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Rolul lingvisticii în terminologie

Author(s): Angela Bidu-Vrănceanu / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

Terminology as a scientific interdisciplinary discipline has experienced remarkable development in the last decades. One can distinguish cognitive terminology studies (“internal”) from those representing descriptive linguistic terminology (“external”). The latter are divided depending on the methods used to describe a given terminology. Romanian studies support both lexical and textual perspectives through the relationship between dictionaries and texts, with different results depending on the terminology studied.

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Terminologie discursive et termes migrateurs

Author(s): Cristina-Alice Toma / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Traditional terminology studies the term as a concept, while modern linguistic terminology considers the term, from a semasiologic point of view, as a lexeme. Consequently, a contradiction arises between, on the one hand, the univocal semantic term, his mono reference, and terminological polysemia on the other hand. In this article, by taking the example of mathematics, we propose a solution to the above-mentioned “conflict” via discursive terminology, which gives a new interpretation to the results of lexical terminology. The meaning is associated with the conceptual property and each concept has a specific representation and a conceptual structure.

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Peculiarities of Textual Analysis in the Economic Terminology

Author(s): Elena Museanu / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The analysis starts from the premise of the differential partial behavior of terms in various types of economic discourse – scientific and environment related (in the economic press of wide circulation). Examples considered concern the preservation of the hard core of the specialized meaning and the conceptual-semantic effects triggered by contextual combinations in different types of texts.

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Dificultăţi de echivalare a unor termeni în discursul didactic actual

Author(s): Inga Druţă,Viorica Popa / Language(s): Romanian Publication Year: 0

There are changes in all human fields of activity, and once these happen, lexical and semantic innovations appear. Specialized languages, over time, decant; specialists make a rigorous selection of terms necessary for their work, loanwords are adapted or assimilated, while rebarbative terms fall into desuetude. The current didactic parlance has borrowed from certain international and other specialized languages a series of loanwords that give it a modern aspect, yet which, in the initial phase of borrowing, frequently shows semantic and phonetic difficulties. English and French loanwords are especially problematic, as these are generally written differently than they are pronounced (“fortunate” cases such as grant, master or item are somewhat rarer). The paper shall discuss a series of current concepts from the field in question and their terminological equivalents.

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Levels of Analysis of Metaphor Terminology

Author(s): Doina Butiurcă / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the context of the relationship between language and terminology, the research proposes a concise analysis of the functions of the terminological metaphor by correlating it to the functions of the language (referential, denominative, denotative, etc.) and the field of cognitivism (the informational function). Other aspects of the research: the motivation of the terminological metaphor, the transparency of conceptualization, the coherence that the conceptual model confers to a given terminology/or a given field, etc. The application is accomplished by the study of the source field (the Greek and the Roman house/elements/principles/equivalence of attributes) and the target field (NA, Virology, and Rheumatology) from the medical terminology.

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Conceptual Metaphor – Model and Mental Construct

Author(s): Cristina Rusu-Marian,Claudia Rusu-Marian,Doina Butiurcă / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The study proposes to define the status of the conceptual metaphor from a contrastive perspective. Shaping the scientific concepts in the base of a metaphorical model cannot be separated from the domain of logic. The conceptual metaphor has a cognitive function. Selecting the database for the transfer complies with the objective factors allowing a more efficient exploitation of the ontological, through generalisation/abstraction: the equivalences, the stability of rapports among the domains, the dependence of the “locutor” on the mental stereotypes, the tendency to reflect the traits of the phenomenon in conditions of conceptual transparency etc. The process of metaphorisation is not carried out at random, but respecting certain logical patterns.

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Définition terminographique vs définition lexicographique

Author(s): Liliana Alic / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

This article aims to study an important aspect of a terminographer’s work, namely the way a definition is conceived. Definitions vary, according to the specialist who deals with their conception: the terminographer or the lexicographer. Lexicography uses semasiology while terminography uses onomasiology to define terms. We wish to insist upon the unit each of the two domains chooses to deal with, because this very aspect makes the difference between lexicography and terminography. A lexicographer deals with one-word terms, while a terminologist may have to deal with concepts expressed in compound words. A language for special purposes often deals with collocations, which are identified by the terminographer. If terminology and terminography are interdisciplinary sciences, a terminagrapher’s work involves cooperation between specialists from various fields of activity who are needed to validate the terms. The two approaches, despite their differences, complete each other in their common goal to create inventories of terms for special or general use.

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Annotations on Lexical Innovations

Author(s): Maria Laura Rus / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Vocabulary is the most susceptible compartment of language to be subjected to different changes. The lexical units that were subject to these changes of form and/or meaning, representing lexical innovations, can be underlined in so far as they are seen diachronically, because once generalized, they become historical categories. The changes in vocabulary determine its quantitative growth, based on words and variants that already exist in language or adaptation and endorsement of words, forms, meanings from other languages. The paper presents different linguistic phenomena that lexical innovations are based on: lexical analogy, hypercorrectness, popular etymology, contamination. Illustrative examples for each of these phenomena are brought into our discussion.

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Les ambiguïtés terminologiques dans la traduction spécialisée: le cas de quelques termes économiques

Author(s): Corina Dâmbean Bozedean / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Les ambiguïtés terminologiques que le traducteur rencontre dans la traduction spécialisée sont loin d’être éclairées par les dictionnaires ou les glossaires bilingues ou monolingues du domaine. C’est pourquoi dans le passage d’un terme d’une langue à l’autre, le traducteur doit maîtriser à la fois des connaissances linguistiques et extra-linguistiques. Or, l’hétérogénéité des textes à traduire sur le marché du travail, empêche souvent le traducteur de se spécialiser dans un seul domaine. Dans ce contexte, les ressources terminologiques devraient montrer une plus grande adéquation aux exigences de la traduction spécialisée, en éclaircissant plus précisément certains aspects terminologiques fondamentaux, dont celui de la synonymie, qui peut occasionner des confusions. Tel est le cas des termes « frais », « dépenses », « charges » ou bien « taxes » et « droits », dont l’étroite parenté rend difficile leur choix correct dans la traduction.

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ESP for Horticulture – Needs Analysis and Genre Analysis

Author(s): Gabriella Kovács / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The necessity of ESP courses in higher education has become obvious and imperative since Romania became member of the European Union. A thorough needs analysis was conducted involving horticulture students and colleagues from Sapientia University (Tîrgu-Mureş, Romania), and other professionals with work experience, in order to determine what genres are the students more likely to encounter in the future, what sort of tasks they have to be able to perform in their profession. Specialized texts used by horticulturists belonging to different genres were gathered. A part of them has been analyzed from the following viewpoints: their specific structure; the communicative functions expressing specialized meanings; means of creating cohesion; expressing rhetorical functions; cognitive processes. The needs analysis and genre analysis are of great help in deciding what kind of tasks and activities can best prepare the students for their future profession.

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A moldvai csángómagyar oktatási program kutatása és támogatása vizuális módszerekkel

Author(s): Petteri Laihonen / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The study and support of the Moldavian Csángó Educational Program is a multi-year project including fieldwork carried out in 30 Moldavian sites between 2017 and 2019. During the fieldwork, several visual and digital methods are introduced, and the materials generated form a large multimodal database. In this article, I present some visual methods that have proved successful so far, with particular reference to answering the following research questions: In what situations and how do the participants in the Educational Program identify themselves? What is the language repertoire of the participants in the Educational Program and how does it evolve? How do the participants in the Educational Program relate to literacy? How do the participants in the Educational Program vision their linguistic future? What kind of language or language varieties are used in the Program? I mention the following preliminary results: The pupils in the Educational Program were dominantly Romanians, but most often Hungarian language was viewed as the language of identity. With regards to spoken language, the Program is characterized by language tolerance. However, due to the large distance between Hungarian varieties in Moldavia and the Hungarian standard, standard Hungarian orthography is hard to learn for the participants. The activation of oral language knowledge serves the maintenance of Hungarian varieties in Moldavia, while teaching Hungarian literacy serves further studies in Hungarian medium education available beyond Moldavia.

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Az orosz nyelv (újra)megjelenése Kárpátalja magyarok lakta településeinek nyelvi tájképében

Author(s): István Csernicskó / Language(s): Hungarian Publication Year: 0

The study examines the linguistic landscape of the territories of Transcarpathia (Ukraine) which are mostly inhabited by Hungarians in the context of language and economy. It will be presented how an economically prestigious world language, Russian, is displayed in this region. We show that economic realities suppress the nationalism of a minority. We note that a language policy espousing the language support of a national minority cannot be successful if it is not related to the development of the economy.

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CHARACTERISTICS IN PERSONAL ADVERTISEMENTS: WITH REGARD TO APPEARANCE

Author(s): Věra Zouharová / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

In the modern world personal advertisements play an important role in finding a potential partner. When compiling an advertisement people want to draw attention to themselves and their personality and they usually put a great emphasis on self-presentation. Nevertheless, they also focus on preferred partner characteristics. Previous studies revealed and confirmed what is generally believed: that men prefer an attractive partner and emphasise this item in their advertisements. Women are probably acquainted with this fact because they do not hesitate to mention their attractiveness. On the other hand, women usually do not put emphasis on partner’s attractiveness, they prefer, for example, success or education. The present paper explores the choice of vocabulary for indicating personal and preferred partner characteristics as far as appearance is concerned; it considers to what extent the age influences the way people present themselves and how they describe their potential partner. The corpus used for this analysis comprises 100 personal advertisements from British newspapers, 50 written by women and 50 by men.

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSES OF SKINCARE PRODUCT ADVERTISEMENTS IN GEORGIAN AND ENGLISH

Author(s): Zeinab Gvarishvili / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Across the gamut of media formats – from television to the Internet – beauty product advertising influences consumers on a daily basis. Each advertisement seeks to persuade potential buyers of the product’s value, or even its necessity for the buyer’s well-being and self-image. These techniques, sometimes manipulative in nature, affect consumers’ self-concepts. One of the signature strengths of the beauty advertisement lies in its ability to transform seemingly mundane objects into highly desirable products. In some cases, the beauty industry uses buzzwords and scientific words to convince consumers of a product’s value; these linguistic devices describe the product’s apparent capabilities and appeal to the consumer’s ego by suggesting that the product will enhance the assets the consumer already possesses. All things considered, the present paper deals with a comparative study of skincare product advertisements in English and Georgian and focuses on the use of persuasive strategies, buzzwords and scientific terminology in the advertisements that manipulate and influence potential consumers.

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LANGUAGE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS: LINGUISTIC SUPPORT FOR OTHER ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES

Author(s): Piotr Twardzisz / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

This article outlines the content of an elective university course designed for domestic and international students, combining language and international relations. The course is intended to make students more sensitive to the linguistic intricacies of a specialist variety of English. The focus is on its written modes, particularly writing and reading academic (professional) texts dealing with complex foreign policy issues. As a result, students are expected to enhance their academic writing skills. The linguistic component of the course is backed up with a review of world affairs. Conversely, the field of international relations theory is enriched by a systematic study of language effects observed in the respective discourse. The interdisciplinarity of this enterprise benefits students with different academic and cultural backgrounds.

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TIPOVI TEKSTUALNIH ZADATAKA U UDŽBENICIMA MATEMATIKE ZA 2. I 3. RAZRED OSNOVNE ŠKOLE

Author(s): Karmelita Pjanić-Lipovača,Medina Hasić / Language(s): Bosnian Publication Year: 0

Word problems play an important role in forming the concepts of basic arithmetic operations.Such tasks are an integral part of mathematics textbooks, which are essential sources in the most classroom-based teaching and learning. The aim of this paper is to analyze textbook sets 78for the second and the third grade of primary school in Bosnia and Herzegovina in order to determine the extent to which word problems are represented, especially word problems in a non-mathematical context. The representation of 16 types of elementary word problems on addition and subtraction and 18 types of elementary word problems on multiplication and division in 4 sets of textbooks in Bosnia and Herzegovina is examined. The findings indicate that all types of elementary word problems related to basic arithmetic operations are not adequately represented or distributed in textbooks for the second and the third grade of primary school in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The ratio of word problems in the mathematical and non-mathematical context varies in the considered textbooks. Since the analysis of the content of textbooks is necessary, but not enough to understand the process of teaching and learning mathematics, this research can be seen as a starting point for further research that would focus on the work of teachers in the classroom, as well as the student population and their skills in solving word problems.

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HRVATSKE PROBLEMSKE SLIKOVNICE U FUNKCIJI PREPOZNAVANJA I SUOČAVANJA DJECE S EMOCIJAMA

Author(s): Kristina Riman,Tamara Di Giorgi / Language(s): Croatian Publication Year: 0

Picture books as the first children's books can be used in various aspects of children's growing up and development. Reading picture books creates a positive family atmosphere, strengthens the connection between parents and children, and develops a child's love for books, develops imagination and strengthens the concentration. Picture books often correspond to the needs of children and teachers in preschool education, and in this sense, problem picture books stand out. They include topics about interpersonal relationships in the family and society, and their focus is on the child. Every picture book often requires an adult reader, and in many cases, problem picture books can help adults to communicate with children on topics that seem difficult for any reason. The contemporary problem picture book opens a multitude of life themes for children and adults, which include experiences in the family, kindergarten, school and other aspects of everyday life. Examples of such picture books are the Croatian problem picture books by Tatjana Gjurković and Tee Knežević. They were published in five different series and speak of happiness, sadness, fear, anger, guilt, shame, humiliation and disappointment. They are analyzed with regard to the subject, motives and dominant emotion that is considered in each picture book. The characteristics of individual emotions and instructions on how to approach a child who is facing such emotions are listed in addition to the demonstration of different series of picture books.

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Интеркултурна компетентност в обучението по японски език в Япония

Author(s): Magdalena Vasileva / Language(s): English,Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The paper sheds light on some contemporary methodologies of teaching Japanese as a second language at Japanese universities from the point of view of intercultural competence. In linguistics the terms intercultural and cross-cultural are often used synonymously, but we make a certain distinction between them. While crosscultural supposes a kind of meeting between different cultures without any special interferences, intercultural evokes an association of a „crash“ between different systems of values while trying to accept the „otherness“ and it also implies a process of retrospection of one’s own system of values. On the other hand, the development and cultivation of intercultural competence is a long and many sided process concerned both: 1) with the foreign language and culture, that are to be mastered and 2) with one’s own language and culture, too. Many of the practices described in the paper stress on two points that are important for the development of intercultural competence: 1) teaching language and culture as a whole and inseparable unit and 2) providing the proper medium for a communication at an individual level.

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Naukowiec, spec w swojej dziedzinie, człowiek orkiestra, czyli o doktorze honoris causa w świadomości językowej studentów

Author(s): Małgorzata Święcicka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The aim of this article is to analyze and interpret the ways of understanding the phrase doctor honoris causa in the student community. The basis of the linguistic description are their statements in the survey, including the way the phrase is pronounced, explaining its meaning, the attributes of honorary doctors and their names. It turns out that in the student consciousness the phrase functions both erroneously and correctly. Incorrect spelling of the way the phrase is pronounced, dominating over the correct ones, allow us to believe that young people have or may have problems with Latin phonetics. Student's ways of explaining meaning constitute a creative interpretation of lexicographic definitions, but they are essentially devoid of redundant elements typical of common-sense thinking. The repertoire of components the are irrelevant by definition, however, causes associations, including the attributes of honorary doctors and their names. The term itself has only a positive axiology. Students give the names of over 40 honorary doctors, awarded by the Kazimierz Wielki University in Bydgoszcz and other universities in Poland or abroad. The implementation of the survey tasks confirms that the young generation, if they cannot cope with the execution of the command on their own, can effectively search for knowledge in electronic sources.

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O gatunkowym maskowaniu – na przykładzie tekstów urzędowych funkcjonujących w komunikacji kościelnej w czasie pandemii koronawirusa

Author(s): Maria Wojtak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The starting point of the article is observation of a phenomenon that the author calls the masking of genres, which consists in formal unification of official texts used in church communication during the pandemic. In the first part of the article the conditioning of the said processes is presented, including the status of the Church, the need to react to official secular documents, communication roles of senders of letters edited in dioecese chanceries in the crisis situation, and the arbitral assignment of a set of intentions to particular texts. The next part includes a draft characteristics of generic exponents of utterances that used to function in the church communication as decrees, instructions and communications, and were to regulate the conduct of clergy and lay believers in the pandemic times. The essence of the article is a hypothesis about a creation of new genres of speech, used in the said communication as fully shaped generic entities, yet deprived of genre names consistently assigned to them. They are texts unified in formal and stylistic terms. The differentiating features of such genres include only selected elements of the pragmatic aspect of the genre pattern. Therefore, the author calls them official letters in the function of decrees, instructions or communications.

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