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Zastosowanie arystotelesowskiej koncepcji toposu w badaniach wizerunku medialnego liderów politycznych i religijnych – przyczynek do dyskusji

Author(s): Rafał Leśniczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

Purpose: The text is a review and is an attempt to indicate the usefulness of the Aristotelian theory of rhetorical “places” in media studies of the image of political and religious leaders. The division of topoi into natural (anthropological) and cultural (ideological) is taken into consideration. The first one is understood as consciously or unconsciously deeply rooted in the common human nature, and therefore concerns all people. The second one, in turn, examines the way of realization of the human nature in cultural spaces of different historical epochs. The text is a voice in the discussion and an attempt to prove that the theory of topos can be considered complementary to the theory of framing in the analysis of the media image of political and religious leaders.Method: The analysis took into consideration, among others, issues of identity, stereotyping and selected image and communicological dimensions of political and religious leadership. It uses the method of analysis and synthesis. Reference was made to theoretical research work on the application of the concept of topoi in the sciences of social communication and media and framing analysis of such media experts as, among others, Norberto Gonzàlez Gaitano, Terézia Rončáková, Piotr Studnicki, Douglas Walton, Chris Reed, Fabrizio Macagno.Result/Conclusion: Topoi can be used to build both a positive and a negative image of political and religious leaders. The use of the same argumentative structures in the text provides an opportunity to meet supporters and opponents of specific people or institutions. Topoi are used in the construction of the categorization key and are an important help in the interpretation of the text. They can be considered as a theory complementary to framing in the analysis of the media image of political and religious leaders.

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Smartphones and social media as status symbol of Gen Z

Author(s): Dóra Szabó,Erzsébet Dani / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Smartphones have led to the formation of new habits and behavioral patterns and are the most widespread infocommunication tool today. They also appear as status symbols among the Z and Alpha generations. This tool performs an important role in the lives of the younger generation and impacts social media platforms; which has led to further questions. This is a particularly important topic nowadays because the area of media awareness does not only refer to the family, but also encompasses educational institutions that contribute to the promotion of conscious use of the media. A PILOT survey was used with the goal of mapping out how students relate to their phones. This survey was the right choice because it is one of the cornerstones of education for proper media behavior and critical thinking. In the course of the research, I asked young people aged 13-19 what they thought about status symbols, how they related to their smartphones, what role they took on social media when they encounter a multitude of influencers.

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Sławomir Soczyński, (Re)definicja pojęcia tabu medialnego jako kategorii aksjonormatywnej z perspektywy teoretyczno-funkcjonalnej, Wydawnictwo Petrus, Kraków 2021, s. 331, ISBN 978-83-7720-665-2.

Author(s): Rafał Leśniczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

The aim of Sławomir Soczyński's monograph (Re)definition of the concept of media taboo as an axionormative category from a theoretical and functional perspective is an attempt to understand the phenomenon of media taboo, to show its importance for participants of mediatized communication processes, and thus to show taboo as an element of the system that regulates the space of the mediasphere. The monograph consists of two parts: the first, comprised of two chapters, conceptualizes the concept of taboo in theoretical media studies, and the second part, comprised of four chapters, is a pragmatic study of taboos in the mediasphere. The research contained in the book is situated in the field of social sciences in the discipline of social communication and media science.

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Sprawozdanie z międzynarodowej konferencji naukowej Communication Research in the Era of Neo-Globalisation

Author(s): Rafał Leśniczak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2022

On July 11-15, 2022, an international scientific conference “Communication Research in the Era of Neo-Globalisation: Reorientations, Challenges and Changing Contexts” took place in Beijing. The meeting was organized by the International Association for Media and Communication Research (IAMCR). The aim of the conference was to analyze the unprecedented challenges of new media and cultural topography in the post-pandemic era of volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity, including but not limited to issues related to public health, climate change, and sustainable development. The main speakers of the conference were, among others, Prof. Manuel Castells (University of Southern California, USA), Prof. Changfeng Chen (Tsinghua University, China), Prof. Jantima Kheokao (Asian Network for Public Opinion Research, Thailand), Prof. Dadang Rahmat Hidayat (Padjadjaran University, Indonesia), Prof. Yu-li LIU (City University of Hong Kong, China).

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Sustainable Information and Communication Technologies: A Critical Query for CO2 Emissions in Panel Countries

Author(s): Filiz Çayirağasi / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

In the context of a sustainable environment, innovative information and communication technology solutions are not only an important tool for reducing the carbon footprint in the fight against global warming and climate change, but they also contribute to globalization. Using Comtrade data, this study analyzes the relationship between exports of information and communication technologies and carbon emissions in selected countries for the years 1993-2014. The study uses two models. The dependent variable of the first model is carbon emissions and that of the second model is carbon emissions from electricity and heat generation. First, a Westerlund cointegration test, a cross-sectional dependence test, and a fully modified least squares test were conducted, followed by a panel causality analysis. The results showed that exports of information and communication technology services, individual internet use, and per capita gross domestic product increased carbon dioxide emissions, and there was no causal relationship between carbon dioxide emissions from electricity and heat generation, carbon dioxide emissions, and trade.

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Eucharystia celebrowana w dobie pandemii. Studium teologiczno-socjologiczne

Author(s): Monika Gajdecka-Majka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 21/2020

In the era of the pandemic the Catholic Church faced the challenge of the digital revolution. This is particularly evident in the example of the transmission of Masses which have become a requirement of the time and are a consequence of a very rapid social media development. The virtual world has penetrated into areas that were previously reserved for (a certainkind of) Sacrum. The article deals with the transmission of Masses and problems emergingfrom the use of modern internet and television technologies. The believers’ perspective, whoare the recipients of the Mass broadcast, has been also presented.

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Introducing Neuro-Symbolic Artificial Intelligence to Humanities and Social Sciences: Why Is It Possible and What Can Be Done?

Author(s): Zhen Huang / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2022

With the support of artificial intelligence (AI), the smart applications in all walks of life have brought great changes to human society. Not only being concerned, analysed and criticized by scholars from Humanities and social sciences, AI also plays an important role in empirical research methods, thus facilitating the transformation of research paradigms in these fields. At present, neuro-symbolic AI, as a new product of the integration of two major factions in the field of artificial intelligence - connectionism and symbolism, has high application value in studying and solving the humanistic and social problems involving massive data due to its learning capability of perceiving the environment as well as reasoning capability of manipulating symbols. The introduction of neuro-symbolic AI is also of great significance for the development of emerging interdisciplinary fields such as digital humanities and computational social sciences. This paper aims to clarify the connections between neuro-symbolic AI and Humanities and social sciences, summarize the latest developing trends and representative applications, and explore a feasible path for the expansion of pluralistic methodologies in Humanities and social sciences to adapt to the age of big data.

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ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ПОДХОДА К ИССЛЕДОВАНИЮ СУЖДЕНИЙ О СЕБЕ И О ДРУГИХ ПОДРОСТКОВ-СИРОТ ИЗ ШКОЛ-ИНТЕРНАТОВ

Author(s): Nina N. Yuditseva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 1/2012

The investigation of teenage orphans’ opinions of both themselves and other people within phenomenological point of view means researching that in their self structure in the broader context than their self – consciousness. The term self structure requires the definition; its sources need to be determined. The article deals with the analysis of solving these problems within some of psychological and philosophical approaches. It was solving these problems by S. Frank, N. Lossky that we used in the experimental study orphans’ opinion about themselves and other people. These scientists belong to Russian intuitivist group that is the part of phenomenological branch of non Marxian theory of knowledge. Their conception has been developed in modern Russian psychology by F. Mihaylov and V. Muhina.The self structure is understood as state of person’s mind (I) to subject (Subject). The “I” is detachment himself by person as separable side, which function is act of distinguishing. The “Subject” includes the subject itself and person’s sense, attitude and feeling, connected with the subject, given to the person in perception intuitively. Self structure’s sources are both isolating, connected with person’s instinctive selfish inclinations, and involving into communications, connected with person’s inclination for searching contacts with others.The article offers the typology of orphan’s strategies in isolating and involving into communications with the others, formatted theirs’ self structure. The correlation between orphans’ opinion about the others and their self structures was been confirmed.

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Communicating The Climate Change: The Role Of Experts And Policy Makers

Author(s): Lenka Diener / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2022

Science experts play important role in spreading the science-related knowledge that can improve societal outcomes by guiding policy in transformative way. Experts communication and its influence on policy decision-makers is particularly important topic when it comes to problems of climate change. This paper explore how European citizens perceive the role of experts and policy makers in science communication in climate change topic. It is based on the international research analysing European citizen’s perception of science communication to better understanding of how beliefs, perceptions and knowledge of science-related issues originate among EU citizens and to enquire their proposals for enhancing the quality of science communication. The findings of this paper come from studies performed within a European project entitled CONCISE which was carried out in five European countries (Portugal, Spain, Italy, Slovakia, Poland) based on qualitative research method – public consultation. The purpose of this paper is to review the existing structural obstacles that experts and policymakers, currently face when attempting to communicate the climate change successfully and to present the main findings from public consultation about the main proposals for experts and policy makers in communicating theclimate change to public.

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Przestrzenie kreatywne w bibliotekach w świetle najnowszych koncepcji badawczych (przykład makerspace)

Author(s): Maja Wojciechowska,Monika Orzeł / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

The paper discusses the issue of so-called creative zones, also referred to as makerspace, in libraries. This increasingly popular phenomenon requires an analysis that would, on the one hand, identify its key vocabulary and, on the other hand, highlight any serious problems associated with this new function of libraries. The purpose of the paper is to present the concept of creative makerspace zones and to discuss potential serious problems with the organisation and functioning of such zones based on a review of the latest research published in foreign library science journals. Accordingly, the paper discusses the functions of creative space, especially its educational function (in the context of the theory of learning), the problem of measuring and evaluating the operation of makerspace, the issue of intellectual property rights related to makerspace and the needs of persons with disabilities that must be accounted for when designing such space.

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Come comunicare per la Chiesa? Gli argomenti dai legami di successione

Author(s): Mariusz Pietrzykowski / Language(s): Italian Issue: 17/2016

Basically, all the argumentative techniques worked out on the rhetorical ground can be used in the communication for the Church. Their usefulness depends on the character of the issues which are considered and the type of the recipients to whom the Church turns to. Arguments based on the structure of reality referring to the relations of succession – like a cause- and -effect relation – let the discussion concerning the Church ‘bring down to earth’. Argumentation directed towards seeking the causes deepens understanding of the Church. Defining the results and evaluating the action on the basis of its consequences causes thattalking about the Church is talking about specific life where, yet, the person of Jesus Christ is the principle of everything that is good. The relation ‘ means- aim’ constitutes important space in the argumentation concerning moral issues, and the argument of going beyond is as if a natural technique of moving the moral issues to the spiritual level

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Przeciw „ideologiom”. „Wolność” nauki jako stawka w wojnach kulturowych

Author(s): Marta Zimniak-Hałajko / Language(s): Polish Issue: 11/2020

The subject of the current article is the analysis of select institutional activities, including drafts of legislative initiatives and social actions, that took place during 2018-2020 at Polish universities (and outside of them), aiming at defining of what can be expressed, who is entitled to speak within the realm of academy – and what can be said by an academic teacher or scientist during public debate. These social actions and legislative initiatives are discussed in the broader context of activities of social movements having clear ideological face (either left- or rightwing), protests against lectures and debates organised at universities that were labelled as „ideological” ones, as well as projects intending to promote specific visions of academic freedom along with corresponding regulations for universities.

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Against “Ideologies”: “Freedom” of Science at Stake in Culture Wars

Author(s): Marta Zimniak-Hałajko / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2020

The subject of this article is the analysis of selected institutional activities, including drafts of legislative initiatives and social actions that took place between 2018 and 2020 at Polish universities (and outside of them). Its goal is to define what can be expressed, who is entitled to speak within the academic realm and what can be said by an academic teacher or scientist during a public debate. These social actions and legislative initiatives are discussed in the broader context of activities of social movements having a clear ideological face (either left- or right-wing), protests against lectures, debates organised at universities that were labelled as “ideological”, as well as projects intended to promote specific visions of academic freedom along with corresponding regulations for universities.

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Fenomén smrti a umierania v komunikácii s deťmi

Author(s): Kristína Tkáčová,Terézia Harčaríková,Zuzana Ivanová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 03/2022

The article points to the importance of communication with terminally ill children as well as the importance of communication after the loss of, for example, a sibling or classmate. Death, dying, the loss of a loved one are difficult topics that arouse fear, concern and respect. However, they are an integral part of life, unfortunately also of children’s lives, often already at an early age. It is therefore necessary that the phenomenon of death and dying be communicated in an appropriate way already in childhood, not only with children whose illness significantly limits their life span, but also with their siblings, classmates and parents. Not only the family but also the school plays an important role in such communication. The authors of the paper point to the necessity of training teachers in various types of schools in the field of communication and its specifics in the issue of death and dying. At the same time, they rely mainly on foreign studies, as this issue is still unexplored in Slovakia.

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Braillovo písmo ako významný prostriedok komunikácie nevidiacich a ťažko zrakovo postihnutých

Author(s): Jana Lopúchová,Simona Schallerová / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 03/2022

Communication is a part of everyones life. In various forms, it is an accompanying phenomenon of many life situations. Without communication, a person would not be able to develop and progress, it would not be possible to establish interpersonal contacts and relationships, and basically, it would not be possible to exchange information within social systems. However, there may be situations when communication in the form in which we generally know it, or some of its forms, does not work or is not usable in a specific group of people. In the article, the authors focus on the presentation of Braille as an alternative form of communication, on emphasizing the importance and position of Braille in the lives of the blind and severely visually impaired, as well as on the perspectives of using Braille in the future. They present the results of selected research studies of world provenance aimed at investigating the use of relief-point writing.

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Come parlare della Chiesa? Gli argomenti quasi-logici

Author(s): Mariusz Pietrzykowski / Language(s): Italian Issue: 16/2015

Basically, all the argumentative techniques worked out on the rhetorical ground can be used in the communication for the Church. Their usefulness depends on the character of the issues which are considered and the type of the recipients to whom the Church turns to. Quasi-logical arguments order the utterances of the Church paying attention to their coherence, understandability and adequacy. Making use of the definitions particularly generallyrecognized is an expression of honesty and good will of the speaker. A proper application of the rules of justice, mutuality and transitivity allow to strengthen credibility, and relevance and appropriateness of comparisons tell of a format of the speaker. This type of argumentation is essential for the Church which is supposed to convey the objective truth. Its mission is not only to own the truth and defend it but also make it comprehensible for everybody bearing in mind the fact that it is transcendental and endless.

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O niewidocznych przeszkodach dialogu i próbie jego ocalenia

Author(s): Monika Kwiecińska-Zdrenka,Łukasz Matelski,Szymon Sentkowski,Weronika Skrzyńska,Marcin T. Zdrenka / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2 (8)/2021

Reading the text by Katarzyna and Andrzej Zybertowicz became the basis for a stormy discussion during the classes on Contemporary problems of ethics, conducted in the winter semester 2021/2022 at the second-cycle philosophy studies at the Institute of Philosophy of the Nicolaus Copernicus University. It evoked a whole range of reac- tions among the participants - from intellectual inspiration, encouragement to a diffe- rent approach to some phenomena and their interpretation, through disagreement with some of the theses, to radical opposition to simplifying judgments formulated against the participants of the so-called Black Protest. We differed in our assessment of this sta- tement and assessed its elements differently; However, we were united by the conviction that despite the formulation of an invitation to discussion in the essay, the transmission of the text makes this discussion very difficult.Therefore, we decided to recognize and report those places we discovered in the essay which, in our opinion, hamper such a dialogue to the greatest extent, and indicate a possible direction for overcoming these difficulties. At the same time, we would like to suspend the very debate on the essence of the dispute, i.e. the problem of the status of legal regulations on abortion in Poland and our attitude to this issue. The overriding goal for us is to strive for the title „saving the dialogue”, to which the authors themselves invite, but which - in our common opinion, has been severely strained by the precon- ditions set out by the text in question.

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