Динамічні здібності чи динамічні здатності?

Author(s): Yevgen Bogodistov / Language(s): Ukrainian Issue: 1/2017

Purpose. Purpose of the research is to analyze of the concept of dynamic capabilities aiming at formation of the correct terminology.Design/Method/Approach. This a conceptual paper is based on the academic literature analysis.Findings. The paper analysed the historical development of the concept of dynamic capabilities from the moment of introduction of this expression and till now. The study described the main theoretical struggles іn the concept, which can have influence on the correct understanding and, thus, translation. The two main academic discussions concerned with dynamic capabilities are reviewed. Different definitions of organizational capabilities are analyzed and their influence on the formation of the understanding of dynamic capabilities is performed. A set of most popular definitions of dynamic capabilities is offered in the work. Those definitions indicate different aspects of the currently running academic discussion on the concept.Theoretical implications. This paper is important for the academic discussion on dynamic capabilities in the Ukrainian academic segment, since an approach for unambiguous understanding of the terminology of this concept is proposed. Originality/value. Since different understandings of the concept of dynamic capabilities may mislead the translators from English into Ukrainian, the most appropriate translation terminology is proposed.

Główne problemy polsko-włoskiej współpracy gospodarczej w latach 1959–1970

Author(s): Dariusz Jarosz / Language(s): Polish Issue: 20/2018

A new opening in Polish-Italian economic relations took place at the turn of the fifties and sixties. As a result of this opening, there are contracts signed in 1958 and 1960 and a gradual increase in trade turnover. The next stages of this cooperation were: the agreement of 14 July 1965 (on economic, industrial and technical cooperation) and 18 February 1970 (on trade and economic relations). Trade turnover with Italy in 1969 represented nearly 3% of total turnover of Polish foreign trade with developed capitalist countries. In 1966, Italy took the fourth place (after Great Britain, Germany and the USA) in Polish exports to capitalist developed countries and second place in imports from this group of states. Poland exported mainly to agri-food and raw materials (coal, sulfur) and imported machinery and equipment as well as metallurgical and chemical blanks. In the 1960s, the Polish authorities decided to invest heavily in Italy. In 1965, the Polish authorities signed an agreement with Fiat for the production of a mid-range car (Fiat 125p) in Poland, which resulted in a large loan. Cooperation with the Turin concern was the most recognizable element of Polish-Italian industrial cooperation during this period.

Проф. др Владан Виријевић: Југословенско-турски економски односи 1918–1941. (Косовска Митровица: Филозофски факултет, 2018)

Author(s): Zdravko M. Deletić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/2019

The article does not contain abstract.

”TAXEDU ”- UN SOFT INTELIGENT PENTRU ORELE DE ISTORIE

Author(s): Raluca Cristina Bonteanu,Maria Cristina Ilincuta / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 86/2019

This article presents the new platform TAXEDU, created under the guidance of The European Union in 2017. The project was released in Romania at the and of the last year. It is an educational and interactive soft which makes an interesting presentation of taxes and fees.This platform can be used in history classes. It uses resources for students, young people, and adults. These resources are varied: e-learning courses, games, video clips, useful links. For students, this platform represents a learning space through games. For teachers, the project offers material resources which can be used in classes.

Petre OPRIȘ, Licențe străine pentru produse civile și militare fabricate în România (1946-1989), București, Editura Militară, 2018, 296 p.

Author(s): Marius Motreanu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 86/2019

Liviu VOINEA (coord.), Alexandra COJOCARU, Brîndușa COSTACHE, Veaceslav GRIGORAȘ, Horațiu LOVIN, Camelia NEAGU, David ORȚAN, Andrei TĂNASE, Un veac de sinceritate. Recuperarea memoriei pierdute a economiei românești 1918-2018, București, Ed. Publica,

Author(s): Bogdan Murgescu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 86/2019

Колективна находка от антониниани от с. Дъбовица (Шехово), Бургаска област

Author(s): Miroslav Klasnakov,Varbin Varbanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

Dubovitsa village is located at 18 km northwest of Sungurlare and about 80 km northwest of Burgas. It is situated at the eastern foot of Stidovska Mountain and in the Luda Kamchia River Valley. On the territory of the village there are registered archaeological monuments and finds from different historical periods.The hoard of antoniniani was discovered during a plowing of a vineyard in 1964, in the Butovo area, 4 km north-northwest of Dubovitsa village. In the same year, 61 coins entered in the museum in Burgas (Inv. № XVII). Later, in 1976, another 7 coins from the same hoard, entered in the Burgas Museum (Inv. № XXXIV). In 2014, 13 antoniniani from the same hoard have been published, kept in the Yambol Museum Fund. From the preserved part of the hoard, the earliest coins are of Trebonianus Gallus - 2,4 %, followed by those from the period 253-260 - 9,5 %, those from the sole reign of Gallienus - 9,5 %, and Claudius Gothicus is represented by 63 coins or 75% (Graphics 1). All the coins are from known and widespread types. After their precise dating, it was found that their hiding and remaining in the ground was in the end of 269 or in the beginning of 270 year. This itself, assumes also a connection with the events from this period, famous from the ancient sources.From the territory of Bulgaria there are data for another 19 coin hoards, witch ends with coins of Claudius Gothicus. Their concentration is in the eastern part of nowadays Bulgarian territories (map 1). Their hiding is associated with the invasions of the Goths from 269-270 year. Their remaining in the ground and their concentration in a certain area is due to the battles in which the Romans suffered losses. By its internal composition, the hoards from the period can be referred to the group of the so-called "circulation" hoards. Their connection with the army is undoubted, although it is not certain whether they belonged to soldiers or other inhabitants of the Danube provinces related to the army.

Бронзов нумус на Вандалското кралство в Северна Африка от района на град Бургас

Author(s): Lubomir Vasilev / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The article review one very rare for Bulgaria bronze Early Medieval coin – numus from a small nominal of the Vandal king – Thrasamund(496-523). The copy is a single find,minted at Carthage. Kept in Bulgarian private collection. Data about finds of Vandal Erly Medieval coins from the period 4-5th century,found in the teritorry of Modern Bulgaria are unknown so far,or at least such information is not known to the author.

Османски монети от Пловдив (XIV–XV в.)

Author(s): Rumen Ivanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

The article discusses Ottoman coins of XIV-XV century discovered during archaeological excavations in the city of Plovdiv. The earliest known coin was minted during the sultan Murad I (1362-1389). The article includes ten copper and silver coins minted at the sultans Murad I, Bayazid I, Emir Suleiman, Murad II, Mehmed II and Bayazid.

Тройни грошове на Сигизмунд III Ваза (1587-1632) от монетарницата в Рига

Author(s): Kaloyan Dimov / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1/2019

This short article considers 9 silver coins struck by the time of Sigismund III Vasa (1587-1632) – ruler of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. They are all found in Bulgaria and provide us information about the coin circulation in the Ottoman period.

RIMSKA PUTNA KOMUNIKACIJA SALONA-ARGENTARIA

Author(s): Mersiha Imamović,Bego Omerčević / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 4/2018

The Roman road Salona-Argentaria belongs to the category of the most important roads that the Romans built in the territory of the present day Bosnia and Herzegovina. It was built during the reign of Emperor Tiberius (from 16 AD to1217 AD). Its construction established a direct connection between Salona (today’s Solin near Split), which was at that time one of the main ports on the Adriatic and the seat of the Roman province of Dalmatia, and Domavia (today’s wider area of Srebrenica), as well as the connection with Sirmium, the capital of the province of Pannonia. This road ran from Salona to Duvanjsko polje to Ravanjsko polje then to Gornji Vakuf to Vitez to Busovača to Kiseljak to Sarajevo polje to Romanija along the valley of the Drinjaca River to its firth in the Drina and further upstream the Drina towards Argentari and downstream the Drina to the Sava and Sirmium. Apart from its great economic importance, this road had a special strategic importance for the Roman Empire. The Romans used the Salona-Argentaria road to transport people and various types of goods, and to transfer military units and weapons to the Roman limes in the area of the Danube. The archeological remains of the Salona-Argentaria road in the territory of today’s Bosnia and Herzegovina belong to the category of the earliest monuments of material culture from the Roman period.

Logboats on the Nemunas and Connecting Waterways

Author(s): David Liudvigsen / Language(s): English Issue: 17/2019

The logboat is by many considered to be the earliest ancestor of all modern boats. It has a documented consecutive history in Europe of over 8000 years, and watercraft of more or less similar design remain in use to this day. Logboats are not commonly used in Europe these days, but Lithuania happens to be among the few countries where they still can be found in active use. This can ironically be of negative influence when it comes to protecting and preserving the oldest logboats for the future. Archaeological discoveries of logboats are usually made by the general public, and in order for them to report such a find they must first recognize it as being of potential archaeological or historical value. That may not always be obvious to the person who makes the discovery, regarding the fact that such vessels still an be found in use, and also when taken into consideration the somewhat limited maritime traditions in Lithuania. In other countries where the maritime traditions are stronger we see that not only is there a considerably stronger interest in watercraft, but the number of preserved archaeological finds of logboats are also more numerous. This article gives a general introduction to logboats in general, how they can be constructed and operated, and presents logboat research from other European countries. It further compares Lithuanian logboat finds to those in some other European countries, and analyses the future potential for such archaeological finds in Lithuania. Given the long history of human activity in Lithuania and the favourable conditions for the preservation of logboats in this area, that potential should be significant. And if experiences from other European countries are anything to go by, such future potential logboat discoveries might hold considerable potential in terms of symbolism and identity. Luotas yra visų šiuolaikinių laivų pirmtakas.

Sanayi Devrimi Başlangıcında İstanbul’da Boyacı Esnafı Örneğinde Tekstil Sanayisinin Durumu

Author(s): Tahir Öğüt / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 3/2019

In the Ottoman Empire, the first half of the 18th century was a period of economic development and financial accumulation. In Europe, the industrial revolution is taking place, which will have global consequences. The textile sector stands out as an immersive sector in the industrial revolution. The determination of the developments in the dyeing sector in terms of its direct relationship with Istanbul as a field of activity and the determination of the developments in the textile sector in the Ottoman economy is an explanatory feature. Founded in Istanbul in the 18th century as the mite of the sultan foundations such as the Sultan Ahmet Foundation Library and the Laleli Fountain, the establishment of dyehouses in this period was the public investment as a result of the development in the Istanbul textile sector.

TEORIJA IGARA I EKONOMSKA NAUKA

Author(s): Božo Stojanović / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 2/1997

Among numerous problems od contemporary economics, there is a question on which way is to be explained and formalised behavior of market participants under condition of uncertainty and conflict of interests. Considering economy not as a precise determined apparatus, but as a complex and hardly predictable game including many individuals, the game theory has offered one answer wich have not "firmness" of results in physic having been admired by economists almost during the whole century. The game theory can not be applicable to all problems of economy, but answering many questions it has offfered much more than some defined by standard analitycal approaches.

Monedele din Transilvania medievală reflectate de registrul de dijme papale (1332–1337)

Author(s): Robert-Marius Mihalache / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 58/2019

The topic of the papal tithes is not a new one, as during the last decade various papers have been published within the national historiography, papers which have mainly discussed the tithe register covering six years (1332–1337); the register was compiled by the envoys of Pope John XXII – the tax collectors Jacobus Berengarii and Raimundus de Bonofato. Nonetheless, the monetary aspect was ignored by the same exegeses. For this reason, the current article presents the realities of Transylvanian currency during the first half of 14th century, as reflected in the Papal Tax Register compiled by the collectors of Avignon – Raimundus de Bonofato and Jacobus Berengarii. The act of collecting the taxes across the Hungarian Kingdom, during 1332 and 1337, which compacted and completed the register, had a beneficial role: the “fossilisation” of information related to the monetary system of the Hungarian Kingdom during the fourth decade of 14 th century. There was also a variety of currency in Transylvania, one that did not necessarily represent an advantageous aspect, but rather on the contrary – the extended monetary panel showed an economic stagnation of the region.

„Az Felséged praefecturája szegény hazánknak szabadságinak nagy romlására volt”

Author(s): Petra Mátyás-Rausch / Language(s): Hungarian Issue: 1/2019

We would like to present the Prince’s decisions and motivations in connection with treasury through data collected about a new-old fiscal office: that of the princely prefect. This research is only in its incipient phase as in presenting this office and its duties we can only refer to the incomplete collection of documents regarding Tamás Debreczeni, a princely prefect. In the sources this fiscal office appears as praefectus absolutus, and its most important functions are the following: administration of the estate, administration of the prince’s rights and establishing relations with cities and towns of the Principality of Transylvania. This office was created probably after the Hungarian financial administration system. During our research we could identify a new office, that of the treasury prefect, later referred to as treasurer. We can be sure that this latter one was a permanent office beginning from the late Báthory era and that there was a small size administrative personnel in its subordination.

Reflectând asupra trecutului – privind spre viitor: de la ocaua lui Cuza la constanta lui Planck

Author(s): Adriana Vâlcu / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 1/2019

The paper presents a short history regarding the adoption of the metric system both in the world and Romania, after which the main stages that have underpinned the development of Metrology in our country are reviewed.As a particular case, reference will be made to one of the most important areas of Metrology, with an impressive history - Mass field. As a result, the article aims to be a synthesis of the most important and representative moments from the past and current activity in this field, as well as the evolution of the measurement standards and the methods used in the dissemination of mass unit.Reference will be made to the main measurement units from the Cuza period, after which, as an arch over time, it is related to Planck's constant, according to which the mass unit is defined starting with May 20, 2019.

Tire Dokuma Endüstrisi ve Damga Mukataası (18. Yüzyıl)

Author(s): Mikail Acıpınar / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 1/2019

The agricultural productivity and commercial vitality of Western Anatolia, directly affecting the patterns of textile industry, integrated not only the city centers but also townlets in the countryside to the weaving sector. Tire became one of the few settlements of the region that emerged as a weaving and production center from very early dates. The weavers in the city, engaged in cotton processing, specialized in products such as white cotton cloth, Çine tülbendi, lining, kirpas-ı penbe, alaca, kuşak and waistcloth. In addition to the weaving sector, dyeing process was carried out in the Tire dye-house. Archival documents suggest that Tire became not only a weaving and dyeing center but also a vivid domestic trade market for textile fabrics produced in its vicinity. In the 18th century, the stamp tax, collected from the fabrics produced in Tire, started to be collected as a part of the malikane (life time tax farming) under the name of “Tire ve tevâbi’i bogasi damgası mukataası”. By utilizing Ottoman archival documents, this study shows the development of weaving and dyeing industry in Tire and the process through which the Tire bogasi stamp was farmed out within the malikane system in the 18th century.

ХРОНОЛОГІЯ ЗНАХІДОК В УКРАЇНІ СРІБЛЯНИКІВ ТИПУ IVВОЛОДИМИРА СВЯТОСЛАВИЧА

Author(s): N. S. Moiseenko / Language(s): Russian Issue: 2/2018

In July 2018, a rather significant event happened in medieval numismatics at least, a hundredth IV type srebrenik of Vladimir Svyatoslavich (978–1015) was excavated on the territory of Ukraine. In the Corpus of the oldest Rus’ coins of the X–XI centuries, which was based on the results of the first century of the study of srebreniks, only 25 specimens of Vladimir Svyatoslavich’s type IV coins minted with17 and 18 stamp pairs were taken into account. In the middle of September 2018, it became known about 121coins, which can be classified as authentic, and about a dozen variants of counterfeits of this type, which among the whole quantity of Vladimir srebreniks are the least common.100 pieces from this quantity were found in Ukraine’s territory, 11 srebreniks in Russian Federation,3more coins in the Republic of Belarus, places of discovery for the rest were not yet ascertained, but reliably considerable part of them also can come from findings in Ukraine. Due to almost five fold increase of studying material, it becomes possible to specify metrology,considerably extend topography of coins’ findings, make testing of some specimens. Assays of all examined specimens (including that were earlier considered to be made from base metals), in spite of prevalent opinion,show the presence of silver (from 185 to 960 ‰).M.P. Sotnikova believed that all of the stamps of the Vladimir IV type srebreniks were engraved by one carver (except for the pair of K 174 having the features of “rough and unskillful work”), but nowadays thisstatement does not look so categorical. At the time of the publication of this work, 56 intact or nearly non-damaged srebreniks have been taken into account; data about the mass of the other 11pieces are absent. The average weight standard of the remaining 44 coins is 2.604 ± 0.011 grams. Concerning the time of discovery of describing group of coins it is possible to report that in the 19thcentury srebreniks of IV type of Vladimir Svyatoslavich were found 23 pieces (from them 21 coins come from Nizhynhoard), in the 20th 7specimens and at the beginning of the 21st century 91 coins. Data about the chronology of findings with more granularity were tabulated at the end of the paper.Since the middle of 2000 strong growth of the quantity of finding coins was observed, which topped in2013 (15 coins), whereupon situation became stabilized and recently about ten of srebreniks of the IV typewere found annually. Hence it might be supposed that utter exhaustion of findings will take considerable lapse of time and therefore only recording and systematization of srebreniks should be done now and questions about a probable revision of their classification should be left for following generation of numismatists.Since the publishing of Corpus topography of storage of the IV type of srebreniks of Vladimir also changed. If before 1995 AD 21 coins (from 25 known, i.e. 84%; the rest 4 coins or 16% were undiscovered,including specimen К 175-4, from which only galvanic copy has survived) were stored in state museums, thento the middle of 2018 only 24 coins numbers in state collections (from 121 known ones, i.e. 19,83% or about1/5 of the whole quantity, 4 srebreniks are as before undiscovered (≈ 3,3%), and in private collections are known no less than 93 coins (76,86%, i.e. ¾of the whole body of the IV type srebreniks). Accordingly, the centre of the study of early Rus coins gradually moved from museums to the surroundings of private collecting.From examined 121 early Rus coins only 13 specimens have traces of non-economic usage and on 2 of them, they are possible.The author compiled the table with the given expanded topography of the finds of the type IV srebreniks,also the metrological data of majority known coins were checked up which significantly widened our understanding of Vladimir Svyatoslavich’s monetary emissions.

ПЕЧАТКА ВОЛОДИМИРА ВСЕВОЛОДОВИЧА МОНОМАХА З БІЛОРУСІ

Author(s): Ivan Sintchouk / Language(s): English,Russian,Ukrainian Issue: 2/2018

The work is devoted to the found old Russian seal of Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh, accompanying her three fragments of Western European denarii and the fragment of a silver ingot. The seal, coins and a piece of ingot were found in the Kopyl district of the Minsk region of the Republic of Belarus. Google Maps and a Fly-photo quadcopter give an idea of a site about 20x30 m in size with finds from the old Russian time from the arable layer, its GPS coordinates are 53°11’24.28”N, 27°19’10.15”E. Among the neighboring finds is a bronze horseshoe-shaped fibula with a broken tongue-needle and fragments of brooches, persistent neurons ornamented with rounded dents unclosed rings, a piece of a belt set buckle, ornamented bells with cuts, belt rings and fragments of overlays, round buttons, iron coulter with slotted, iron openers slag. Slag is found with a density of approximately one piece per 5-7 m2. Also nearby were found three fragments of silver West European denarii K. 10 - the first fourth of 11th-century a small stump of a small silver ingot. Seal has the following metric parameters: diameter 24.2-27.2 mm, thickness 2.7-4.5 mm, weight 13.8 g.The weight of identical seals, unlike the diameter specified by the printing matrix, may differ significantly from each other depending on the thickness of the used blanks. The overwhelming majority of the finds of the ancient Russian seals cause the 11th beginning the 12th century. Found seal of the same name, is included in the group of later seals with Russian benevolent inscription. The seals of this type with the name of Vasily and with a benevolent inscription were attributed to Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh in 1928 by N. Likhachev. Vladimir Vsevolodovich Monomakh (1053-1125), at the baptism of Vasily Prince of Rostov (1066-1073), Prince of Smolensk (1073-1078), Chernigov (1078-1094), Pereyaslavsky (1094-1113), Grand Prince of Kiev(1113-1125 ). To this day, the seals with the benevolent inscription of the LORD GIVE HELP TO YOUR SLAVE VASILIY recorded more than 100 copies. In 1978 in the city of Vyshgorod, Kiev region. A seal was found with the same paleographic/personal signs of a matrix pair; it was made by the same cutter. Hoards of «chopped silver» (the so-called Hacksilber) are characteristic of the north-east of Western Europe to 11 early 12 century. The practice of using chopped weight silver (including coins) primarily widely spread in Scandinavia, which is also notable for the abundance of finds of small folding scales in bronze bowl-shaped cases. Weights and scales for small weighings with a folding beam spread over a large territory of Europe as an inevitable companion of «chopped silver» and a necessary attribute of the merchant. In our opinion, healthy pragmatism can be seen in the grinding of coins - in this way it was possible to avoid imitations in base metal or low-grade coins since the core of the coin was visible in the fracture. After grinding, all fragments acquired an individual form, which made it difficult to counterfeit coin fragments, andthe remains of the image, in turn, were another guarantee for the good quality of the metal. The oldest coin is a small fragment of the West European denarius of the city of Magdeburg Otto III (983-1002), more precisely, to the royal period of 983-996. (Dbg. 639). The second coin is a fragment of the anonymous denarius of Magdeburg (Dbg. 643). German researcher Christoph Kilger calls Archbishop Gizelkhar (981-1004) a possible issuer and dates this type to about 995-1000. The youngest is a fragment of the denarius of Esslingen Henry II (1002-1024) (Dbg. 951). It is suggested that the protective practice of mass cutting of denarii («chopped silver») is expedient. A chopped (more precisely, chopped-broken) fragment of a silver ingot has a weight of 1.4 g, a height of 4.8 mm, and a cross section of 11x6.6 mm. Perhaps this is a fragment of the Lithuanian payment rod-like ingot, which appeared in the middle of the 13th century. The authors discuss the localization of the treasure of the Western European denarii Ludvishche (1934) with the date of concealment on the youngest coin of 1060-1065, which is significant for the periodization, andwhich with equal probability can be attributed to both Belarusian and Ukrainian territory. The authors discuss the localization of the treasure of Western European denarii Ludvishche (1934) that is significant for the periodization, with the date of concealment on the youngest coin of 1060-1065, which with equal probability can be attributed to both Belarusian and Ukrainian territory. Both single and pantries Belarusian finds of recent years show that the upper limit of the period should be considered as middle 11thcentury. It is known that at a distance of 5 km from the location of the seal and denarii in 2018, a fragment of ½ dirham with an unreadable date was found: Samanids, Samarkand, Ahmad ibn Ismail 295-301 A.H. (907-914 A.D.). The random discovery of a dirham at a relatively short distance from fragments of denarii is interesting in that pieces of dirhams and Western European denarii in treasures occur together in the 10th - beginning of the 11th century. As shown by the coin treasures of the turn of the 11-12th centuries while being in their composition of coins to the end of 10th century beg. the 11th century they have significantly their superior number of coins in the middle of the 11th century, and even more coins to the end of the 11th century. If the found fragments were a part of the coins in circulation or a part of a hoard of a later time, they would be more likely to be a second part of the 11th century. It seems most likely that the found fragments of coins come from a certain complex of the beginning of the 11th century. Found in close proximity to the print last thirds 11 first fourth of the 12th-century fragments of Western European denarii of the turn of the 10-11th centuries (so-called Hacksilber) most likely not related to simultaneous existence. Discovered objects mark a settlement of 11-14 centuries. Discovered objects mark a settlement of 11-14 centuries.