(DE)LEGITIMIZATION AS THE DISCURSIVE STRATEGY OF IDEOLOGY

Author(s): Dušan Ristić / Language(s): English Issue: 03/2015

In this paper the processes of (de)legitimization are analyzed as discursive practices and forms of knowledge and discursive strategies which enable articulation and functional constituting of ideology. The processes at issue here are those emerging as a consequence of imbalance in the power relations, that is, as consequences of articulation of different interests and struggles of social actors. In the paper we start from the assumption that ideological discourses as forms of knowledge and discourses of (de)legitimization provide the members of social groups with the resources for social classification, their understanding of social relations, social events as well as other social groups. (De)legitimization discourses likewise represent requests for certain behavior and actions, that is, the discourses that justify and/or discredit particular social practices and groups. They are also ways of monitoring social relations. In the paper four major categories of legitimization are emphasized, namely, authorization, moral evaluation, rationalization and mythopoesis as well as the most important areas of (de)legitimization, namely affiliation, action, goals, norms, values, social positions and accesses to social resources. In the conclusion the processes of (de)legitimization are qualified as important strategies of ideologies contributing to changes, classification and reproduction of social practices.

THE APORIAS OF THE VICIOUS CIRCLE IN A POLITICAL BEGINNING: REFLECTIONS ON H. ARENDT’S THOUGHTS ON THE FOUNDATION OF A POLITY

Author(s): Zhang Yan,Gao Song / Language(s): English Issue: 94/2018

Modern revolution as the beginning of founding a new political order has to confront the vicious circle inhered in all beginnings: in so far as it is the beginning, where does its principle come from? Or, if there is no principle, how could the beginning establish one? Set in the context of modern political experience, the aporia is equal to the problem of how modern politics to be self-grounded or how to reestablish political authority in modernity? By an exploration into the relevant writings of Hannah Arendt, the article tries to investigate the vicious circle of beginning and principle in the political realm, and to point out that Arendt has told a story about the mutual generating of beginning and principle, turning the so-called vicious circle into a hermeneutic circle, in which those implicit principles become explicit through the performance of founding actions.

Legitimita politické moci a sebeporozumění občanů

Author(s): Matej Cíbik / Language(s): Czech Issue: 58/2020

The legitimacy of political regimes does not lie only in the manner in which these regimes use their power. A key role is played by the way these regimes are perceived by their populations. Following this insight, the paper defends and elaborates one necessary condition of legitimacy of every political regime: the justification of power provided by the regime must „make sense“ to the citizens. This „making sense“ can be best understood as a correspondence between the proposed justification of political authority and the citizens’ understanding of themselves. In other words, a political regime „makes sense“ to its population only if it resonates with their conception of themselves and their role in the society. The paper then analyses the possible correspondence between the Rawlsian conception of liberal self-understanding, where citizens view themselves as „self-authenticating sources of valid moral claims“, and the legitimacy of contemporary democratic societies. This perspective reveals the sources of deep egalitarian assumptions behind the legitimation frameworks of contemporary societies, as well as the necessary limitations of power of contemporary states. The correspondence between our self-understanding and the legitimacy of the present-day states also reveals the fundamental importance of the human rights framework in current political life.

Wykradając błogosławieństwo

Author(s): Michał Łuczewski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 782-783/2020

REFLECȚII CRITICE ÎN/DIN PANDEMIE

Author(s): Viorella Manolache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2021

Critical Reflections in/from the Pandemic reiterates some clarifying questions/comments regarding the current pandemic context, interested in the critical examinations/interpretations and positions (continued by conclusive explorations!) of Achille Mbembe. It is a critical modality, that of reflecting on crisis management in/from the pandemic and decoding current signs, which Achille Mbembe considers to be a set of elements – raw and with dense force – with a recognized effect in the applied triad – separation-scission-isolation. The reflections available are invested with a dual purpose: the first aims, through the volume Necropolitics (2019), to update/anticipate the problems and the tense conflicts that exist and manifest today (from overpopulation, to exit from democracy, to the act of terror and violence, etc.), coordinates that function (from a philosophical-political perspective), both as medication and poison, able to recompose, "as in an ossuary", the skeleton-architectural project of today's world; the second opinion emerges from the article-post “The Universal Right to Breathe” (2020), which transmits, punctually-punctuated, the imperative of returning to the body, with the aim of assembling (vivifying) it, with the necessary energy for survival, by returning to the vital function of breathing, managing to overcome the suffocating intervals of the present, by transgressing from the hypostasis of the ossuary to the “sanctuary of the living”, freed from proliferated tensions and brutalities. Starting from two concepts with clear meanings – biopower and sovereignty – the present article will approach two other movements [following the invitation launched by Achille Mbembe, that of placing ourselves in a dynamic (textual) flow, with a continuous movement in order to decide the action to be taken!] from the comments/studies of Michel Foucault and Georges Bataille.

MULTICULTURALITATE, GLOBALIZARE, IDENTITATE – ASPECTE TEORETICE

Author(s): Maria, Epatov / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2020

The research project aims to identify and analyze the identity marks of writers belonging to ethnic minorities, in the current context, dominated by multiculturalism, but also globalization, emphasizing the way in which the ethnical identity influences the integration into a well-defined and almost homogeneous cultural space, such as that of Romanian literature. The paper will discuss the functional character of the term globalization in the literary space, reviewing the way in which this concept has evolved and influenced the literary phenomenon, especially in the last hundred years. We will focus on identifying the forms of identity in the context of the last century in order to create a theoretical apparatus necessary to analyze the works of the writers belonging to ethnic minorities, given their special status, as members of a culture that lives inside another culture.

Marcin Król, człowiek wolny

Author(s): Henryk Woźniakowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 788/2021

IPOSTAZE ALE TOTALITARISMELOR DIN PRIMA JUMĂTATE A SECOLULUI AL XX-LEA MENŢIONATE ÎN MEMORIALISTICA LUI MIRCEA ELIADE

Author(s): Florina Vandici / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 2/2021

Mircea Eliade’s memorial volumes are the landmark on the hypostasis of the totalitarianism in the 40’s (the legionary movement in particular), noted mostly by Mircea Eliade during the period when he worked as a representative of the Romanian Legation in Lisbon (1941-1945), a stage that followed the one as a Cultural Attache of the Romanian Embassy in London (1940-1941).An essential transmutation regarding the relation between the avatars of the memory and the historic background was at stake, with everything that involves the consideration of the aseptic role the self-imposed forgiveness as a form of protection performs from the „moral“ point of view in the representation of the past, Mircea Eliade’s memoires and the uncensored notes during the Portuguese period (1941-1945) can reveal, following developing, some obvious shadows in the light of the aporetic coordinates in Paul Ricœur’s Memory, History, Forgiveness. The theme of the representation of the past, mainly, the hypostasis of the totalitarianism in Mircea Eliade’s memorial pages are decoded in the formula suggested by Paul Paul Ricœur, as a „(present) representation of an absent thing“. The route built following the Husserl’ perspective preferred by Ricœur, follows the coordinates of the route from memory to the reflected memory, passing through reminiscence (or recalling)” . The events that occurred during the troubled period between 1945-1950, as they have been noted in the diary, memoires and letters, with no safety interventions, remake the picture of a completely divided Europe between its gaps (Hitlerist, Stalinist, fascist, legionary etc.) being trapped altogether intellectuals, politicians and ordinary people, a humanity marked by its condition as a victim of the terror of the history and of the „barbary with a human face“. Octavian Vuia confesses to him that Heidegger, his former professor, when he was expected to be „purged as a Hitlerist“, showed him „the pile of manuscripts“, telling him that in case the Germans will insult him that way, as a protest, he would burn his „entire unique work“ that, just as Eliade mentions, is also „the most interesting one...“ In ,,Hypostasis of the totalitarianisms in the first half of the XXth century mentioned in Mircea Eliade’s memorial work’’, we have made an attempt to test our ability to (re)read and (de)classify the „hidden treasure“ of the totalitarianism by highlighting their unilaterality of the interference between doctrines and their extreme forms of manifestation as derivatives of the totalitarianism.

Tradition, modernisme et anti-modernisme: une très brève histoire spirituelle de l’Occident

Author(s): Claude Karnoouh / Language(s): French Issue: 1/2012

Tradition, modernism and anti-modernism, this title advanced in this way, straight out, is part of a contemporary cliché repeated ad nauseam by the human sciences as it is obvious that their texts are rare where the problem of tradition, of true tradition , at the very least that which is not obviously the innovation of the day before yesterday and of which a few rare snippets still remain alive on the margins of our globalized world, is tackled head-on, which does not mean to brutally simplistic, but on the contrary in its enigmatic complexity.

SİYASET, SEKTE, SİYASAL: RANCIÈRE VE WOLIN

Author(s): Utku Özmakas / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 16/2020

One of the main debates in contemporary philosophy of politics is the concept of “radical democracy”. There are serious similarities as well as differences between the representatives of this approach naturally. But the similarities between two thinkers are quite remarkable: Jacques Rancière and Sheldon S. Wolin. Both philosophers have thought the real political relations should have interrupted the existing political order, and; both argued that democracy is not just a legal-political form. In addition, both considered the subject of politics around the concept of “demos”. The similarities between these two thinkers,who follow a similar intellectual trajectory but have never given reference to each other’s work, are quite striking. The purpose of this study is to summarize the views of the two philosophers, to draw attention to parallels and to reveal how they think based on similar concepts.

MINTEA STUPULUI: ZIUA CURĂȚIRII

Author(s): Bogdan TOMA,Horațiu GUȚĂ,Zoltán KABAI,Gheorghe Oargă / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 16/2021

Times, ideologies are constantly changing. Knowledge, human consciousness adapts to new ideas, to new discoveries, conquers new heights, forgets truths, old ideals, and then rediscovers them again. The individual adapts to the environment. The environment adapts and responds to the needs of the individual. The form of organization, the society formed around the current ideology has changed over time countless times, satisfying the requirements and needs of each era, in constant search for a new stage in evolution.

A klasszikus eszméje: A kortárs politikaelmélet egyik forrásáról

Author(s): Szilvia Horváth / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 2/2021

In the course of the history of political thought, there is a return to classical sources from time to time – and this is true of contemporary political theory as well. The case can be labeled as neo-classical political philosophy when the classical is the primary form of theorization and not just a simple illustration. The classical has a specific meaning here, and thus, deserves our attention. The meaning, function, and possibilities, as well as limitations, explore the method- like specificities of the classical. Although neo-classical political theory turns to a (certain) past, it is nonetheless a way of contemporary thinking, which, being open to both past and present, encompasses various directions of thought. My argument in the following analysis is that the main function of the classical is to open up new possibilities and opportunities; thus, a sort of theoretical invention. Besides invention, the meanings of the classical disclose more traditional meanings, or rather, emotions, like familiarity, and a sense of certainty that stand close to the eternal in the thinkers’ imagination. The self-reflective task of the classical is to balance these two directions to maintain the conditions for neo-classical theorization in the future, and eventually, to support the conditions for open-ended and free thought.

Filozofija i politika

Author(s): Margaret Canovan / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 26/2021

Hannah Arendt često je govorila da je mišljenje beskonačan proces koji ne daje konačne rezultate, da je »poput Penelopina tkanja, svakog jutra nestaje ono što je urađeno protekle noći«. Općenito govoreći, taj opis intelektualnog života baš ne pristaje Arendt, zbog toga što su njezina razmišljanja dala rezultate u obliku složenih mreža koncepcija i distinkcija koje je razradila i uvijek koristila. Međutim, postoji jedna struja misli koja se provlači kroz njezino djelo i zaista ima tu promjenjivu, nestabilnu narav, na koju ukazuje metafora o Penelopi u kojoj možda možemo osluhnuti onaj beskonačan unutrašnji dijalog misliteljice sa sobom, koji je za Arendt bit filozofije. Tema te rasprave, i jedna od njezinih osnovnih preokupacija, bila je veza između mišljenja i djelovanja, filozofije i politike.

Rawls și dreptul internațional: o examinare critică

Author(s): Mihail-Valentin Cernea / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 4/2021

Maybe John Rawls’s most controversial work, Law of Peoples attempts to extend his framework for liberal justice from the domestic to the international level. While using the same theoretical devices from his famous work in justice as fairness, the original position and the veil of ignorance, Rawls is no longer preoccupied in this stage with the rights of the individual, but with the way well-ordered peoples, liberal or otherwise, can interact and cooperate in a peaceful manner. The first part of the paper will go through the particular way in which Rawls broadens his liberal notion of justice for the international stage, while in the last part is dedicated to examining some of the objections that have been brought forth by his critics, focusing on Thomas Pogge and Allen Buchanan. The paper ends by concluding that the social ontology assumed by Rawls is not enough to properly assess the basic structure of justice at the international level.

A gravitáció mint szellem

Author(s): Bálint Forgács / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1-2/2021

Noam Chomsky: Miféle teremtmények vagyunk? Ford. Kisantal Tamás Kossuth Kiadó, Budapest, 2018., 216 oldal, 3490 Ft

Mark Fisher: Kapitalista realizmus Nincs alternatíva?

Author(s): Katalin Teller / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1-2/2021

Mark Fisher: Kapitalista realizmus. NINCS ALTERNATÍVA? Ford. Tillmann Ármin, Zemlényi-Kovács Barnabás. Előszó: András Csaba. Napvilág, Bp., 2020. 128 old., 1900 Ft

Két tézissel több a kelleténél

Author(s): Zoltán Gábor Szűcs / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3-4/2021

Körösényi András – Illés Gábor – Gyulai Attila: Az Orbán-rezsim. A plebiszciter vezérdemokrácia elmélete és gyakorlata Osiris, Budapest, 2020., 256 oldal, 4480 Ft

Autoriter zárványok és a bénultság megtörésének mechanizmusai

Author(s): Andrew Arato / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3-4/2021

A „legitimitás” labirintusában – Szabó Miklós a legitimitásról

Author(s): István Sümegi / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 3-4/2021

Antifontove političke ideje: jedna rekonstrukcija

Author(s): Marko Simendić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 26/2021

This paper is an attempt at sketching some basic characteristics of Antiphon’s political thought, even though the primary sources are both lacking and fragmented. It is argued that Antiphon, although having a hedonistic account of human nature, views human condition as very difficult. People, guided by reason and led by their ability to distinguish between the pleasant and the unpleasant, need to find ways to cope with their unfortunate predicament and live least unhappy lives. Living in political communities complicates this situation further and reveals tensions between law and nature. Antiphon criticises laws, as their incompatibility with nature fuels the tendency to inflict pain on innocent people. This particularly applies to laws in democratic Athens which had supressed and replaced traditions that were a part of the polis’s aristocratic past. In contrast to (at least some) laws, old traditions saw reciprocity as inextricably linked to justice. An important reflection of this principle was the maxim that one should help friends and harm enemies. It is possible that Antiphon was one of the sophists who supported this particular definition of justice.