Поглед към емпирията: ценности в образованието. Сравнителен анализ на фокус групи и дълбочинни интервюта в три български университета

Author(s): Mario Marinov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 3/2015

The article summarizes focus groups and interviews from 2015 in South-West University "Neofit Rilski" - Blagoevgrad, Plovdiv University "Paisiy Hilendarski" - "Lyuben Karavelov" Branch - Kardzhali, and St. Cyril and St. Methodius University of Veliko Tarnovo - Pleven College of Education. The topics were: problems of education, carrier, the path of professional development, connections in society, the family, professional communities, the circle of friends, institutions, trust between people in society, religion. Regarding education the prevailing opinion is that education in Bulgaria is below the necessary level. Solidarity is missing in contemporary Bulgarian society. The significance of education as a value is decreasing. It is a necessity for a future carrier, means to make a living. Carrier has limited possibilities due to economic limitations. Most participants mention the family in the hierarchy of their values. Mobility helps finding a job and establishing contacts. It is better to make a carrier with personal qualities but in Bulgaria it is impossible to grow without protection. Most students do not trust the institutions. Politicians lose trust. Regarding trust there is a difference between students and professors. Religion is important but it has no leading position. Regarding religion the opinions expressed in Kardzhali were different.

O autoetnografii dotknięć, zranień i odkształceń

Author(s): Katarzyna Kalinowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

The author presents autoethnography as a systematic research method used in field studies into the emotions of love. She begins by tracing various sociological and anthropological approaches and noting the place they give to an active, subjective researcher with agency. Then she concentrates on how autoethnographic data is generated and used in the course of the research process. In her opinion, autoethnography can be an original source of data—a supplement and verification for other materials collected in the field—if the personal experiences of the researcher are treated with the same attention as the experiences of the persons studied. She proposes to verify these experiences and the researcher’s activities in the world by use of the “clinical” and analytic autoethnographic method, which relies on the strategy of the “researcher as a tool.” This concept corresponds to the figure of the “vulnerable observer” used by researchers of the school of evocative autoethnography; it turns the researcher’s personal biography into a unit of analysis.

Po pierwsze — człowiek

Author(s): Katarzyna Majbroda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

The aim of this article is to show autoethnography in the context of Margaret Archer’s theory of agency. The author’s point of departure is the assumption that autoethnography is not solely a current in socio-cultural anthropology where anthropologists are focused on themselves, nor is it limited to the genre of anthropological literature in which the experiences and emotions of fieldwork researchers are displayed in the foreground. The author shows that autoethnography makes use of the reflectiveness of being in the world that is an immanent characteristic of knowing subjects. A significant part of anthropological praxis also demands from researchers a permanent autoreflexivity. This autoreflexivity concerns the aims of knowing, the course of field research, relationships during it, tools and methods of knowledge, and the cultural, social, and political contexts of practicing anthropology and its consequences. This autoreflexivity is the source of agency. Reflection about ourselves begins with a thought and in an internal conversation; these are the basis of an integral part of anthropological praxis—agency.

Rola autoetnografii w procesie wytwarzania wiedzy antropologicznej

Author(s): Marta Songin-Mokrzan / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

The aim of the article is to present how autoethnography, understood as a technique of obtaining data in the process of ethnographic research, contributes to the development of theoretical and methodological reflection in anthropology. The author argues that this practice provides rich material that makes it possible to reflect on the relationship between the situation of the researcher and the type of knowledge created. Autoethnography also makes it possible to grasp events, and thus those moments thanks to which scraps of ideas, thoughts, or theoretical concepts begin to combine with each other to create a compact and organized narrative, and ethnographic research acquires cohesiveness. The author simultaneously emphasizes the important role of emotion. She indicates that the existence of particularly intense experiences on the part of both the researcher and the persons studied should be seen not only in the psychological perspective but as a reaction to the breaking or undermining of the prevailing principle—a response to non-standard behavior, which does not fit into the established order. The reflections presented in the article are illustrated with examples from field work which was conducted in a production facility located in one of the Special Economic Zones in the voivodeship of Lower Silesia.

Dziesięć wyznań albo krępujący chiazm

Author(s): Michał Mokrzan / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

The subject of this essay is the constituting of subjectivity as reflected in neoliberal technologies of management manifesting themselves in the coaching relationship. This question is addressed on the basis of ethnographic research conducted among coaches and persons being coached in Poland. However, the form of the essay goes beyond the qualitative framework of traditional ethnographic research. In regard to autoethnographicexperience, the initial goal of making an ethnography of neoliberalism was achieved though actions and strategies that in themselves could be described as neoliberal (that is, conducted in terms of the imperative of self-concern and thinking in categories of potential gains and losses).

Trajektoria rodzinna jako szczególny sposób oświadczania cierpienia

Author(s): Maria Ferenc Piotrowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

This text contains an analysis of the experience of chaos, disorder, and family suffering among the inhabitants of the Warsaw Ghetto during the Second World War, based on materials of a biographical nature, that is, personal documents. The author refers to the concept of a trajectory, which makes it possible to grasp the breakdown of adaptation strategies in the face of an extreme situation. She analyzes the processes of family disintegration and degradation in the Ghetto and proposes a new analytical category—the “family trajectory.”

Człowiek w teorii — teoria w człowieku

Author(s): Marcin Kafar / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

This article considers the dichotomy between theory and life, treating it as a reflection of the process of subjectivization of discourse of the anthropological variety. In accord with the accepted premise, scientific theories do not emerge on their own but as a result of complicated conditions at the meeting point of subjective-individual experience and the language of theory, leading to a close connection between the maker of a given theory and the theory itself. In such a cognitive context, legitimacy is achieved by analytical-interpretative tasks, which consist in seeking meanings and discovering the sense of manifold signs of the presence of the human being in theory (thus someone real, who situates himself openly or covertly in the constructed descriptions of the world) and the theory in the human being, that is, the conceptual or otherwise indicated manifestations of self-understanding. An instructive exemplification of such analytical and interpretative work is the scientific autobiography of an outstanding Polish anthropologist,Czesław Robotycki, a scholar developing the contemporary theory of culture while taking into account cultural paradoxes and the attitude of anthropological distancing which were personally important to him.

Antropologowie i antropolożki na wojennej ścieżce oraz ich dylematy moralne z tym związane

Author(s): Grażyna Kubica / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

In the history of anthropology, that is, a science whose borders have considerably shifted, the object of study has continually changed but there has been a prevailing conviction about the unusual sensitivity of its practices; however, such sensitivity has not been discussed by researchers in the context of wars, military intelligence, or other military endeavors. When the history of this discipline is recounted as it is by Michał Kowalski in the book Antropolodzy na wojnie [Anthropologists on War], through the prism of the complications involved in direct activities of this type, it forces one to reflect on the ethical principles that should guide field researchers. Historical analyses of such sensitive material should also incline scholars to greater methodological awareness and avoidance of the trap of presentism.

O „Defamiliaryzatorach”

Author(s): Janusz Mucha / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2017

This text contains the author’s thoughts on contemporary cultural anthropology in connection with a reading of Waldemar Kuligowski’s book Defamiliaryzatorzy. Źródła i zróżnicowanie antropologii współczesności [Defamiliarizers: Sources and Varieties of Contemporary Anthropology]. The author’s remarks concern the historical conditioners of the discipline’s current shape and its reflexivity, or how one’s own cultural context is understood and presented.

The Influence of Space on the Sense of Security on the Part of the Local Community. On the Basis of Bydgoskie Przedmieście District in Toruń

Author(s): Patryk Tomaszewski / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2017

The goal of this paper is to point out the main determinants which have an impact on the space security as well as the implementation of the solutions which contribute to the improvement of its security. The area of research is Toruń, with the special attention paid to the particularly rapidly developing district of Bydgoskie Przedmieście, the said development taking place at the turn of the 19th century.

RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS IN POLICE - PROCESS FOR INSTITUTIONALIZATION AND FORMALISATION

Author(s): Krzysztof Tomaszycki / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2017

Institutionalization and formalization of research institutions in Police are processes which have a great impact for its functioning. Outer environment of the institution affects its scope of action and creates cooperation with units taking part in solving a given criminal issue. In this publication, there has been done an analysis of the literature affecting factors influencing the progress of processes. Along, outcomes of the empirical research showing the elements that create both processes in diagnosed institution, has been delivered.

Исправка: Криминал-Социјални ризик у савременом друштву (Год. 7, Бр. 13, стр. 84-113, DOI: 10.5937/pol1713084V)

Author(s): / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 14/2017

Due to a technical mistake, the correct abstract in Serbian language of the article authored by dr. Dragana Vilić „Crime – Social risk in contemporary society“ published in the journal Politeia (issue number 13, vol. 7, p.84) was omitted. The Editorial board apologises to the author and our readers. With the consent of the author, we publish the correct summary in Serbian language in this issue: Summary: Crime, as a form of violation of law (A. Giddens), is one of the social risks. One of the negative consequences of the development of a modern, global society is the globalization of criminality (M. Kostić & F. Mirić). Criminality can only be discussed with the development and elaboration of the legal system in the modern sense of the word (including criminal law), but in societies there have always been certain types of norms and beliefs that have influenced human behavior and against which (in) correctness (M. Ivanović). Unlike a positive right that cannot fully follow the dynamics of change in society that influence the definition of a crime, sociology should constantly seek new elements that extend this notion (new, unpredictable, unlimited). The paper analyzes the causes of criminality, its distribution, types (violent, property, etc.), relation to other notions (deviance, delinquency and crime) and its consequences in contemporary society, in order to look at the risk of crime, to seek an adequate social response to this negative phenomenon, and provides an analysis of the penal policy and the role of a prison institution for the offender’s conversion (M. Foucault)

КЛАССИКИ СОЦИОЛОГИИ О ЦИРКУЛЯЦИИ ЭЛИТ В ОБЩЕСТВЕ: СОВРЕМЕННОЕ ОСМЫСЛЕНИЕ

Author(s): Zinaida Balabayeva / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2015

This article discusses some of the classic tenets of the theory change (circulation) elites V. Pareto and other representatives of the theory of elites (U.Moska, R.Mihels), which allow to draw parallels with the present to understand the peculiarities of the political process today. Also presents modern theory of elites, which allow showing specificity of the process change of elites in modern post-Soviet conditions.

NIEPODWAŻALNE FAKTY. JAK O NICH MÓWIMY?

Author(s): Magdalena Danielewiczowa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2017

This paper deals with syntax and semantics of expressions containing the word fakt (a fact). In the first part of her study, the author overviews the most typical contexts in which this word is used and extracts lexical units in which it occurs. The second part is devoted to semantic properties of the extracted units, in particular to features of the expression jest faktem, że_ (it is a fact that_), which should not be identifi ed with the predicate jest prawdą, że _ (it is true that_) in terms of content even though the concept of knowledge plays the central role in both these meaning. In the final part of the paper, a semantic representation of the expression jest faktem, że _ is proposed.

CZY POTRZEBUJEMY POSTPRAWDY? WYRAŻENIE POSTPRAWDA NA TLE GŁÓWNYCH OPOZYCJI W PODSYSTEMIE POLSKICH WYKŁADNIKÓW FAŁSZU

Author(s): Joanna Zaucha / Language(s): Polish Issue: 09/2017

This paper is dedicated to the noun postprawda (post-truth), which is entering the Polish language. The author discusses the place of the neologism in the class of falsehood exponents relying on the analysis of ‘falsehood’ presented by A. Bogusławski (2007). The main methodological assumptions, apparent already in the title of the study, are formulated on the grounds of structuralism. The principal oppositions in the described set of lexis are based on five properties, namely: 1. the number of subjects engaged in the described communication event; 2. the mood of speaking determined by the predicate, 3. the implication of the current act of speech (or its absence); 4. the responsibility for falsehood; 5. disapproval. Due to its semantic properties, postprawda is one of the assertoric multi-subject discursive exponents containing an element of disapproval. Against other falsehood exponents, such as: przesąd (a superstition), mit (a myth), propaganda, ściema (a whopper), this lexeme is distinguished by thematisation of an ascription described as false and circulating in public, one that is less significant in terms of communication than another unspecified ascription. The falsehood of ascription is known to both the post-truth initiator and the recipient. The instances of using the noun postprawda imply the nonconfrontational and innovative nature of the phenomenon to which the word refers.

Rasa czarna a tożsamość kubańska

Author(s): Anna Kaganiec-Kamieńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 49/2017

Many historians point to an important role of race in the shaping of the Cuban identity and culture. Taking as a starting point the view that national identity is dynamic and negotiable, i.e. influenced by the elite’s ‘national project’ and negotiated from below, the article focuses on the role of Afro-Cubans in the formation of Cuban identity until 1959, especially on the period 1898-1940. This article looks at the concept of "lo cubano" as understood by the Cuban elites as well as the way in which Afro-Cubans actively negotiated their place in the Cuban society.

„Nadszedł czas Upiorów”

Author(s): Paulina Maślona / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

It’s ghouls time!” Private collections of Monster High Fandom members are based on myMaster’s degree thesis about the internet community of adult toy collectors. In the articleI am presenting the topic of Monster High and I am trying to outline the context of my fieldresearch. The main goal of this essay is to describe in detail the way private collections arecreated, and to explain the relationship between an object and its owner. The final partof the text includes my thoughts and ideas on how private Monster High collections mayfunction as museum exhibitions.

Europejskość w muzeum. muzeum w europejskości

Author(s): Anna Nadolska-Styczyńska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2017

PAMIĘĆ O ŻYDOWSKICH SĄSIADACH – RECEPCJA MŁODZIEŻY: GŁOS W DYSKUSJI

Author(s): Magdalena Kawa / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2016

Tekst jest próbą spojrzenia na stosunek młodego pokolenia do społeczności żydowskiej, do mieszkańców ich miasta. Poprzez analizę wypełnionych przez młodych ludzi ankiet, autorka starała się znaleźć odpowiedzi na pytania: W jaki sposób kilkadziesiąt lat po wojnie pamięta się o tych, którzy stanowili część miejsca, w którym mieszkają? Jak pamięta się o tych, których już nie ma? Jak pamięta się bez możliwości spotkania i poznania? Jak wygląda pamięć o Żydach bez Żydów? Oczywiście ani badania, ani tekst, nie dają całościowego spojrzenia na problem postrzegania Żydów przez polską młodzież. Badanie to nie spełnia również wymogów badania socjologicznego, gdyż nie zostało wykonane na grupie reprezentatywnej, lecz opiera się na wynikach ankiet przeprowadzonych w jednej ze szkół średnich w mieście, które przed wojną zamieszkiwane było przez żydowską społeczność. Tekst może raczej stanowić uzupełnienie już prowadzonych badań w tym obszarze, zainicjować prace rozwijające podejmowany tematy lub być głosem w dyskusji na temat polskiej pamięci o żydowskiej społeczności.

Etos policjanta a bezpieczeństwo społeczne

Author(s): Henryk Noga,Zbigniew Małodobry / Language(s): Polish Issue: 5-6/2017

This article discusses the concept of ethos and the ethos of a policeman. Also presented are the basic problems associated with the service of a policeman. The Research Report of the Center for Social Opinion Research on the image of the police in the society was analyzed. The important role of the police in contemporary society was emphasized.