О СООТНОШЕНИИ КАТЕГОРИЙ TO LEKTON В ФИЛОСОФИИ СТОИКОВ И SINN В СЕМАНТИЧЕСКОЙ ТЕОРИИ Г. ФРЕГЕ: ВОПРОС ОБ ИХ ОТНОЛОГИЧЕСКОМ СТАТУСЕ

Author(s): Valery Surovtsev / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

As previously (ΣΧΟΛΗ 9.2 [2015] 241–252) the article deals with the Stoic category to lekton and G. Frege’s category of Sinn. I explicate some formal features of these categories, which demonstrate the similarity of the Stoic and the Fregean logical theories. In particular, I demonstrate that the concept of “complete lekton” (axiōma) in the Stoic doctrine has the same structure as the concept of thought (Gedanke) in Frege’s semantic theory. However, the formal structural similarity between to lekton and Sinn does not presupposes the ontological similarities in these theories.

РЕКОНСТРУКЦИЯ ИДЕЙ АРИСТОТЕЛЯ В ИСТОРИКО-ФИЛОСОФСКОМ НАСЛЕДИИ ГАНСА КЕЛЬЗЕНА

Author(s): Anton Didikin / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2016

In a short note, the author outlines a series of Hans Kelsen’s studies dedicated to Ancient political thought, esp. his The Philosophy of Aristotle and Hellenic-Macedonian Policy. He believes that these relatively neglected minor studies of the famous philosopher of law could still be of interest to contemporary classicists and historians of philosophy.

Les noms de sons et d’odeurs en russe. Valeurs et emplois

Author(s): Irina Thomières / Language(s): French Issue: 28/2016

The present paper examines in detail the predicative nouns of smell and of sound in contemporary Russian. It more specifically focuses on the structures ‘Noun of smell or odor + specifiers (“noun” in the genitive)’. The predicates mentioned are divided into groups according to the semantic nature of the specifiers: concrete noun, abstract noun, place name. They express the cause of the smell or sound. The features of each subset are described emphasizing the similarities and differences existing between the sounds on the one hand and the smells on the other.

Wprowadzenie do problematyki wiedzy w rosyjskim transcendentalizmie — od neokantyzmu do postneokantyzmu

Author(s): Barbara Czardybon / Language(s): Polish Issue: 35/2016

The paper outlines the problem of knowledge in Russian Neo-Kantianism in the broad sense of the term. It presents briefly views held in this respect by Russian thinkers who are considered representative of the so-called academic and non-academic Neo-Kantianism. The author also refers to the ideas of the “Russian Marburger” Nicolai Hartmann in the context of Vasily Seseman’s views. It turns out that the views of the Russian philosophers frequently show interesting similarities to the ideas of German Neo-Kantians. Such is the case with the thesis of the indissolubility of science and knowledge, proclaimed by Boris Jakowienko and Bruno Bauch, Semyon Frank’s and Heinrich Rickert’s theory of judgments, as well as the views of Alexander Vvedensky and Johannes Volkelt concerning the possibility of metaphysics. The article proves that the themes present in the concepts of “late” German Neo-Kantians earlier prevailed in Russian philosophy, where ontologism took a leading position. The author also discusses the impact of phenomenology on the revival of ontology in Neo-Kantianism.

Philosophical and Mathematical Correspondence between Gottlob Frege and Bertrand Russell in the years 1902—1904. Some Uninvestigated Topics

Author(s): Gabriela Besler / Language(s): English Issue: 35/2016

Although the connections between Frege’s and Russell’s investigations are commonly known (Hylton 2010), there are some topics in their letters which do not seem to have been analysed until now: 1. Paradoxes formulated by Russell on the basis of Frege’s rules: a) „»ξ can never take the place of a proper name« is a false proposition when ξ is a proposition”; b) “A function never takes the place of a subject.” A solution of this problem was based on the reference/sense theory and on the distinction between the first- and second-level names (Frege). 2. The inconsistency in Frege’s system may be avoided by the introduction of: a) a new kind of objects called quasi-objects (Frege); b) logical types (Frege and Russell); c) mathematics without classes (Russell); d) some restrictions on the domain of function (Frege). 3. Since the inconsistency is connected with a class, what is class? In one of the letters, Frege compared a class to a chair composed of atoms. This approach seems to be similar to the collective understanding of a set (Stanisław Leśniewski). 4. Russell doubted that the difference between sense and reference of expressions was essential. Hence, Frege found some additional reasons to distinguish between them: semiotic, epistemological, from identity, and from mathematical practice. This discussion can be seen as a next step in developing the theory of descriptions by Bertrand Russell.

Sve je samo konstrukcija

Author(s): Žarko Paić / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 09+12/2016

Gdje vlada razasutost metafizičkoga tereta istine bitka, tamo cvate estetsko iskustvo Stvari. Nigdje kao u suvremenoj umjetnosti gotovo da ne postoji kompromis između ozakonjene institucije njezina djelovanja–u–svijetu i zbiljskoga svijeta o tome da promjena učvršćuje stabilnost, kaos podaruje legitimnost poretku, a entropija ga čuva od propasti. Imamo jezik kojim više ne objašnjavamo što jest smisao bitka. Umjesto toga, služi nam kao alat za razotkrivanje mnoštva značenja. Ona nisu ukorijenjena u onome što se pokazuje kao stvar sama. Jednostavno, proizlaze iz »forme života«. U nju upisujemo znakove i tragove, šifre i kodove.

Sprawozdanie: The Second Conference of the International Association for Cognitive Semiotics (IACS2016) Lublin, 20-22 czerwca 2016

Author(s): Krzysztof Rojek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 18/2016

Отново за философския учебен текст – между „даденото“ и „хоризонтите“ и тяхната интерпретация

Author(s): Yana Rasheva-Merdzhanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

Human speech begins and ends within text. Human act begins and ends within speech. Thus text is not just a multifaceted model of the world, but it is also a model and a project of our own behaviour. The philosophical educational text bears the unique responsibility to introduce and internalise through itself the Logos of the youth. In addition, it must lead and introduce them to their own individual horizons. This is why this strenuous construction of the bridge between the predetermined indication and the horizon-based interpretations of the text is yet another methodical experiment – to achieve a state of synergy between the framed technological process and open improvization.

Български психоаналитични подстъпи към литературното творчество: забравени имена

Author(s): Nina Ivanova Dimitrova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

The paper gives a bold outline of the interwar Bulgarian psychoanalytical interpretation of literature. The author of this study strives to fill in the shortages and gaps made by the researchers until now and concentrates on the contribution of some forgotten or little-known names. The research results maintain that these Bulgarian psychoanalysts share the common striving to use the doctrine equally as science and as hermeneutics.

Как да овладеем своя гняв, преди той да ни овладее

Author(s): Dimitar Bogdanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 2/2017

This article is dedicated to the anger and how it can every single person trapped by an this negative emotion to deal with it. The author reveals the the sinister side of the anger as an emotion which destroys the personal relationships, leads to aggressive behaviors and even violence can lead to cardiovascular diseases and serious and dramatic consequences such as emotional and personal stress and distress, depression, guilt, embarrassment, feelings of loss of control and lack of confidence in communicating with others. Here are some myths, а wide variety of methods and techniques for dealing with anger, based on the principles of the rational emotive Behavior Therapy in psychology.

Хегел и Байрон. Диалог между „Феноменология на духа“ и мистерията „Каин“

Author(s): Deyan Penchev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 4/2017

This article discuss the relationship between stoicism, scepticism and unhappy consciousness in Hegel’s “Phenomenology of Spirit” and George Byron’s play “Cain”. The Byron’s biblical hero Cain, a son of Adam and Eve, raises a number of philosophical questions and like Hegel’s concept of scepticism, revolt against the established heavenly norms and laws. Through the knowledge that comes from Lucifer and like Hegel’s unhappy consciousness, Cain reaches the self-consciousness for himself.

El-Mantıku fî’l-Karneyni’s-Sâbi’i ve’s-Sâmini el-Hicriyeyni Metnü’l-Cümeli fî’l-Mantık

Author(s): Ramy MAHMOUD / Language(s): Arabic Issue: 1/2018

The science of logic has occupied an important role in Islamic history. Especially when al-Gazali 505-1111 has come and claimed that who learned Islamic sciences, without learning the Logic we cannot trust in his knowledge. From this time The science of logic has been flourished and quietly began to include in many sciences even Tefsir and Fiqh. After that, Al-razzi 606/1210 has established a big school in Islamic philosophy in general and in logic in particular. al-Khonaji 646/1248 one of his important students. Who moved from Iran to Egypt and became Qadi al-Qudat (Chief Islamic justice). He has improved The science of logic by his books; like Keshf al-Asrar. In the sixth/twelfth one of his books has been spread in Muslim world and became the first step for who wanted to learn Logic. Beside that we have a lot of scholars has made commentaries on this book. In this article we focused on (Metn al-Jumal) by al-Konaji with his spreading in the Sixth. Seventh h.centuries.

The Church Engaged in Economy—Is It Necessary?

Author(s): Arkadiusz Wuwer / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2017

In the light of the statements of the Magisterium, the presence of the Catholic Church in the world of economy seems obvious and necessary. However, this article focuses on the need to define (1) the type of economy referred to in the Church documents, (2) the type of the presence of the Church in economy as defined in these documents and (3) the kind of necessity mentioned in the abovementioned records. It is in these three dimensions that the author depicts the outline of the attitude presented by the Church with regard to the basic economic issues (interventionism, social market economics, subsidiarity and solidarity in economics, the logic of unselfishness and gift). The conclusion of the text is that the ultimate reason for the presence of Catholic Church in economy is its social mission aimed at creating a society of relations, where the fundamental principle is social friendship (amicitia socialis).

Ks. prof. dr hab. Józef Herbut (1933–2018)

Author(s): Kazimierz M. Wolsza / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2018

Ks. prof. dr hab. Józef Herbut (1933–2018)

Odmienne języki teologiczne w dialogu katolicko-ewangelickim

Author(s): Józef Herbut / Language(s): English,Polish Issue: 1/2018

The main thesis of the paper states that Catholic theology and Evangelical theology use different languages. The differences stem from the philosophical dispute about universals. The following positions emerged in the debate: radical realism (universalia ante rem), moderate realism (universsalia in re) and nominalism (notitia intuitiva et notitia abstractiva). The language of Catholic theology is a language of moderate realism, while the language of Evangelical theology is a language of nominalism. The linguistic differences result in a different understanding of important theological statements. The paper uses an analysis of selected fragments from a Catholic and an Evangelical catechism as a basis for the demonstration of the way the following issues are understood: (1) knowledge of God, (2) the concept of original sin, (3) the nature of the Church, (4) the origin of sacraments, (5) life in the world to come.

Despre tetra-lemă. Însemnări fragmentare şi fugare

Author(s): Gorun MANOLESCU / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2018

Tetra-lemma with four truth values "true", "false", "true and false", "neither true nor false" appeared in Buddhist logic. Why is Tetra-lemma interesting forus? It is for its avatars, in some cases, in the context of Western epistemology. In these fugitive notes, without claiming completeness, we will focus on how Tetra-lemma slipped in some systems of Western philosophy.

AL-FÂRÂBÎ

Author(s): Deborah L. Black / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 1-2/2017

Ono malo podataka o životu Abû Nasra al-Fârâbîja dolazi uglavnom od srednjovjekovnih arapskih biografa čiji rukopisi datiraju između četvrtog/desetog i sedmog/trinaestog stoljeća. Najraniji iskaz iz Ibn al-Nadîmovog (u. 380/990) Kitâb al-fihrista daje samo oskudne podatke o al-Fârâbîjevom životu; kasnija izvješća dodat će na ovu osnovu opsežne popise njegovih spisa, podatke o njegovim učiteljima i učenicima i nekoliko anegdota čija je vjerodostojnost upitna. Al- Fârâbî je vjerovatno bio turskog podrijetla, rođen oko 257/870 u Fârâbu u Turkestanu. Iako su nam pojedinosti o al-Fârâbîjevom ranom obrazovanju prilično nepoznate, izvješća potvrđuju da je proučavao logiku kod kršćanskih učenjaka Yuhanne ibn Haylâna (u. 910) i Abû Bishr Matte (u. 940), jednog od prevoditelja Aristotelovih djela u arapski jezik. Budući da je Bagdadska škola bila glavni nasljednik u arapskom svijetu filozofskoj i medicinskoj tradiciji Aleksandrije, al-Fârâbîjeva povezanost s tim učiteljima oblikovala je jednu od najranijih veza između grčke filozofije i islamskog svijeta.

Области на приложение на знанията: основи и начала за различни логики

Author(s): Krasnomir Krachunov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 5/2018

Knowledge is used and built in four main areas defined by the following opposites: material-ideal, perceptions-concepts. For the proper use of knowledge, different rules or logic are built.An analysis of the starting point of logics has been made and links have been sought with some general headings in each particular area.A common position is selected from each area and links to the logic beginnings are listed

Някои аспекти на влиянието на изкуствения интелект върху медиите

Author(s): Stoyko Petkov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2018

The article discusses some aspects of the changes brought about by the entry of bot journalism and artificial intelligence into media practice. In the coming years, these innovations will change news organizations, starting with automated journalism, which provides the opportunity to personalize news content precisely, going through news created on demand and arriving at interactive voice-enabled news.

Psihologia între știință și tehnică / tehnici

Author(s): Maria-Elena Osiceanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2019

This article aims to analyze the relationships of psychology with science and technology, in order to identify what does the science establish and what does the technique establish in psychology. It highlights the role of the scientific method in psychology, with emphasis on the peculiarity of inductive and hypothetic-deductive methods in the psychological research. There are also examined the "subjective-objective" and "quantitative-qualitative" problems which acquire very special forms in the field of psychology. The connections of psychology with the technique, and especially with the “techniques” are extremely strong and extended. Basically, there is no investigation or practically applicative domain of psychology that does not refer to a specific technique of evaluation, psycho-diagnosis and / or intervention.