standardize guardianship, i.e. substitute decision-making are presented in this paper. Their content for the most part shows the inconsistency of the legislation of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the principles of Recommendation R(99)4, especially in the part that refers to the promotion of self-determination and autonomy, as key prerequisites for respecting human dignity, human rights and freedoms of all adults with disabilities who are after the fully or partially deprivation of their legal capacity placed under guardianship.
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Traffic accidents are a reality every day, in every country. Accidents can result in various consequences, including material damage, injuries to individual participants, and in the most severe situations, fatal consequences. In most of these situations, except when it comes to minor material damage, in which case the participants make a European traffic accident report, the authorities of the procedure - the police or public prosecutors - conduct the investigation. Official’s omissions during the investigation can create significant gaps in the subsequent criminal proceedings, whether they are criminal or misdemeanor proceedings. Essentially, these omissions can also play a significant role in civil proceedings related to damages, which take place after the criminal proceedings have reached a legally final conclusion.In the paper, the authors focused on highlighting only a few of the omissions they frequently encounter in their work judges involved, specifically those experts in the traffic technical profession, who provide expert opinions on traffic accidents in both criminal proceedings and compensation proceedings. The authors consider the discussed omissions significant for the actions of the police and judiciary, as they contribute to the efficiency of procedural authorities, particularly the courts, and reduce the costs of criminal proceedings.
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Considering the importance of the extraordinary legal remedy-the request for the protection of legality-we conclude that it is important to have it in the area of criminal procedural legislation. It appears necessary to incorporate the request for legality protection into the criminal procedural legislation of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and at the state level. The way criminal cases are handled in the courts of Bosnia and Herzegovina, the courts in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the courts in the Brčko District of Bosnia and Herzegovina directly and obviously violate the basic human rights and freedoms of people who have been convicted. These include equal treatment before the law, equal access to the courts, and the right not to be discriminated against in any way when exercising and protecting those rights, as protected by the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Fundamental legal issues that used to be solved by asking for the protection of legality are now focused on the work of the Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina. A person who has been convicted can appeal to this court because they believe they have been violated of certain human rights and freedoms protected by the Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the European Convention of Human Rights. As a result, it follows that this court does not have the jurisdiction to consider significant violations of the criminal law's provisions that are critical to the convicted person.
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In the field of economic science and its manifestations, there is almost no creation of scientific knowledge without the participation of fundamental knowledge in mathematics. A number of branches of mathematics such as linear algebra, analytical geometry, financial mathematics, differential and integral calculus, probability theory, statistics, game theory, mass service theory, stock theory, risk theory and many others are widely used. The aim of this paper is to investigate a two-factor model by applying knowledge of differential calculus of two variables and the method of least squares.
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The one-valued (unconditional) solutions of additive factor quantities with two factors in the economy are presented. The elementary factor dependence of the production of an individual commodity with the product of two factors was used, where is the price of the commodity (intensive factor), is its natural quantity (extensive factor). For the solution of the additive factor analysis, a simple geometric method is proposed with two rectangles, the areas of which represent the volumes and production of the commodity. The bases of the two rectangles represent the values of the extensive factor and , and the heights of the rectangles represent the values of the intensive factor from the base and reporting periods. True and accurate effects are obtained by multiplying each factor change (the difference between the factor's reporting and base value) by the lesser of the other factor's value from the base or reporting period. The smaller values are determined simply and easily with the suggested elementary but strict mathematical criteria, which are the inequalities between the reported and the base value of each factor. The single-valued solution and elementary mathematical criteria are summarized by the discrete odd function of the mathematical signum. With it, all additive factor analyzes from all areas of life are solved unequivocally.
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The concept of inverse function is one of the most difficult for students to understand. On the other hand, the introduction of inverse trigonometric functions further complicates the understanding of inverse functions. Therefore, here we have tried to show one way of introducing the concept of an inverse function. At the same time, special attention was paid to obtaining the inverse trigonometric functions.
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The unresolved problem of continuity of school and university mathematical education is one of the reasons for the expulsion of students from the first courses of those areas of training that provide for the continuation of mathematical education. The complexity of solving this problem is related to its complex nature: the difference in the requirements for the level of mathematics of graduates of secondary schools and university students, the rupture of meaningful links between school and university mathematics courses, the change in the form of the organization of the educational process. The article highlights and reveals another aspect of this problem – the methodological one. The authors present the theoretical foundations and an example of creating methodological conditions that facilitate the student's transition from one form of educational cognition to another.
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Basic tools of linear algebra are vectors and matrices and operations with them. They are abstract in nature and in many students are not motivated to learn them. To improve motivation in this matter, an application of matrices to affine transformations in the plane is proposed in this paper. An example implemented in the MS Excel environment is presented. It is recommended to use appropriate funny images as transformation objects.
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The report presents a possible application of the knowledge provided by the fundamental mathematical discipline “Linear Algebra and Analytic Geometry” in solving an informatics problem, more precisely, a Computer Graphics problem. In addition, the given task provides a good opportunity to exercise the theoretical statements related to vectors and an equation of a line in the plane.
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This scientific material examines the modern perspectives and possibilities provided by distance learning in higher education. In view of rapidly developing technologies and changing educational requirements, distance learning is becoming an increasingly important part of the educational process. In this context, the author attempts to systematize and indicate some of the most essential features of distance learning, as well as the opportunities it provides in higher education.
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Financial literacy is essential for preparing students to manage their personal finances responsibly and to develop skills that are useful throughout life. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how financial education can be integrated into the teaching of mathematics, which is a basic science. Early financial education prepares students for the realities of working life, including paying taxes and making investments. This integration of financial education into mathematics not only increases students' financial literacy, but also strengthens their analytical skills, which are essential for successful personal finance management.
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One of the popular definitions of economics as a science is that it studies human behaviour as a relationship between objectives and scarce resources which have alternative uses. This paper proposes that the suitable formal method for such a research is mathematical optimization. Examples from different sectors of the economy are considered. It may be concluded that mathematical optimization is fundamental to economic theory.
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Mathematics is a fundamental discipline in higher education. It is essential that students are motivated and that their interest in the material is stimulated so that they can acquire the basic knowledge they need as fully as possible. In this paper, it is argued that presenting the material through practical examples that have applicable solutions would lead to increased student interest.
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In the paper, we dealt with the life of the Bishop of Skadar, Viktor Mihailović, and the circumstances in which he lived in Skadar as the competent Serbian bishop. From 1914-1933, he managed the Serbian church and vicariate in Shkoder. He organized the life of the Church and the Serbian people, maintaining the ecclesiastical and legal stability in the area of the Skadar vicariate, and also coordinated the exile when himself and 300 Serbian families were forced from Vraka and Skadar. The paper also examines the impact of King Ahmet Zogu's decision on Bishop Victor’s persecution.
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Periodic functions, other than trigonometric ones, are relatively little known by pupils, students or teachers, despite the fact that they have numerous properties and applications. In this paper we will present some properties and applications of these periodic functions, not necessarily trigonometric. Thus, we will present here two main results concerning periodic functions, after which we will present some very interesting applications of these results. Also, with the idea of training and developing the creative capacity of attentive readers interested in these matters, I proposed two problems / questions to which they are invited to find answers, I presented a list of fundamental properties of periodic functions and, finally, two application exercises of the results of this paper. The work is exclusively from the Didactics of Mathematics and is addressed to pupils, students and teachers of Mathematics, eager to learn such a thing.
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This study refers to the fact that interactive methods have a significant contribution to improving the educational process and have a particularly great impact on ensuring the quality of chemistry education. As interactive methods gain increasing traction, they represent an alternative to traditional teaching that benefits both students and teachers equally. It is increasingly recognized today that schools need to undergo a radical change to provide students with the opportunity to acquire constructive social experience based on cooperation and collaboration in solving real-life problems. Purpose of the Research: To highlight the impact of interactive methods on enhancing the quality of students' learning in chemistry. Research objectives: (1) Determining the role of interactive methods in the educational process in chemistry; (2) Designing teaching tasks in chemistry with the implementation of interactive methods to contribute to improving the quality of the educational process; (3) Identifying the role of interactive methods in enhancing the quality of the educational process in chemistry. Research hypothesis: It consists of determining the impact of interactive methods and techniques on the effectiveness of learning and the improvement of the educational process in chemistry. The interactive methods that I have implemented and propose in this paper are just a part of those that contribute to enhancing the quality of the educational process in chemistry lessons and facilitate interactive learning. These methods allow students to learn more easily, solve various creative problem situations, and transform the teacher into a true facilitator of learning, which is crucial for effective learning.
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