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Cechy archaiczne i regionalne w odnalezionym fragmencie rękopisu filomackiego przekładu Koranu na język polski

Author(s): Joanna Kulwicka-Kamińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

So far, research into the literary achievements of Vilnius-based Philomaths and Filarets has been conducted on the basis of various philological sources (particularly correspondence and individual authors’ works); however, it has not taken into account the translation of the Quran into Polish rendered by Fr Dionizy Chlewiński and Ignacy Domeyko. This resulted from the lack of awareness of the existence of such translation and the lack of sources to conduct studies in this respect. The subject of analysis in this paper is a recently found copy of the lost manuscript of the said two Philomaths from Vilnius. The paper attempts at a reconstruction of the unknown history of the translation and contains a preliminary historical and linguistic description of the newly found source text which is invaluable for contemporary Humanities.

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Projekty wzorcowej komunikacji językowej w sądach miejskich XVI wieku

Author(s): Józef Kość / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Bartłomiej Groicki and Paweł Szczerbic presented, in Polish, the principles of adapted Magdeburg law, which regulated legal proceedings and communication in the 16th-century municipal judiciary. Their ideas referring to language interaction were broad as they included the participants, space and time as well as text structures. Therefore, the codifiers created an optimal model of institutional communication used in courts which included discursive components and which they firmly introduced into jurisprudence. Codification proposed by Bartłomiej Groicki and Paweł Szczerbic was used during trials in municipal courts between the 16th and 18th centuries. Determining the extent to which that codification was used in courtroom communication is made possible thanks to surviving archived municipal books, compiled in many cities of the First Rzeczpospolita (Republic of Poland). However, the studies recreating the Old Polish language on the basis of these books would have to be aimed at text linguistics and pragmatics, which would include institutional parameters. Such analyses would result in recreating obligatory models of institutional communication used by Polish townspeople, which was influenced by German legislation.

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Korespondencja prywatna jako przyczynek do badań języka osobniczego (na podstawie listów prywatnych Henryka Sienkiewicza)

Author(s): Leonarda Mariak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article contains the analysis of individual properties of Henryk Sienkiewicz’s language based on the private correspondence addressed to his immediate family. The most important features of Sienkiewicz’s epistolary idiostyle are: emotionally marked lexical forms of colloquial provenance, represented mainly by idioms, colloquial lexis, especially diminutives, neologisms and terms of endearment. A peculiar element of Sienkiewicz’s writing is humor, sometimes also irony (self-irony).

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O kształtowaniu się stylu popularnonaukowego na przykładzie XVII-wiecznego dzieła Erazma Sykstusa „O cieplicach we Śkle”

Author(s): Joanna Okoniowa / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Article is devoted to the analysis of the seventeenth-century work by Erasmus Sixtus „O cieplicach we Śkle” („About baths at Śkło”), based on the first edition from 1617 and pays special attention to syncretism of the scientific and colloquial style. The observations concern the beginnings of scientific language in medicine and specifically in hydrotherapy.

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O kierunkach genologicznych transformacji – w poszukiwaniu zmian w przestrzeni kształtowania się komunikacji społecznej

Author(s): Danuta Ostaszewska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This paper deals with research into the process of evolution of speech genres and attempts to reflect the stages of the transformation of forms of expression representing mass communication since the beginning of its functioning until the present day. Thus, the author focused on a press release as a genre that already appeared in the oldest Polish newspaper, in “Merkuriusz”. The observation covered two stages of the development of the newspaper – the beginning – the seventeenth century and the end: contemporary times. Such an approach towards the text material helped the author compile and compare the constitutive features of the seventeenth-century press messages with the properties which the contemporary definitions and studies ascribe to this genre, and which are important for its development. Conclusions reflecting the evolution of the studied genres are supported by the fact that these periods were milestones in the development of the Polish press – the analysis included to a large extent the specificity of the state of development of the formal and technical means: in the seventeenth century the invention of printing and modernization of post offices were the state-of-the-art technologies, while nowadays these are the technical revolution and the internet.

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Onomastyka literacka wobec tekstologii i teorii dyskursu – perspektywa historyczna

Author(s): Artur Rejter / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The subject of the paper are proper names appearing in Old-Polish idyll and noble poetry. Proper names in idyll and noble poetry prove certain similarities. In both domains appear topic names and – in different shape – realistic or authentic ones. In Old-Polish idyll the conventional proper names perform poetic function, constitute the context for described situations or created scenes, in which significant part concerns the body and sexual spheres of a human being life. On the other hand the noble discourse uses the topic names in the negative aspect and the background of the main idea of the discourse, which means the apology of life consistent with nature valorizing country life.

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W trosce o skuteczne nauczanie gramatyki historycznej języka polskiego

Author(s): Marcin Maciołek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Marcin Maciołek in the article entitled „The Care for Efficient Teaching Polish Language Historical Grammar” discusses ways thanks to which in teaching phonetics and historical morphology of Polish one can reach intended didactic result: raise student’s interest for the subject and encourage them to individual work on discovering the past of Polish language. In author’s opinion to get that effect teacher must: 1) check what is the level of student’s knowledge; 2) give clear (strictly explained) methodological basis; 3) pick proper examples for analysis; 4) determine analytic procedure, form useful suggestions; 5) indicate resilience of discussed processes in dialects and contemporary language (or its sustenance in old evolutionary stages); compare with other Slavic languages; 6) not divide strictly for phonetics and morphology; 7) create friendly atmosphere during classes.

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Język jako archiwum kulturowe – konteksty śląskiej dydaktyki polonistycznej (na przykładzie „Dworzanina polskiego” Łukasza Górnickiego)

Author(s): Kinga Wąsińska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

This article was written in connection with the Silesian University lecturing on the subject called the language as a cultural archive. The author shows how to use the text “Dworzanin polski” Ł. Górnickiego that students know already the first year of Polish studies to come to a synthesis of knowledge of the history of literature, history, language and cultural history. The author proposes to once again look at the patterns imported from Italy about perfect courtier and based on the analysis of the text to find the determinants of the ancient court culture. Furthermore, the text aims to give students information about courtly manners, inventory of court entertainments with their characteristics and old formulas honorific politeness and courtly language, which should be compared with the recommendations of today’s savoir-vivre civilities. In addition, the author points out certain variety of literature types, like a conversation, a dialogue, speech, dedication and anecdote. All these proposals are designed to help lecturer attractive objects of linguistics and realize the student functionality and complexity of Polish studies.

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Wyrażenia funkcyjne w średniowiecznej polszczyźnie z perspektywy składniowej

Author(s): Tomasz Mika,Agnieszka Słoboda / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article presents the author’s book „Wyrażenia funkcyjne w średniowiecznej polszczyźnie z perspektywy składniowej” (Mika, Słoboda, 2015). This monograph is a syntactic addendum to the lexical research carried out as a part of the project “Polish functional expressions in diachronic perspective”. The problems discussed in this book are not homogeneous. Their different types are described in the subsequent chapters: at first the authors remind basic methodological difficulties in description of functional expressions, especially those appearing when you want to consider functional expressions in terms of syntax, not lexis. Then, there are indicated the problems with medieval source material and related interpretation difficulties. In the next part of the book the authors suggest their own methodology: the tendencies identified in „Składnia średniowiecznej polszczyzny” (Krążyńska, Mika, Słoboda, 2015) determine the direction of the interpretation of the processes, which functional expressions are subordinated to and participate in. These tendencies are: 1. Analytic tendency (from holism to analytism); 2. The tendency to autonomize the language (the disconnection of language and reality); 3. The categorization (from lexical to categorial semantics expressed in a specific form); 4. The structurization (from apposition to syntactic structures); 5. The condensation of content (from a very pure content of syntactic units to the cumulation of content in syntactic units). The authors interpret selected linguistic processes in reference to these tendencies. The processes include inter alia: the coexistence of casual and prepositional forms, and the occurence of original particles as appositions of conjunctive function (which indicates analytical tendency); the introduction of elements expressing relation between events, and metatext elements (being, in the authors opinion, the symptom of autonomization); the process of transforming particles into connection indicators, leading to multifunctionality of conjunctions; the process of transforming object-related expressions into determinants of communicative intention (both processes are typical examples of formal categorization); the process of shaping of new categorial meanings of prepositional phrases, leading i.a. to the occurence of case government of verbs (being the effect of renewal of the categorial semantics): the process of shaping of correlated connection indicators and reported speech (seen these processes as the symptoms of structurization); the development of hypotaxis, being the symptom of the tendency to condensation of the content.

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Kobieta bez głosu. O powieści Christiny Dalcher „Vox”

Author(s): Małgorzata Kita / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The subject of the study is Vox (2018; Polish translation – 2019), the debut novel of Christina Dalcher, an American writer and linguist. The author presents the issues of interpersonal communication in a world in which some members of society (women) of a certain country have been allotted a daily word limit of 100 words. The novel concerns the problem of marginalization of a particular social group – determined by the criterion of biological sex – which confines them to the sphere of home, ultimately forcing women to withdraw from the public life. At the same time it touches upon a fundamental human characteristic: language and communication, which facilitate the creation of bonds in human societies. However, the curtailment of speech for one group has consequences for the communication process of the non-silenced group which has retained complete freedom of speech as well; after all, communication requires interaction and cooperation of at least two parties. The advantage of one party leads to the disappearance/destruction of dialogue, to authoritarian monologue. The novel is referred to as a feminist dystopia, a political novel, a novel of the Donald Trump era, a novel of the #MeToo era, a socially engaged, activist novel, a novel of manners, a linguistic thriller, a medical thriller. Each of these genological expressions directs the reading of Vox differently. Regardless of the readings, however, the novel remains a story about the premeditated atrophy of interpersonal communication.

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O pogranicznym charakterze Sienkiewiczowskiej publicystyki

Author(s): Magdalena Pietrzak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is devoted to Henryk Sienkiewicz’s journalistic writing, shown from the perspective of stylistic and genre boundaries. Analyses of selected press statements have aimed to indicate the presence of stylistic elements characteristic of literature in journalistic texts and to show how, on the other hand, the journalistic experience (e.g. in the form of reports from painting exhibitions, correspondence from travels) has found its artistic rendering in Sienkiewicz’s literary works. The research material consists of texts representing Sienkiewicz’s most frequently employed journalistic genres: note, review and travel correspondence. The analyses have been formulated in their appropriate contexts, taking into account the state of 19th-century journalism, the genre consciousness of the time and Sienkiewicz’s literary output.

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„A ta piosenka jest zrobiona z tego miasta odpadków” – śmieci i resztki, mainstream i nisza w twórczości muzycznej Pablopavo

Author(s): Beata Kiszka-Pytel / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article touches upon the topic of cultural transformations, on the basis of the analysis of song lyrics written by Paweł Soltys, performing under the stage pseudonym Pablopavo. Moreover, it elaborates in more detail on the separate, interconnected and overlapping circles of issues, such as: the relationship between the mainstream and niche phenomena in culture, garbage, waste and remnants in culture, or money and the lack thereof in the world of wealth or nothingness. The observations lead to the conclusion that in his musical activity, the artist combines various, sometimes extreme social orders and worlds, including all kinds of phenomena taken from the mainstream and low art.

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Biogram i bibliografia prac Andrzeja Żurowskiego

Author(s): Jolanta Betkowska / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

A collection of essays dedicated to the memory of a renowned Shakespeare scholar Andrzej Żurowski (1944–2013). The book is devoted to the interpretation and reception of Shakespeare’s works in Polish theatre and abroad, to theatrical practices and various dramatic devices, to translations and comparative studies, as well as to polemics and Shakespearean inspirations in broadly defined culture: in music, iconography, and translation. A diverse study of the phenomenon of the contemporary and global Shakespeare.

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Szekspir w teatrze Stanisława Koźmiana, Kraków: 1865-1885

Author(s): Marta Gibińska / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

Koźmian, director of Cracow’s City Theatre in the years 1865–1885 and a theatre reviewer, created a well-organized theatrical enterprise with a distinct artistic profile and well-balanced repertoire in which the best Polish plays were shown together with the canonical French, German and Russian classics. Shakespeare loomed large in the Theatre’s repertoire because for Koźmian his plays were the top achievement of European drama. The paper examines Koźmian’s ideas about drama, theatre and acting; his emphasis on both Polish and European plays in the repertoire results from the ambition to change the provincial stage into a national one, influencing and stimulating intellectual and artistic life in the then partitioned country. In this context the gradual introduction of Shakespeare’s plays (or rather their adaptations) in new translations is shown as a process of appropriating them as part and parcel of Polish culture.

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Bolesław Prus podziwia Helenę Modrzejewską

Author(s): Józef Bachórz / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

Bolesław Prus took a lively interest in Polish theatre, which he followed out of a sense of journalistic duty (throughout his life Prus earned most of his income through journalism). He took careful note of major events in Poland’s cultural life, notably those taking place in the Russian-occupied Kingdom of Poland, where the theatres were licensed to produce plays in Polish. Prus did not put a lot of a weight on theatre, which he never saw as fundamental to the nation’s life (he was similarly unimpressed by the other arts, including, perhaps a touch surprisingly, literature), and tended to focus instead on those areas which he saw as more fundamental to the well-being of society, such as education, science, economic development or relationships between social classes. Having said that, Prus enjoyed his theatre, and he paid attention to productions taking place in Warsaw. Notable among his numerous columns on the problems, events and personalities of Warsaw’s theatre are those which focus on the actress Helena Modrzejewska. Many of his columns written in 1882 and 1885 pay considerable attention to the actress. Prus believed that Modrzejewska was one of the most eminent artists of the theatre in Poland and abroad, and he ranked her alongside the famous Sarah Bernhardt. He admired here xtraordinary talent and range of expression, noting how her professionalism was based on reliability and diligence. Prus never joined her critics who decried Modrzejewska’s decision to pursue a career in the United States and did not see her as being unpatriotic. He criticised instead the Polish version of the tall poppy syndrome whose poisonous brew of envy and backbiting encouraged the more enterprising individuals to leave the country for an international career.

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Hamlet i Hamlet 1914. Rekonesans

Author(s): Jan Michalik / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

This article was inspired by a handwritten outline of the “screenplay” for a largely forgotten 1914 production of Hamlet in Kraków; drafted by Tadeusz Pawlikowski, widely regarded as the greatest director and theatre principal of late 19th- and early 20th-century Poland. The article opens with a description of the manuscript, a hitherto unknown document which preserves traces of the creative effort leading to the production’s premiere. The first section pieces together evidence from the manuscript with details gleaned from contemporary reviews to reconstruct the structure of the production (which involved over a dozen separate scenes), and the structure of the stage-space which used elements of a 1909 (1912) Max Rheinhard production at the Deutsches Theater in Berlin. The second section of the article argues that the production was a turning point in the critical appreciation of Karol Adwentowicz’s performance as Hamlet, more than five years after the great modernist actor added the character to his repertoire. The article is intended as a sort of reconnaissance mission to encourage further scholarly attention to what was arguably one of the most interesting theatrical productions of Hamlet in Poland.

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Z szekspirowskiego archiwum reżysera

Author(s): Kazimierz Braun / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

The essay presents Kazimierz Braun’s Shakespeare productions directed in the United States. It opens with recollections of productions of plays by Shakespeare in which Braun either acted (Twelfth Night, Poznań University, 1957) or which he directed. These included Romeo and Juliet (Teatr Polski, Warsaw 1963), Hamlet (Teatr im. J. Osterwy, Lublin 1968), Twelfth Night (Teatr Współczesny, Wrocław 1981), Hamlet (PWST Theatre Academy in Wrocław, 1984), and also Twelfth Night in Esslingen, West Germany (1984). In America, Braun first directed his own medley of love scenes from Romeo and Juliet and Twelfth Night (Swarthmore College, 1985). Next, he directed a series of the Bard’s plays at the Shakespeare in Delaware Park Festival in Buffalo, New York: Henry V (1987), Julius Caesar (1988), King Lear (1989), and As You Like It (1991). He also staged Richard III at the Kavinoky Theatre in Buffalo (1999), where he was responsible for directing and stage design. Directing Shakespeare in its original English and in an open air setting helped Braun discover what he calls new Shakespearean horizons: the blank verse which is “actional” and totally integrates the actor’s words and deeds, controlling the actor not unlike a horse bridle, and at the same time guiding the actor’s actions, energizing him/her and imposing a rhythm on speech and movement; and secondly, replicating in the open-air theatre the potentially three-dimensional space of Elizabethan theatre, allowing a smooth and expressive structuring of the action.

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Shakespeare, the Polish Director’s Contemporary

Author(s): Kathleen Cioffi / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

“Shakespeare, the Polish Director’s Contemporary” considers two Polish productions of Shakespeare plays in the National Audiovisual Institute’s “Polish Contemporary Shakespeare” series. The author discusses the Polish tradition of “Shakespeare mania” and then analyzes Jan Klata’s production H. (an adaptation of Hamlet) and Krzysztof Warlikowski’s production Burza. Both directors apply Jan Kott’s idea that Shakespeare can be our contemporary to their productions, but they do so in different ways. The directors’ ability to achieve contemporaneity in their productions depends not only on stylistic directorial choices, but also on the changing nature of contemporary reality itself in the post-1989 era. Klata’s production seems to be almost an illustration of Kott’s discussion of Hamlet in Szkice o Szekspirze, yet at the same time, it has a curiously old-fashioned, Cold War–era feeling. H. enlists Shakespeare in the argument over European Union accession, an argument that was au courant in 2004 when the production was first staged but now seems dated. Warlikowski’s production appears less immediately contemporary in Kott’s sense than H., yet it illustrates Kott’s notion that Burza is “a passionate reckoning with the real world” as it was influenced by the controversy over Jedwabne, an issue that remains resonant to this day.

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Poznańska dyrekcja Janusza Wiśniewskiego albo Czas na klasyków

Author(s): Tomasz Milkowski / Language(s): English,Polish Publication Year: 0

Janusz Wiśniewski’s auteur theatre project was born in Poznań in the early 1980s, catalysed by the production of Balladyna by Juliusz Słowacki in Teatr Nowy and followed by several more productions of original plays (including Koniec Europy [The End of Europe]). From the outset, Wiśniewski’s project provoked extreme reactions, enthusiastic or otherwise, with Andrzej Żurowski acting as a major advocate. Following the collapse of communism in the early 1990s, Wiśniewski tried to start a theatre company in Warsaw. When the project foundered after two premieres, he spent several years in Germany before coming back to Poznań, first as a director in Teatr Nowy, and later as theatre principal in 2003–2011. Wiśniewski successfully combined the roles of director and auteur. His Teatr Nowy tackled a number of dramatic forms ranging from traditional dramatic theatre (Romeo and Juliet) to metaphysical comedy (Richard III) and visual narrative theatre (The Tempest). Notably, Wiśniewski explored Polish and world classics at the time. This basic outline attempts to recreate Janusz Wiśniewski’s years at the helm in Poznań, and looks at his auteur productions which enjoyed good critical reception in Europe.

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Jezično jedinstvo i stilska razvedenost hrvatskih protestantskih tekstova 16. stoljeća

Author(s): Tanja Kuštović / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

In the 16th century, the Croatian Protestant authors at Urach printed the texts in Glagolitic, Cyrillic and Latin script, in an effort to reach a wider audience. One of those texts is Spovid i spoznanie prave krsztianske vere, translated in 1564 by Antun Dalmatin and Stipan Konzul, and published in Glagolitic and Latin script. That literary work is the translation of the critical edition of The Augsburg Confession written by Philipp Melanchthon. It is a non-liturgical text divided into two parts: the first part contains 21 printed articles or „artikul“ and the second one consists of longer articles on religion, good deeds, bad habits, etc. The previous research of Croatian Protestant texts was principally centred on the study of the New Testament, while only recently have non-liturgical Protestant texts come under scientific scrutiny. It has already been known that the languages of liturgical and non-liturgical texts differ, the former having considerably more Old Church Slavonic features. In this paper I am going to study linguistic, primarily morphological features in the text not previously linguistically processed (Spovid i spoznanie prave krsztianske vere), and compare them to the New Testament linguistic features. The findings will help me establish the extent of variety between the language of non-liturgical and liturgical Protestant texts published by Croatian Protestants in the same period.

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