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The Christianization of Norway and possible influences from the Eastern Churches

Author(s): Jan Ragnar Hagland / Language(s): English Issue: 3/1996

The year 1995 was celebrated by the Church of Norway as the official millennium for the christianization of the land. The historical rationale for the festivity in 1995 was sought in medieval historiographie literature about king Olаfr Tryggvasonr who, according to this literary tradition, travelled from the British Isles to Norway in 994 or 995 as claimant to the throne. He first encountered Norwegian territory at the island of Moster in Hordaland, on which occasion he let mass be sung in a tent – according to one of these sources. Later he erected the first church in Norway on these premises: postea ecclesiam aedificavit, quœ prima in Norwagis constructa est according to one other source. This is, then, the core of the literary myth which in present day Norway has been made to symbolize the ultimate step taken there towards a Christian outlook on life and the human condition.

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Старобългарска литературна традиция в сагата за Олав Тригвасон от Од Мунк Сноресон

Author(s): Valentin Vulchanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/1996

The present article is an attempt to support the idea about an influence on the medieval Scandinavian literature rooted in the Byzantine-Slavic cultural and religious community. A parallel is drawn between two Old Bulgarian tales, “The Miracle with Georgi, the Bulgarian”, and “The Miracle with Kliment, the Bulgarian” and the literary tradition about the Baptism of King Boris I, on the one hand, and two chapters from Odd Munk Snorreson’s Saga about Olav Tryggvasson, on the other. Attention is paid to some historical circumstances from the 11th century which could have been a prerequisite for the transfer of the Old Bulgarian literary tradition to Scandinavia.

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Ранният славянски превод на Житието на св. Мария Египетска в един ръкопис от XV век

Author(s): Boryana Velcheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/1996

The study includes the results of a language analysis of the Vita of Mary of Egypt in ms. 154 in the Library of the Romanian Academy of Sciences in Bucharest. The author comes to the conclusion that the studied copy from the 15th с. preserves important traces of Glagoliza and also grammatical and lexical features of an early Slavic translation from Greek (9th–10th c.). The comparison with other manuscripts of the 14th–18th с. shows a variety of changes, which is to be explained with the long history of the text. The copy in ms. 154 is close to the first Modern Bulgarian version of the Vita in “damaskin” books of the 17th and 18th с.

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Към въпроса за първоначалния текст и авторството на Похвално слово за Кирил и Методий

Author(s): Maria Spasova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/1996

An attempt is made in the paper to apply a new method in studying an anonymous Old Bulgarian work. The Eulogy for Cyril and Methodius is subjected to a lexical and textological study. The whole vocabulary is covered and is compared both with the Old Bulgarian monuments of the 10th and 11th с. and with the language of the Old Bulgarian writers and Old Bulgarian translations, preserved in later copies. In the textological study are isolated textual passages and word combinations which have analogues or similarities in other Old Bulgarian texts. The Biblical quotations are also examined. The conclusions about the time of writing and the authorship are based on the results obtained from the study.

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Цикл молитв Кирилла Туровского в южнославянских рукописях, хранящихся в Болгарии

Author(s): Ekaterina Rogachevskaya / Language(s): Russian Issue: 3/1996

The peculiarities of the text and contents of the four copies of Cyril Turovsky’s cycle of prayers kept at the “Sts. Cyril and Methodius” National Library in Sofia: Nos 7, 272, 430 and 996 are briefly analysed in the article. The authoress indicates some peculiarities of the two redactions of the cycle established by her and points out that the examined copies contain features of both the first and second redactions. In the form of a supplement is published the text of the Sunday prayer of the morning service according to the Russian manuscript No. 802 in the Solovetsk collection of the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg.

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Непубликувани византийски стихири за св. Петка Търновска от XV в.

Author(s): Evelina Mineva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/1996

Six stichera, composed by Mark Eugenicus, bishop of Ephesus, in honour of St. Parasceva Epivatska in the early 15th c., are published for the first time in this paper. The short liturgical texts are preserved in Cod. Dujčev Gr. 16 = olim Cosinitzensis 192, the largest part of which was written by Mark Eugenicus himself and a smaller part – by his brother Joannis Eugenicus and two anonymous scribes. Some historical problems concerning the cult of St. Parasceva in Byzantium and Medieval Bulgaria are discussed in the introduction. A short description and history of the manuscript are provided as well.

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Проблеми на установяването на книжовноезиковата норма в новобългарските дамаскини от XVII век

Author(s): Elka Mircheva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/1996

The article examines the only works of the original Old Bulgarian literature which reached the New Bulgarian homilies of the 17th century. These are the three lessons of Clement of Ohrid: the Lesson about the Birth of Virgin Mary, the Eulogy for Cosmas and Damian, the Eulogy for the Prophet Elijah and the Life of St. Petka of Turnovo by Patriarch Euthymius. Two of them – the Lesson about the Birth of Virgin Mary and the Eulogy for Cosmas and Damian are part of works of the nature of compilations written in the 17th century, whereas the others are included separately. All these texts were subjected to comprehensive literary, stylistic and linguistic revision. The analysis outlines the degree of the linguistic changes that were made. Two basic types of changes are clearly distinguished: obligatory and nonobligatory which was typical of a period with an unestablished literary-linguistic norm.

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Историята на един новонамерен ръкопис (Хилендарският препис на житието на Йоаким Осоговски-Сарандапорски от 1789 г.)

Author(s): Elena Uzunova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/1996

An attempt is made in the article to reconstruct the history of the Hilendar copy, known from bibliographical data, of the service and vita of St. Joachim Ossogovski-Sarandaporski, made in 1789 at the Hilendar laura by the man of letters Theodossii Lekov. Probably in the middle of the 19th century, in connection with the renovation and consecration of the monastery “St. Joachim Ossogovski” – Sarandapor, the manuscript was presented to the fraternity of monks. In the 60ies of the last century the eminent Bulgarian scholar Naiden Gerov, who had become interested in the text of the vita, prepared his edited copy and made it ready for the press with a woodcut of the monastery, drawn by the artist Stanislav Dospevski, appended to it. The materials of this publication, that was not put into effect, are kept at the “Saints Cyril and Methodius” National Library, Bulgarian Historical Archieves, stock № 22. The full text of the manuscript is published here.

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Цикълът молебни стихири за пророците, мъчениците и светителите в Октоиха

Author(s): Marija Jovčeva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/1996

The article examines the cycle of stichera devoted to the prophets, martyrs and saints in the Octoechos according to eight manuscripts from the 12th to the 14th century. On the basis of linguistic and stylistic analysis it is assumed that the literary work was composed by Clement of Ohrid or by his disciples. The text of the stichera of eight modes is published in accordance with two manuscripts of the 13th century: Zagrebski and Bitolski Octoechos.

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Кодикологически бележки върху Врачанското евангелие (НБКМ 19)

Author(s): Elisaveta Mussakova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/1996

The Gospel Lectionary from Vratsa has been known since the end of the last century. B. Tsonev gave a precise description in a monograph published in 1914 to which some details concerning the method of preparation of quaternions could be added. The presented paper concentrates on the system and types of ruling of the manuscript. It will serve as an introduction to another study of the Vratsa Gospel, and its lectionary structure as reflected in its illumination, envisaged by the author. The author is aware of the fact that this kind of codicological investigations is still not widely practised in Bulgarian archeography and therefore comparative material is insufficient for a substantiated conclusion. Nevertheless, the system and types of ruling established for the Vratsa Gospel are compared with several Old Bulgarian MSS such as the Vatican palimpsest or the Glagolita Clozianus and two manuscripts from the 13th and 14th centuries, as well as with some more general examples of Byzantine MSS. Some considerations on the scribe’s method of work are also shared. The conclusion, however provisory for the moment, states that in the Vratsa Gospel close to archaic types of ruling of the pages were used though their probable reflecting of a contemporary practice is not excluded. The archaization of the “technology” runs, in a way, parallel to the archaic lectionary redaction of the manuscript claimed already by the sholars.

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Към въпроса за южнославянските преводи на житието на мъченица Параскева-Петка Римлянка

Author(s): Maya Petrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/1996

Despite the confusion of the three saints called Paraskeve/Petka widespread in the Middle Ages, St. Petka the Roman Martyr is one of the most popular women saints in the South-Slavic tradition. Besides the relatively great number of preserved copies of her vita, this fact is testified to by the existence of many different versions of her story. This study aims mainly to establish the chronology and classification of the Slavic vitae of Petka of Rome, examining their variety and diffusion in the medieval South-Slavic literatures. As far as the manuscript material allows, a brief survey of the known versions and their mutual connection is provided. Although the preservation has been haphazard, when we consider the surviving versions, it seems most plausible to deduce that quite early – before the thirteenth century – two independent Slavic versions were translated from the Greek: a long and a short one. Later on, probably in Bulgarian environment, two other abbreviated literary redactions appeared on the basis of the long version. These new variants of the legend were formed simultaneously with the gradual “sinking down” of the legend to the level of popular literature and apocryphal tales. Indicative in this respect are the anthologies where St. Petka’s vita is to be found.

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За някои особености в правописа и езика на Октоих № 554 от НБКМ

Author(s): Krassimira Kostova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/1996

Octoechos No. 554 of the Cyril and Methodius National Library is a fragment (32 leaves) of a parchment manuscript of the 13th century. Its most characteristic paleographie feature is the asymmetric writing of the nasal sounds, and the abridged indication of the small letter с over the line with a mark of abbreviation – с which reads CT and is influenced by Greek writing. In this document have penetrated some dialectal phenomena which can be localized in Western Macedonia and generally in the southwestern Bulgarian areas: the ending -хѧ for the 3rd person plural of the imperfect tense, the ending -ѧть for the 3rd person plural of the present tense, the transitions ѫ>ъ, ъ>о, pronouncing the sound J before A at the beginning of words, etc., the participial forms роши, пороши ( <рождьши, порождьши) are examined, etc. The literary monument has retained peculiarities of the early translating activity of the Cyrillo-Methodian disciples in Pliska, has preserved rare lexical and phonetic forms of the dialect of Preslav, as well as numerous dialectal phenomena of the southwestern Bulgarian dialects and peculiarities associated with the dialects in Western Macedonia.

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The Psalter, its tradition and the computer: a new method of textual analysis

Author(s): Monia Camuglia / Language(s): English Issue: 1/1996

In the paper some textual peculiarities of the transmission as well as the various typologies and editions of the Psalter are investigated. The auther focusses your attention on the lexicon used in the sample of 7 different copies of the Pslter and in particular on the ways in which it varied from one manuscript to the other, choosing the spatial and temporal settings of each manuscript as reference points.

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Aorist Taxonomies in Old Church Slavonic

Author(s): David J. Birnbaum / Language(s): English Issue: 1/1996

In the current study the historical and structural aorist taxonomies in Old Church Slavonic is compared.

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Среднобългарските фрагменти в Барберинския палимпсест

Author(s): Anna-Maria Totomanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1996

The article contains the version of the Bulgarian fragments in the barb. gr. 388 manuscript at the Vatican Library, as well as a description of their orthography. The manuscript is a Slavic-Greek palimpsest and has not been studied, although experts in Slavic Studies have been aware of it for a long time. The Bulgarian text constitutes a part of a 13-th century octoechos, originating from an Old Bulgarian translation.

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Атинско четвероевангелие

Author(s): Tanya Laleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1996

The article discusses the orthographic and linguistic features of the Tetraevangelion of Athens. The National Greek Library, Athens, COD.ATH 1796. The results are based on the processing of fifty of the total of 209 parchment pages. The conclusion is that manuscript is of Eastern Bulgarian origin and that it most probably dates from the first half of the I4th century.

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Средновековното тълкуване на лицето: примерът на старобългарската литература

Author(s): Lidia Denkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/1996

This article deals with a basic philosophical symbol – the face – that was held in considerable esteem through the Middle Ages, expressing as it does both human individuality and the purely spiritual essence of the individual. The topos of “seeing” and “eyes” – a favourite symbol of Neo-Platonism – are considered in connection with the face. The role of the face in the evolution of the model of sanctity has been studied on the basis of a number of vitas in Old Bulgarian literature, both originals and translations. Interpretation is targeted towards things like the mystical “face to face” view, seeing God only in the back (after Gregory of Nyssa’s De Vita Moysis) and the illumination of the face as a transition to the beyond (the transcedental), among others.

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A. Chr. Vostokov, die deutsche Slavenkunde und das Altbulgarische

Author(s): Helmut Keipert / Language(s): German Issue: 1/1996

The article is dedicated on the first scientific proof of Bulgarian origin of Church Slavonic adduced from A. Ch. Vostokov.

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Наименованието оирканиа в Светославовия изборник от 1073 година

Author(s): Krassimira Kostova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/1995

The denominations оирканиа and о оиркане in Svyatoslav Izbornik of 1073 on the basis of the denominations Dat. PI. парѳомъ, мидомъ, перьсомъ, вахътомъ, маргомъ can be connected with the ancient East-Iranian country Ύρκανία, Hyrcana Organa. Information on the country Ύρκανία is provided in the works of Xenophon, Herodotus, Strabo, Plinius Secundus, Claudius Ptolemaeus, in the Old Iranian book Avesta, in the works of the Arab geographers, in the historical chronicles of the medieval missionaries and others. The name Όργανα in the Greek sources can be explained as eponym (a name Όργανα is not found in the List of the Proto-Bulgarian khans). An assumption is made that the name' Οργανα also denotes the country which was ruled by the ruler Οργανα as Bulgarius in some chronicles is the name of Asparuh, the ruler о Bulgaria.а

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Един ранен пример за прехода 'у>и в български

Author(s): Lidiya Stefova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/1995

An examination is made of the word лиска, dual number лисцѣ 'mussel shells' attested in the oldest copy (of 1263) of the Hexaemeron of John the Exarch. Лиска is a delabialized form of лоуска, люска. Since this copy of the Hexaemeron is Serbian, the accent in the article falls on the attribution of the word. The arguments in favour of the Bulgarian belonging of the lexeme prevail. So far the known examples of such delabiahzation in Bulgarian date from the end of the 13th and to the 14th с. at the earliest. The form shown from the Hexaemeron shifts the chronology of the phenomenon earlier.

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