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Język polski na ukraińskich bezdrożach

Author(s): Agnieszka Jastrzębska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses the problems of teaching Polish in Ukraine in the last decade. It consists of four parts. The first part shows how Ukraine complies with the objectives of the "European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages". The second part discusses the level of Polish presented by its teachers. The third part analyses Polish language handbooks for the Ukrainians. The last part attempts to analyse syllabuses. The author points out to the differences between teaching Polish as a foreign language and as a language of an ethnic minority. The aim of the article is to encourage teachers to look for new solutions as well as to sum up the last decade, which was of the utmost importance for Polish language in Ukraine.

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Zastosowanie metody przedmiotowo-językowej CLIL w edukacji muzealnej obcokrajowców w Polsce

Author(s): Katarzyna Žák-Caplot / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article maps and discusses basic notions, sources as well as Polish and foreign projects aimed at teaching foreign languages using museum collections and historical resources. It presents the value of the content and language integrated method to language museum projects and museums themselves, as teaching language using CLIL can be seen as every Polish museum’s mission and Nina Simon’s theory of participatory museum. How this method is used in teaching Polish as a foreign language and Polish culture was presented on the example of “Warsaw for intermediate students” project, which was run by the Museum of Warsaw and Polonicum – the Centre of Polish Language and Culture of Warsaw University. Showing the practical use of the content and language integrated method in the museum environment made it possible to see how important such activities were for the participants of language classes as well as for the teachers of Polish as a foreign language. For those learning foreign languages it is an opportunity to learn a language in an interesting and unconventional way, which is placed in the historical and cultural context; for the teachers it is an opportunity to immerse students in a complete, but controlled foreign language environment and give them a possibility to search for information on their own and act creatively in Polish.

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Ocenianie sumujące (podejście tradycyjne), formatywne (kształtujące) i strategie grywalizacyjne w nauczaniu szkolnym i uniwersyteckim

Author(s): Dorota Zackiewicz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article discusses summative assessment (traditional) in school and university education. The author analyses the legislation on assessment and didactic practice in this field. The next section of the article describes the rules of formative assessment and the elements of game-based assessment, which can be an important and useful completion of the classic assessment.

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Muzyka w nauczaniu języka polskiego jako obcego

Author(s): Tomasz Wegner / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author reflects on contemporary ways of listening to music in the context of teaching and learning Polish as a foreign language. Unrestricted access to music can bring many benefits to the learners of Polish as a foreign language, but a plethora of sounds in public space or at home may cause indifference towards sound stimuli. The author refers to the results of his own research on learners of Polish as a foreign language and their contacts with Polish music and its didactic potential. He also describes selected activities undertaken by the Polonicum Centre to popularize Polish music among the participants of Polish language courses as well as establishing emotional ties with Polish culture through music.

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Un arbre pour aimer, un arbre pour mourir

Author(s): Michel Delon / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

For a long time, trees belonged to romantic decorations without being identified or characterized. Jean-Jacques Rousseau on the contrary names and describes precisely the trees that appear in "The New Heloise or in the Confessions". The treatises on landscapes differentiate the species according to the land and the place. In the novels, plants become characters and metaphors for humans. They seem to be in relation with the earth as well as with the sky and the infinite. They embody a memory and bear witness to those who are no more. A privileged relationship is established between the human being and the tree, based on identification and symbolization.

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Lecture géopoétique de "La Quarantaine" de J.-M.G. Le Clézio

Author(s): Natalia Nielipowicz / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Various civilisations and cultures are a breeding ground in the search of a harmonious life in agreement with the natural world, which is a feature of the characters in J.-M.G. Le Clézio’s novels. This is the case with the narrators of La Quarantaine, which will be read here through the prism of the philosophy of Kenneth White, a theoretician of geopoetics. According to geopoetic ideas the return journey, presented in the novel’s central story, for the narrator, is a vivid and sensual experience of new places. However the opening of the surrounding space becomes possible not only thanks to this physical experience but also thanks to the knowledge, both scientific and mythological, which the narrator acquires about the «opening» place. The article is an attempt to answer the question whether this new presence in the world, described by Le Clézio, will allow La Quarantaine to be assigned to the trend of ecologically engaged literature.

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Fictions françaises de l’anthropocène: Éric Chevillard, "Sans l’Orang-outan", Sophie Divry, "Trois Fois la fin du monde", Céline Minard, "Le Dernier Monde"

Author(s): Jean-Paul Engélibert / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

In these three novels, the Anthropocene leads to the destruction of the world, after which the human survivors live among the ruins of our civilization, in a spectral world. These are the end times, when eschatology reveals itself. But in a postmodern culture without a god, the revelation of a superior meaning lies in the rediscovery of nature or in the disclosure of the erotic and poetic power of imagination.

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De l’«ensauvagement» de la littérature québécoise

Author(s): Eva Voldřichová Beránková / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Among the emerging French-speaking literatures, the Indian and Inuit ones attract more and more attention of researchers, but also of contemporary writers. Indeed, the birth of literatures produced by the First Nations changes to a large extent the historical and literary contexts of Quebec. The article is devoted precisely to this re-reading of their own identity undertaken by Quebecers, fascinated and intrigued by the presence of an Other in both Canadian physical and literary space. The text first analyzes the paradoxical “concept of long duration” proposed by the Quebec historian Gérard Bouchard. Then it tries to outline the evolution of a more literary process called “ensauvagement of Quebec literature”, which consists of the current willingness to think America, nature, landscape, climate and interculturalism in a new way, enriched by the experience of Indigenous peoples.

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«Ils sont des histoires». Renaissance de la littérature amérindienne du Québec

Author(s): Peter Klaus / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The starting point of our topic will be the collective work "Nous sommes des histoires. Réflexions sur la littérature autochtone" ["We are stories/histories. Reflections on indigenous literature"]. We will be questioning what exactly the authors of the Indigenous renaissance, especially the younger generation of authors are contributing and how we analyse their new self-assurance in this concert of indigenous voices. In regard to the great number of anglophone and francophone authors gathered in this book, we will limit ourselves to the analysis of some indigenous authors of Québec without ignoring the impact of important authors like Thomas King or Drew Hayden Taylor in order to discuss works of Virginia Pésémapéo Bordeleau and the new rising star of indigenous literature in Québec: Naomi Fontaine.

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Les Amérindiens de Jacques Ferron et la mythopoïésis identitaire

Author(s): Petr Kyloušek / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Jacques Ferron is the author of an «interdiscursive» work that takes advantage of the inclusive capacity of the aesthetic function to involve in his texts a program corresponding to the integrative phase of identity modeling (according to Bouchard). It is in this context that we should consider the mythopoietic attempt to realize a cultural mixing presented not only as a synthesis of French Canadianity with different aspects of Anglophone Americanity, but also as an integration of the Amerindian and Métis heritage in different works. The novel Le Ciel de Québec (1969) may be interpreted as a mythopoietic construction integrating Ancient Greek, Christian and Native American elements. The major example is the myth of Orpheus and the analogous Wendat myth recorded by Jesuit missionaries in their Relations, both associated with the Christian imaginary of the Resurrection.

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Découvrir son propre soi entre l’Occident et l’Orient – "Au temps du fleuve Amour" d’Andreï Makine en tant que roman d’apprentissage

Author(s): Aleksandra Komandera / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The article examines the role of the Orient and the Occident, especially their crossing, in the construction of the self in Once Upon the River Love by Andreï Makine. Both types of the place, with their living conditions, customs, social relations, political discourses, or sceneries, have a great impact on young adolescents who try to define their selves, on the threshold of their adulthood, as it is common in coming-of-age novels. Assisted by educators and initiators, such as a prostitute, a film character, and an admirer of French literature, the young protagonists complete their formation, by discovering the selves of lover, warrior, and poet. However, the finding of the self, realised when the Orient meets the Occident, carries the risk of becoming “a pendulum”.

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«Dans ma bouche, les langues s’entrechoquent». Formes et fonctions littéraires du croisement interlinguistique dans la prose postmigratoire en Belgique francophone

Author(s): Przemysław Szczur / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses the forms that interlinguistic crossover or code-mixing takes in postmigratory Belgian prose in French. This code-mixing can be lexical, phraseological, phonetic or grammatical. In the analyzed texts, it fulfils the following functions: characterizing, distancing, diegetic, referential, ideological, ludic and critical.

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Penser la société d’aujourd’hui: le roman policier de Suisse romande

Author(s): Sylvie Jeanneret / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Contemporary crime fictions (in French: “romans policiers” or, short, “polars”) have proven to be a particularly effective framework for experimenting with the reader’s involvement in literary writings critical of their times. The “polar” makes us think about the injustices of today’s world, its violence and the new forms of human relationships they produce. My argument is based on the work of two Swiss francophone writers – Nicolas Verdan (1971-) and Sébastien Meier (1988-) – with a particular focus on their use of the figure of the anti-hero, their interest in regional specificities of the French-speaking parts of Switzerland and their critical stance on contemporary society. If the close attention the writers pay to mechanisms of social and economic domination is historically a leitmotiv of the genre, the “polar” we are interested in testifies to an almost obsessive desire for justice which takes the form of an ethical posture calling on us to engage with the troubling universe its fictions recreate.

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La «religion universelle» au XIXe siècle et aujourd’hui: au croisement des cultures et des traditions

Author(s): Tomasz Szymański / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Any variant of the idea of universal religion, conceived as a metareligion transcending historical religions and reinterpreting the religious heritage of humanity, presupposes the choice of certain criteria of interpretation and a relation to the plurality of traditions and cultures. The present study focuses on conceptions of universal religion developed in the 19th century France within the liberal, lay and republican current, mainly those of Pierre Leroux and Edgar Quinet. Their belonging to the “spiritual posterity of Joachim of Fiore” makes it possible to build a bridge between them and the work of the contemporary philosopher Gianni Vattimo. His post-secular approach invites us to rethink the religious heritage of the West in the light of modern and postmodern religious and cultural pluralism, which should not be synonymous with boundless relativism.

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Émile Verhaeren et André Gide, les mondes des écrits de Maria Van Rysselberghe

Author(s): Marc Quaghebeur / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Maria Van Rysselberghe found herself at the heart of literary and artistic circles in the end of the century Belgium, one of the hinges of European modernism, but also of the “Nouvelle Revue Française” circle of the inter-war period. Of these experiences, the one of the first Belgian French-speaking women writers drew several books which are much more than testimonies. "Il y a quarante ans" [Forty years ago], as well as "Strophes pour un rossignol" [Stanzas for a nightingale], recount, in form of a story and then a poem, her passion for Emile Verhaeren. As for "Galerie privée" [Private gallery], it draws up, with an acuity worthy of the Grand Siècle, portraits of writers and major artists of her time. The four posthumous volumes of "Cahiers de la Petite Dame" [Notebooks of the Little Lady] focus on André Gide’s everyday life as much as on the way of living, thinking and writing of the gidian circle.

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L’enfant orphelin à la recherche de l’identité (Romain Gary, Jean-Paul Sartre)

Author(s): Krystyna Modrzejewska / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

Childhood memories of R. Gary (Promise of the Morning) and J.-P. Sartre (Words) reflect a traumatic search for the identity of orphan boys. The modest image of the father contrasts in them with the mother’s vision of their future, containing everything that was missing in the lives of mothers. Writing as modus vivendi turned out to be an escape into the world of imagination, which, by protecting them from the real world, allowed them to understand this world.

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Les «paroles suffoquées». L’esthétique de l’indicible et de la réticence dans les récits testimoniaux de l’après-guerre européen

Author(s): Joanna Teklik / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The survivors of the concentration camps are often heavily working on their words to transcribe the trauma they have lived. As a matter of fact, the complete reconstruction of the events and dramas appears to be impossible; it is a reason why the texts are full of digressions, breakings, a lot of disruptions revealing in background the truth upon the human nature. Taking up again their own experience, witnesses such as Robert Antelme, Jean Cayrol, Charlotte Delbo, Imre Kertész, Primo Levi, Jorge Semprun or Elie Wiesel give a new interpretation of it and split it up. In the same time, they are twice affected by this breaking, through the testimony of their text. The short and scattered form, disrupted in its expression is destined for expressing the quest of the sense appearing in Europe at the end of the Second World War, in a time, as never before, where the human being is in search of strong moral references. The rhetorical ‘reticence’ is a manner to reflect the present world as it appears : split up, wounded in the inner deepness of itself.

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Le langage – patrie immatérielle de Jorge Semprún et reflet d’une identité changeante

Author(s): Beatriz Coca Méndez / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

In Jorge Semprún’s work, the experience of what he has lived through comes from both a personal choice and the vicissitudes of the 20th century history: exile, resistance and deportation. These enforced events have shaped Semprún’s portrait: exile in 1936, deportation to Buchenwald in 1943, secrecy in Spain from 1950 onwards, and the birth for writing in 1964. This journey is indebted to his identity roots: a double French-Spanish cultural affiliation and, especially, his condition as a Holocaust survivor. This characterizes and determines the Semprunian discourse and poetics, since the themes that appear in his narrative are characterized by the setting up of new spaces and, therefore, of new roots that shape the personal mythology of the writer’s memory through linguistic, even multilingual, appropriation.

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Proust invisible? Quelques remarques autour de "Proust, Prix Goncourt. Une émeute littéraire" de Thierry Laget

Author(s): Katarzyna Thiel-Jańczuk / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

The paper discusses the question of the mediatic visibility of Marcel Proust, which is inspired by the Thierry Laget’s biographical essay devoted to controversies around The Prix Goncourt for "In the Shadow of Young Girls in Flower" in December 1919. In opposition to the myth of Proust’s mediatic invisibility, created by the French Nouvelle Critique and its interpretation of Proust’s Contre Sainte-Beuve, the author shows the nature and importance of the mediatic image of this writer for his understanding of the autofictional narrative and the biographical discourse concerning Proust.

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De la "Comparaison d’Homère et de Virgile aux Réflexions sur la poétique" de René Rapin: quelle place attribuer à Homère?

Author(s): Maja Pawłowska / Language(s): French Publication Year: 0

In his treaties, "Comparaison d’Homère et de Virgile" (1668), and "Réflexions sur la poétique et surles poètes anciens et modernes" (1684), René Rapin invites French writers to imitate the greatness of Latin and Greek literature and, specifically, the art of Homer and Virgil. In "Comparaison", a work written on demand and his first critical essay, Rapin shows the superiority of Virgil, favouring his regularity. But in Réflexions, an independent work of intellectual mature reflexion, Rapin prefers Homer and his irregular but sublime and charming art of writing.

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