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Theories and practices of communication: 2 Cover Image

Teorie i praktyki komunikacji: 2
Theories and practices of communication: 2

Contributor(s): Anna Barańska-Szmitko (Editor), Anita Filipczak-Białkowska (Editor)
Subject(s): Language and Literature Studies, Studies of Literature, Scientific Life
Published by: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Keywords: communication; communicational grammar; Grażyna Habrajska
Summary/Abstract: The substantive and methodological diversity of the volume creates a rich and coherent mosaic of today's communicology as a discipline and as knowledge about communication developed in other disciplines. The book includes chapters whose authors undertake the problems of the rudiments of communication sciences and media as well as the analyses pf various spaces of communication. The cognitive function has been superbly realized: the individual studies are novel, innovative, they balance well between scientific tradition and the pursuit of new ways, solutions, approaches. It is impossible to ignore their educational influence on students and young researchers.

Series: Uniwersytet Łódzki

  • E-ISBN-13: 978-83-8331-182-1
  • Print-ISBN-13: 978-83-8331-181-4
  • Page Count: 660
  • Publication Year: 2023
  • Language: Polish
Wprowadzenie

Wprowadzenie
(Wprowadzenie)

  • Author(s):Anna Barańska-Szmitko, Anita Filipczak-Białkowska
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Studies of Literature, Editorial
  • Page Range:9-18
  • No. of Pages:10
Wykaz prac naukowych autorstwa Grażyny Habrajskiej

Wykaz prac naukowych autorstwa Grażyny Habrajskiej
(Wykaz prac naukowych autorstwa Grażyny Habrajskiej)

  • Author(s):Anna Barańska-Szmitko, Anita Filipczak-Białkowska
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Scientific Life, Philology
  • Page Range:19-28
  • No. of Pages:10
Profesor Grażynie panegiryk współczesny

Profesor Grażynie panegiryk współczesny
(Contemporary panegyric for Professor Grażyna)

  • Author(s):Krzysztof Grzegorzewski
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Fine Arts / Performing Arts, Scientific Life
  • Page Range:29-30
  • No. of Pages:2
Zaskakujące tematy w „Sonderliche polnisch-deutsche Missiven” Johannesa Ernestiego

Zaskakujące tematy w „Sonderliche polnisch-deutsche Missiven” Johannesa Ernestiego
(Suprising topics in „Sonderliche polnisch-deutsche Missiven”  by Johannes Ernesti)

  • Author(s):Anna Dąbrowska
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:31-38
  • No. of Pages:8
  • Keywords:teaching Polish as a foreign language; stencil of letters; the history of teaching Polish as a foreign language
  • Summary/Abstract:The text deals with five letters from Sonderliche Polnisch-Deutsche Missiven und Zuschrifften… by Johannes Ernesti, published in Leszno at the beginning of the 18th century (1705). Interest in them was caused by their subject, unusual for letters used in teaching foreigners Polish correspondence. These are topics about marital infidelity, torturing witches, asking for a speedy death of a criminal, certificates of virtuous birth and ordering a new carriage. These texts are an interesting information about a Baroque customs and mentality, but they differ from typical merchant letters. 
Męskoosobowość semantyczna a gramatyczna. Próba uporządkowania

Męskoosobowość semantyczna a gramatyczna. Próba uporządkowania
(Masculine Personal Gender)

  • Author(s):Jacek Perlin
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:39-44
  • No. of Pages:6
  • Keywords:masculine gender; linguistic correctness; semantic vs. grammatical gender
  • Summary/Abstract:This paper examines the problems associated with the meaning, syntax and use of the masculine personal nouns. It presents selected groups of masculine nouns defining men, heterogenous groups unspecifying sex, describing mythological characters etc. Examples of conjunctions are also given, for instance dual-gender personal and dual-gender interspecific of part-masculine personal nouns (cham, grubas), and the untypical combination of female sex person and inanimate masculine gender object. Attention is brought to the problems connected with the usage of nouns denoting titles (eminencja) and dual-gender nouns (sierota). The results of the analysis indicate that the masculine personal gender is a grammatical category which is logically very inconsequential. Due to its unstable linguistic norm and troubles with usus, the users avoid certain phrases in order not to make an error or just not knowing the correct form.
Funkcja dystynktywna miejsca akcentu w wyrażeniach syntagmatycznych

Funkcja dystynktywna miejsca akcentu w wyrażeniach syntagmatycznych
(The distinctive function of the place of stress in Polish in the light of some facts of the syntactic phonetic of borrowings)

  • Author(s):Jacek Perlin
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:45-48
  • No. of Pages:4
  • Keywords:stress; functions of stress place
  • Summary/Abstract:The main goal of this article is to demonstrate that – in spite of the published descriptions – the place of the stress in Polish can have, in special conditions, a distinctive function. In the realization of borrowings from foreign languages which have a similar phonetic construction to native or completely assimilated ones it can happen that two words differing only in the place of stress appear in the system. The distinctive function can also appear, being even more evident, in syntagmatic constructions, where it is a result of delimitative function of the place of stress.
Społeczeństwo spektaklu i ulotna moderna (poetyka recenzji)

Społeczeństwo spektaklu i ulotna moderna (poetyka recenzji)
(The Society of the Spectacle and Liquid Surveillance)

  • Author(s):Michael Fleischer
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Media studies, Communication studies, Theory of Communication
  • Page Range:49-85
  • No. of Pages:37
  • Keywords:Society of the Spectacle; Artificial intelligence; GAFAM
  • Summary/Abstract:In 1967, a book by Guy Debord called "La Société du spectacle" came out in France, which after almost a year became the manifesto and bible of Generation 68, the 1968 student revolt, whose diagnosis of the then version of capitalism the youth considered the negative basis of the revolt. More than 50 years later, another book on the same subject appeared, growing out of an analysis of the current state ofcapitalism and its social systems, providing a diagnosis of this state. This book, a transcript of a dialogue between Zygmunt Bauman and David Lyon under the title "Liquid Surveillance," starts from the concept of the surveillance we are subjected to by large capital and market organizations of the GAFAM type.
Komunikologia – nauka otwarta. Zagrożenia i możliwości poznawcze

Komunikologia – nauka otwarta. Zagrożenia i możliwości poznawcze
(Communicology - open science. Cognitive threats and opportunities)

  • Author(s):Eliza Grzelak
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:87-105
  • No. of Pages:19
  • Keywords:comunicology; trandusciplinary science; ecolinguistics
  • Summary/Abstract:The author of the article entitled Communicology - open science. Cognitive threats and opportunities, proves that communicology as a science has been accepted by scientists, but it is still in the epistemologization phase. Doubts may be raised by the lack of a uniform methodology, and lack of the necessary set of concepts. According to the author, it is difficult to develop an adequate description method for such a wide range of issues and research. The thesis that communicology is an open, interdisciplinary, and increasingly transdisciplinary science seems more correct. According to the author, contrary to the theory of science, without developing a single system of concepts and its own methodology, crossing the boundaries of disciplines and fields, it opens up much wider cognitive possibilities for its researchers, responding to the challenges of the modern world. Due to its complexity and comprehensiveness of research tasks, it reflects the speed and scope of the ongoing changes, efficiently responds to new problems and challenges.
Antoni Krasnowolski – dziewiętnastowieczny protokomunikatywista?

Antoni Krasnowolski – dziewiętnastowieczny protokomunikatywista?
(Antoni Krasnowolski – nineteenth-century proto-communicativist?)

  • Author(s):Piotr Lewiński
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:107-125
  • No. of Pages:19
  • Keywords:grammar; grammarians; history; 19th century; communicativism
  • Summary/Abstract:Communicative grammar introduces functional criteria for distinguishing parts of speech. Similar criteria can be found in the nineteenth-century grammar of Antoni Krasnowolski. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate to what extent Krasnowolski's grammar was a new, coherent and, from a contemporary point of view, functional approach. I compare Krasnowolski’s perspective and the communicative approach of A. Awdiejew and G. Habrajska to selected issues, such as: predicates, metapredicates and predicatives, non-inflectional verbs, adjectives, case functions (on the example of the genitive), temporal updaters, interactive operators called by the author "formal adverbs". I also show how intuition allowed the author of Systematic Syntax to see the problem regarding the divergence of form and function, a phenomenon that is currently described as isomorphic and non-isomorphic forms.
O Panu Tadeuszu inaczej. Dyskurs o potrawach, kuchni i kulturze narodowej

O Panu Tadeuszu inaczej. Dyskurs o potrawach, kuchni i kulturze narodowej
("Pan Tadeusz" Differently. Food, Cuisine and National Culture Discourse)

  • Author(s):Iwona Nowakowska-Kempna, Sandra Camm
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:127-144
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Keywords:cognitive poetics; anthropological poetics; discourse; cultural scripts
  • Summary/Abstract:The article discusses the importance and role of Pan Tadeusz in the cultural and literary discourse on the Polish nobility, initiated by Mikołaj Rej and Jan Kochanowski. The author bases her analysis on ‘songs’ and ‘culinary culture’, the former symbolizing tradition, identity, history and the defense of the Republic of Poland and the latter embodying prosperous court life: hunting and feasting. The multiple dimensions of feasts highlight the aspects of family and social life and the nature of the discussion on national affairs and defense policy.
Tekstowe obrazy świata - nie tylko dla medioznawców

Tekstowe obrazy świata - nie tylko dla medioznawców
(Textual worldview - not only for media experts)

  • Author(s):Ryszard Tokarski
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:145-161
  • No. of Pages:17
  • Keywords:lexical semantics; pragmalinguistics; linguistics worldview; textual worlsview; culture; text
  • Summary/Abstract:The article is a short review of the origins, Polish research tradition and the theory of linguistic and textual worldviews. It used to say that worldview that can be identified in language mirrors tradition, national culture, categorisational and axiological systems etc. On the other hand, linguistic worldview are dynamic and keep changing because of a variability and instability of possible perspectives, ideological differentiation of societies, media making the current truth competitive to scientific knowledge, human inclination towards creative thinking etc. In this sense, linguistic worldview depends on communicative intentions, which is who (an individual of authority, a homogenous group) communicates what to whom and for what persuasive effect. This all can be found in texts. If so, firstly, the primary reality as well as empirical basis in examining linguistic exponents of human thinking must be textual worldviews. Secondly, the potential shape od these textual images appears to be a specific derivative of an interaction between the addresser and the addressee, or of the addresser`s making the addressee accept a certain worldview. Thus, the conception of textual images bridges, or brings together, semantics and pragmalinguistics. Textual worldview indicate a new pragmalinguistic research perspective.
Jak rozmawiać z psem?

Jak rozmawiać z psem?
(How to talk to a dog?)

  • Author(s):Jolanta Antas
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:163-178
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:communication; interspecies dialogue; nonverbal communication; dog
  • Summary/Abstract:The article deals with techniques and ways to properly communicate with a dog, demonstrating the special role of nonverbal communication in this regard. It also shows the basic errors in the way of verbal language and the dog's ability to perceive syntactically complex phrases.
Kartonowe wojny słowne na Marszach Kobiet

Kartonowe wojny słowne na Marszach Kobiet
(Cardboard word wars at Women's Marches)

  • Author(s):Jolanta Antas, Jakub Pstrąg
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:179-196
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Keywords:językoznawstwo kognitywne; domeny; amalgamaty; teoria relewancji; strajk kobiet
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of our article is an attempt at a linguistic analysis of selected slogans accompanying the protests during the so-called Women's Strike at the turn of 2020 and 2021. What struck us when analyzing the slogans of the marches was not only their great diversity, but also the linguistic, cultural, social and historical awareness of young people on the one hand, and on the other hand - the ability to creatively use the potential of language. The tools we have used for analysis are the phenomena of conceptual blending and cognitive domain, postulated by cognitive linguistics, for creating and understanding complex texts of a metaphorical nature. In addition, we also refer to relevance theory and multimodal analysis of the cultural texts we recorded.
Szkic o naturze komunikowania – od samozwrotności do manipulacji

Szkic o naturze komunikowania – od samozwrotności do manipulacji
(An outline of the nature of communication – from self-reflexivity to manipulation)

  • Author(s):Wiesław Czechowski
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:197-209
  • No. of Pages:13
  • Keywords:interaction; social communication; interpersonal communication; pragmatics; persuasion; manipulation
  • Summary/Abstract:The article describes the nature of the social and interpersonal communication. It contains various analysis of the foundations (causes, sources) of the communication process, as well as its course and effects. There are different elements from diverse concepts which are used, e.g. constructivism, communicative grammar, rhetoric, psychology (theory of needs and motivation), illocutionary theory. Communication is treated both as an individual performative act as well as a set of repetitive strategies of interaction, with a particular emphasis on the possibility of persuasion and manipulation. The process of communication is a modus that constructs the reality in which individuals function in numerous roles and social systems
Komunikacyjna analiza funkcji operatora ‘i to’ oraz jego implementacja na przykładzie “Pożegnania jesieni” Stanisława Ignacego Witkiewicza

Komunikacyjna analiza funkcji operatora ‘i to’ oraz jego implementacja na przykładzie “Pożegnania jesieni” Stanisława Ignacego Witkiewicza
(Communication analysis of the function of the 'i to' operator and its’ implementation in the novel of Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz's "Farewell to Autumn")

  • Author(s):Wiesław Czechowski
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:211-232
  • No. of Pages:22
  • Keywords:communicative grammar; syntax; pragmatics; text organization; content organization operator; Witkacy
  • Summary/Abstract:The article contains the results of the study of the functions performed by the phrase 'i to' in verbal messages. The methodology of communicative grammar was used in the study. The first part of the work contains a language system analysis. The phrase 'i to' at the content organization level acts as an addition operator. What draws attention is the functional diversity of the added content. They are both the updaters of ideational images, as well as selected arguments and secondary (meta)verbs. The main role of the analyzed phrase is to indicate that the content that follows is important and even crucial for the correct and complete interpretation of the content of the message. Its use serves the gradation of emotions and has a persuasive function. In the second part of the article, there is an examination of the use of the 'i to' operator in constructing the content of a literary text in the novel by Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz "Farewell to Autumn". It should be emphasized that the use of the operator 'i to' in this author's prose is a kind of repetitive technique of the content organization. Creative substitutions of arguments and secondary verbs which specify them, as well as metaverbs requiring an interpretation effort, draw attention. Messages with the phrase 'i to' are accompanied by a valuation, which reflects the emotional states experienced by the characters in the novel.
Emocje jako źródło i skutek komunikowania

Emocje jako źródło i skutek komunikowania
(Emotions as a source and effect of communication)

  • Author(s):Zbigniew Nęcki
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Psychology, Social psychology and group interaction
  • Page Range:233-247
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Keywords:emotions; social context ; interaction
  • Summary/Abstract:The article contains an overview of the situations and linguistic contexts that shape emotions as an element of social communication processes, and not just a private, individually experienced mental state dependent on the neurophysiology of the brain and the play of hormones. Emotions are the reason for interaction and are the result of interacting with others. Negotiating the meanings of the behavior of people, all social and physical objects through emotional expressions is essential for social contacts, emotions result from relationships and shape these relationships. They are a phenomenon of social life expected in typical situations of everyday life and in situations of specific cultural rituals in which participants are obliged to appropriate emotional expressions.
Język jako instrukcja obsługi

Język jako instrukcja obsługi
(Language as the user’s manual)

  • Author(s):Elżbieta Tabakowska
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:249-259
  • No. of Pages:11
  • Keywords:competence; conceptualisation; conventionalisation; intersubjectivity; metaphor; metonymy
  • Summary/Abstract:The author proposes that language be considered in terms of the user’s manual – both as a description of the instrument and as a set of instructions concerning its actual use. Assuming that the main function of man-created language is the description of man’s world, the argument follows the cognitive theory of language, stating that information processing which underlies language is embodied, embedded and enacted, and the fundamental property of language is its metonymic character. “The user’s manual of language” builds upon background knowledge, which enables proper completion of metonimies, which conditions understanding of messages. Discussing criteria used to differentiate between “literary” and “nonliterary” language within the proposed framework, the author analyses a number od examples to support the statement that cognition – also cognition via language – is embodied, embedded and enacted, an thus it crucially involves man’s interaction with the environment, as well as human affects and emotions. It cannot be objective, and the difference between “common language” and ”literary/poetic language” being quantitative rather than qualitative, it is a matter of degree.
Komunikologia znaturalizowana

Komunikologia znaturalizowana
(Communicology Naturalized)

  • Author(s):Jan Pleszczyński
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Communication studies
  • Page Range:261-276
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:philosophy of communication; communicology; naturalism; ratiomorphism; technoratiomorphism
  • Summary/Abstract:In the article, I present an outline of a certain philosophical theory of communication; I call it naturalized communicology. This concept heavily emphasizes biological determinants of communication, which are always present in communication processes and phenomena. My goal is to show that contemporary communication—which is becoming more and more connected with modern media technologies—is conducive to, and acts as a catalyst for, a manifestation of surplus ratiomorphism (a term I borrowed from Konrad Lorenz’s evolutionary epistemology) in the human world. Online hate, fake news, post-truth, and even the “publish or perish” principle can be treated as corollaries of this ratiomorphic surplus. At the same time, I indicate that a brand new phenomenon, unknown in the pre-Internet epochs of communication, is manifesting in the sphere of intersubjectivity. Through analogy to the biological ratiomorphism, I call this phenomenon technoratiomorphism or technological ratiomorphism, because it transpires that the mechanisms modern digital technologies are based on show a lot of analogies with ratiomorphic mechanisms.
De)putinizacja – ideologem hasłowy we współczesnym dyskursie medialnym

De)putinizacja – ideologem hasłowy we współczesnym dyskursie medialnym
((De)putinisation - ideologeme-slogan in contemporary media discourse)

  • Author(s):Krzysztof Ozga
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:277-302
  • No. of Pages:26
  • Keywords:putinisation; deputinisation; linguistic ideologeme; ideologeme-slogan; media discourse; liberal democracy; illiberal democracy; ideological contrasting; political linguistics
  • Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this article is to present the functioning of the neologisms putinization and deputinization in contemporary media discourse. The first step was to identify the factor that contributed to the popularity of putinization in discourse and to review the occurrences of this term in the narrative devoted to the countries in which socio-political transformations triggered its use in the media. Next, an attempt was made to define the neologism in contrast to the notion of putinism and to identify its function as an ideologeme with the characteristics of a slogan – for this purpose the term ideologeme- slogan was introduced in order to denote these types of words. The last section discusses the discursive distribution of the noun deputinisation from the perspective of ideological contrasting. Its peculiarity lies primarily in the creation of an additional line of contrasting in some antagonistic narratives in Polish media discourse.
Rama hejtu w "Wiadomościach" TVP. Studium przypadków

Rama hejtu w "Wiadomościach" TVP. Studium przypadków
(The hate frame in "Wiadomości" TVP. Case studies)

  • Author(s):Marek Palczewski
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Communication studies
  • Page Range:303-320
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Keywords:hate frame; hate speech;news; propaganda; discrimination; public television (TVP)
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of the article is to conceptualize and operationalize a new news frame, so far absent in the media studies - the hate frame, and to show how it is used in the news programs of the public television (in "Wiadomości" TVP). The analyzed definitions of hate speech show that its essence is xenophobic, racist, anti-Semitic, anti-immigrant and intolerant opinions, emphasizing negative stereotypes about the attacked individuals and groups. As a result, they can lead to acts of hatred against specific social groups, national or sexual minorities. I assumed that the hate frame in the news uses hate speech, becoming a tool for the communication strategy of political propaganda. The hate frame refers to stereotypes, prejudices, feelings of hatred and contempt for groups/people/people perceived as culturally, racially, religiously, or morally different, arousing the recipients' resentment towards them. The presented and analyzed examples in the news program of the public television (TVP) confirm the assumed hypothesis about the existence of a specific frame of hate, different from other frames. Its form consists in the use of specific linguistic and visual means. It refers to topics that cause tensions and social emotions, such as issues of LGBT+, the Women's Strike or immigrants from the Middle East. What characterizes the hate frame is its political instrumentalization, which has made the public media a tool of propaganda and manipulation.
Kompozycja oparta na bliskości przestrzennej i podobieństwie jako narzędzie perswazji wizualnej

Kompozycja oparta na bliskości przestrzennej i podobieństwie jako narzędzie perswazji wizualnej
(Visual composition based on spatial proximity and similarity rules as a persuasion tool)

  • Author(s):Zofia Władyka-Łuczak, Karolina Dobrosz-Michiewicz
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Theology and Religion
  • Page Range:321-341
  • No. of Pages:21
  • Keywords:visual persuasion; composition rules;; visual communication; cognitive psychology
  • Summary/Abstract:The article presents the analysis of visual persuasion from the point of view of the rules of entries on the so-called. Gestalt rules. In the course of qualitative visual analyzes of Paco Rabanne's One Million perfume advertisement, it was shown that the composition of the service of film frames is governed by two rules: grouping by proximity and grouping by similarity, thanks to which their management of the visual processes is observed around the two main characters of the spot: the perfume bottle and its user . Thus, it has been proven that by means of simple visual means: points and lines visible on the screen of the image, at the level of the visual code, the overarching goal of the advertising message, i.e. the persuasive goal, can be seen.
Creative i non-fiction writing, czyli o kompendiach pisarskich Remigiusza Mroza i Mariusza Szczygła w kontekście retorycznym

Creative i non-fiction writing, czyli o kompendiach pisarskich Remigiusza Mroza i Mariusza Szczygła w kontekście retorycznym
(Creative and non-fiction writing, that is,the writing compendia of Remigiusz Mróz and Mariusz Szczygieł in the rhetorical context)

  • Author(s):Barbara Bogołębska
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Studies of Literature
  • Page Range:343-349
  • No. of Pages:7
  • Keywords:creative writing; non-fiction writing; rhetoric; novel; reportage; guidebooks
  • Summary/Abstract:R .Mróz and M. Szczygieł are both authors of guidebooks who can help you formulate rules of writing and text creation techniques. These guidebooks are beneficial in terms of rhetorical references:inventio-dispositio-elocutio;topoi,persuasion,mimesis,homo rhetoricus.
Sandomierzanie i Sympatycy Sandomierza – charakterystyka funkcji internetowej grupy dyskusyjnej zrzeszającej miłośników Sandomierza. Analiza za lata 2010-2022

Sandomierzanie i Sympatycy Sandomierza – charakterystyka funkcji internetowej grupy dyskusyjnej zrzeszającej miłośników Sandomierza. Analiza za lata 2010-2022
(Sandomierz Inhabitants and Sandomierz Symphatizer - characteristics of the function of an internet discussion group associating fans of Sandomierz. Analysis for the years 2010-2022)

  • Author(s):Joanna Mikosz
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Communication studies
  • Page Range:351-379
  • No. of Pages:29
  • Keywords:Media of Sandomierz; internet discussion group; fuctions of the internet discussion group; social media features; internet genres
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of the article is to present the function of the discussion group Sandomierz Inhabitants and Sandomierz Symphatizerin the years 2010-2022. The task set by the author of the text was to analyze and describe the roles performed by this discussion group and to determine which of these functions are the most important and what are their significance for the community centered around this group. The article has been divided into two parts. The first presents the history and principles of the group's activities, while the second describes its functions. This was done using the classification created by Agnieszka Smalec and Leszek Gracz. In the course of the research, it was established that the task of the group was to share resources, strive for cooperation and co-creation, invite to discuss and develop communication, publish and present views, and refer to news and keep informed.
Kilka uwag o poprawności politycznej w kontekście zagadnienia seksualności. Perspektywa lacanowska

Kilka uwag o poprawności politycznej w kontekście zagadnienia seksualności. Perspektywa lacanowska
(A few remarks on political correctness in the context of sexuality. Lacanian perspective)

  • Author(s):Marek Ostrowski
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Studies of Literature
  • Page Range:381-398
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Keywords:Political correctness; Lacan's theory; postmodernism; political culture
  • Summary/Abstract:This article analyzes the issue of political correctness. The problem of so-called real sexuality is fundamental in this sense. Political correctness in the area of sexuality appears as an attempt to regulate what is instinctive and therefore not subject to rule. The Lacanian model of the subverted subject reminds us again and again that there is a fundamental discrepancy between the issues and problems perceived by a stable subject seeking logos and creating its sense of meaning in this field and the real (and thus devoid of reflection from a hermeneutical distance) course of life understood as purposeful in itself. It is worth noting that unconventional sexuality (homosexuality, etc.) is gaining more and more political significance over time. Of course, it is not directly related to political decisions, but it significantly affects the practice of politics and related phenomena such as political strategies or exerting influence.
Wizerunek kierunku dziennikarstwo i komunikacja społeczna prowadzonego przez UŁ (DiKS UŁ) w oczach absolwentów

Wizerunek kierunku dziennikarstwo i komunikacja społeczna prowadzonego przez UŁ (DiKS UŁ) w oczach absolwentów
(The image of the journalism and social communication at the University of Lodz)

  • Author(s):Agnieszka Barczyk-Sitkowska
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Communication studies
  • Page Range:399-412
  • No. of Pages:14
  • Keywords:graduates; image; journalism and social communication; survey; University of Lodz
  • Summary/Abstract:Prof. Grażyna Habrajska is one of the people who created the journalism and social communication at the University of Lodz in 2007. The aim of the article is to explore the image of DiKS UŁ among graduates who started their studies in 2007–2009. 52 people participated in the survey. They shared their memories from the period of studies, described DiKS UŁ by means of adjectives, estimated its infrastructure, program and academic lecturers. On the basis of the collected data, a multidimensional picture of DiKS UŁ was created.
Milczący sens horyzontu poznawczo-performatywnego

Milczący sens horyzontu poznawczo-performatywnego
(The Silent Meaning of the Cognitive-Performative Horizon)

  • Author(s):Mariusz Bartosiak
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Theology and Religion
  • Page Range:413-421
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:meaning of action; meaning of life; unconscious mind; tacit knowledge; cognitive-performative horizon
  • Summary/Abstract:The article presents the discussion which begins with a semantic clarification of the Polish terms of ‘sens’ [meaning] and ‘znaczenie’ [reference] in Polish linguistic usus, starting with the basic dictionary and corpus-based determinations, which indicate the subjective dominant element of ‘sens’ and the objective dominant element of ‘znaczenie’. Next, the author indicated the elements of philosophical discourse (J. Bocheński, J. Hartman, T. Komendziński), which defined additional conditions of meaning as “the meaning of life” and “meaning of action” and which emphasise the subjective and performative nature of meaning, particularly associated with the expressions “meaning of life”. The philosophical context of the discussion was supported by the findings of cognitive sciences which refer to the impact of the subconscious and its cognitive-performative potential introduced using the categories of the “unconscious mind” (L. Mlodinow) and “tacit knowledge” (M. Polanyi). The final part of the discussion was mainly devoted to the concept of the “cognitive-performative horizon”, it emphasised the dominant impact of the unconscious dimension of individual knowledge about existence and action in the world for meaning-building cognitive and performative activities.
Perswazja a implikacja

Perswazja a implikacja
(Persuasion and implication)

  • Author(s):Aleksander Kiklewicz
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Communication studies
  • Page Range:423-447
  • No. of Pages:25
  • Keywords:pragmatics; communication; marketing communication; persuasion; stimulating speech acts; implication; anchoring effect
  • Summary/Abstract:The author considers the pragmatic aspects of persuasive discourses (in various spheres of communication, especially in marketing), treating persuasion as stimulating verbal behavior. The concept proposed in the article consists in treating persuasion as a verbal or non-verbal influence on the beliefs and attitudes of the addressees, realized only with the use of indirect means. Therefore, argumentation based on implication mechanisms plays a decisive role in this process. The author distinguishes between two types of such mechanisms when the starting point of implication is semantic or pragmatic information. Both phenomena are described in separate chapters, the author takes into account the empirical material – examples from the field of marketing communication.
O idei prawdy

O idei prawdy
(About the idea of truth)

  • Author(s):Dobrosław Bagiński
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Language studies, Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:449-458
  • No. of Pages:10
  • Keywords:social communication; language; truth; meaning
  • Summary/Abstract:Communication between people is based mainly on symbols. This is speech, gestic-ulation and artificial visual systems. Symbols transmit factual past and future states as well as views and entire narratives, filling people's minds with an equivalent reality. For a symbolic system to work, its users must share knowledge of the code or lan-guage with others. The second necessary condition is mutually sharing the belief that symbols do not lie and do not confuse but convey the truth. While the first condition belongs to the order of knowledge, the second belongs to the order of faith. Truth is the idea sine qua non of symbolic communication, because symbolic expressions appear as if in the name of hard facts or judgments and statements of other people. But truth is more than an idea. It is a useful myth that stabilizes and at the same time corrects and develops humanity. Living in the myth of truth that we carry within us makes us able to give meaning to all verbal and picture messages we exchange with each other, and it is this myth that tells us what is true and what is not. This text will be about how people use the idea of truth and how this idea has become a tool for multiplying knowledge or deception in human communities. In other words - the idea of truth as a regulator of relations and communication processes, and more generally - of social processes.But there will be nothing here about what truth itself is. Because the truth is the truth.
Maksymilian Wołoszyn – Wiktor Woroszylski (tłumaczenie z przełożenia)

Maksymilian Wołoszyn – Wiktor Woroszylski (tłumaczenie z przełożenia)
(Maximilian Voloshin – Wiktor Woroszylski (translation from translation))

  • Author(s):Anna Bednarczyk
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Studies of Literature
  • Page Range:459-473
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Keywords:translation; Wiktor Woroszylski; Maximilian Voloshin; poetry; cycle
  • Summary/Abstract:The article considers Wiktor Woroszylski's translation of Maximilian Voloshin's poem Написание о царях московских, which is in itself a kind of translation of Ivan Katyrev-Rostovsky's poem into contemporary Russian. The 1626 original includes characters of Russian tsars and the events related to them, and the entirety is built in accordance with the "matrioshka structure" (a series of stories that are links in a poetic chain). The "translation" basically reproduces the character of the original text. However, there are also features typical for Wołoszyn's work, such as the presence of Old Church Slavonicisms, outdated lexis and forms, as well as intertextual references. What is also worth paying attention is the rhythmic composition of both texts, which is conducive to melorecitation. Both the characteristic features of the work from 1626 and the features of Voloshin's work undoubtedly influenced the Polish version of the text. The analysis proved that the semantic and stylistic plane of the poem translated by Woroszylski were substantially preserved. At the same time, the translator made use of the possibilities offered by the Polish language, primarily the functional equivalents. He has also reproduced the non-numerical structure of the poem but with the use of Polish characteristics of free verse. The transmission of intertextual references present in Voloshin seems to be the least successful here. The analysis conducted has proven that thanks to the strategy adopted by Woroszylski, the Polish reader understands he has a historically stylized text in front of his eyes and accepts its form. In addition, it has allowed us to look at the translation of a particular composition, that a poetic cycle is.
Kto ma naprawić świat? Ciąg dalszy. Wyniki ankiety na temat globalnego ocieplenia oraz szczytu klimatycznego COP26 w Glasgow wśród osób studiujących

Kto ma naprawić świat? Ciąg dalszy. Wyniki ankiety na temat globalnego ocieplenia oraz szczytu klimatycznego COP26 w Glasgow wśród osób studiujących
(Who shall repair the world? Sequel. Research outcomes on the issue of global warming and climate summit COP26 in Glasgow among students)

  • Author(s):Annette Siemes
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language studies, Language and Literature Studies
  • Page Range:475-502
  • No. of Pages:28
  • Keywords:climate change; global warming; social communication research; transformation design; communication design
  • Summary/Abstract:The article presents the outcomes of a questionnaire research among students on the occasion of the climate summit COP26 in Glasgow in November 2021. The survey concerned the awareness of the event and sources mentioned in this context as well as the general relevance of the issue of climate change from the perspective of young persons and the question, who in their opinion should change something to limit climate change. The aim of the survey research was (beyond information gathering) to analyse, in what way we are able to refer to such a complex question as climate change and how the character of media sources currently used by young persons interacts with the process of generating awareness of this existential issue. Due to the research method and mostly open-ended questions the analysed data material allows to observe in which way the character of the communication process and its current condition shape the possibility of referring to the issue of climate change on the level of social communication. This allows to draw conclusions concerning the interaction between the sphere of social communication and (the possible contribution of) communication design for introducing change into the social context.
Bolesław Leśmian i problemy komunikacji

Bolesław Leśmian i problemy komunikacji
(Bolesław Leśmian and the problems of communication)

  • Author(s):Jakub Z. Lichański
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Studies of Literature
  • Page Range:503-518
  • No. of Pages:16
  • Keywords:Bolesław Leśmian; Dziewczyna (Girl); Przygody Sindbada Żeglarza (The Adventures of Sinbad the Sailor); Virgil; Ovid; Adam Asnyk; Wiktor Gomulicki; Stefan Lichański; philology; communicativism
  • Summary/Abstract:The subject of the considerations will be one poem by Bolesław Leśmian, Dziewczyna (Girl) from the volume Napój cienisty (A shady/umbrageous drink.). The interpretations and descriptions of this piece so far seem insufficient to me. Their authors did not take into account quite trivial problems, namely - the issue of communication. After all, it is a statement, or rather a message that carries specific content and refers to some prior knowledge of the recipient. This knowledge is based on the classical tradition (Virgil, Ovid), but it refers to certain themes known and from the work of Leśmian himself, eg The Adventures of Sinbad the Sailor, but also appearing in the works of his contemporaries (eg W. Gomulicki, A. Asnyk). Hence the necessity to use the classical tools of the philological method.The message is structured in a fairly simple line, but it can be problematic if we analyze it briefly. Communicative tools allow for its precise description.The piece itself is an implementation of the so-called The ballad worldview already described by Stefan Lichański. At the same time, The Girl (Dziewczyna) is not a denial of the value of dreams; it only warns that not all of them are feasible. You have to choose the dream gate carefully.
Dziennikarstwo, komunikacja społeczna, media – co dalej? Strategie nazewnicze kierunków studiów jako odzwierciedlenie rozwoju dyscypliny

Dziennikarstwo, komunikacja społeczna, media – co dalej? Strategie nazewnicze kierunków studiów jako odzwierciedlenie rozwoju dyscypliny
(Journalism, social communication, media - what next? Naming strategies of fields of study as a reflection of discipline development)

  • Author(s):Kamil Olender, Michał Grech
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Communication studies
  • Page Range:519-536
  • No. of Pages:18
  • Keywords:journalism; social communication; media; studies; naming
  • Summary/Abstract:The main problem undertaken in the conducted research was a reflection on how the current offer of journalism, communication and media studies in Poland presents itself. An interesting aspect was how universities differentiate their faculties in the subject of naming and differentiation of the study offer. The aim of the analyses was to find out what names the above-mentioned fields of study are called and, consequently, with which areas they are combined. The analyses were based on lists of fields of study obtained from the official services of the relevant ministry.
Zrównoważony rozwój w projektowaniu opakowań. W poszukiwaniu problemu projektowego

Zrównoważony rozwój w projektowaniu opakowań. W poszukiwaniu problemu projektowego
(Sustainability in packaging design. In search of a design problem)

  • Author(s):Mariusz Wszołek
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Communication studies
  • Page Range:537-557
  • No. of Pages:21
  • Keywords:Alternative design doctrines; packaging design; communication design
  • Summary/Abstract:In the UK, around 10 million tonnes of packaging waste is generated each year, compared to 68 million tonnes in the US. According to Eurostat, the sectors that are mainly responsible for generating packaging waste are households and services. In the article, I try to answer questions about design practices on the way to sustainability.
Mój Wiesław Myśliwski

Mój Wiesław Myśliwski
(My Reflections on Wiesław Myśliwiecki)

  • Author(s):Iwona Hoffman
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Communication studies
  • Page Range:559-567
  • No. of Pages:9
  • Keywords:literature; nature; language; peasant’s culture; reade
  • Summary/Abstract:The article has a form of the review of Wiesław Myśliwski’s book entitled “W środku jesteśmy baśnią” constituting a collection of author’s speeches and interviews. According to book’s originator - Jerzy Illga - collected texts are framed into "summa" of Myśliwski’s life and works. In the article, I refer to a number of constitutive themes for Myśliwski’s writings, i.e. family, eradication, language and view of the world, individual reception of His novels, nature and peasant’s culture. I amplify the reflections on the topic by quoting characteristic fragments of author’s speeches which in my belief mark His "Horizon" of crucial matters. In a certain sense, the review includes a catalog of quotes summarizing the themes in Myśliwski’s works.
Antonomazja, aposiopoesis i apokaliptyka. Materiały do słownika figur dyskursu epoki postprawdy

Antonomazja, aposiopoesis i apokaliptyka. Materiały do słownika figur dyskursu epoki postprawdy
(Antonomasio, aposiopoesis and the apocalyptic. Materials for a dictionary of discourse figures of the post-truth era)

  • Author(s):Jarosław Płuciennik
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Theology and Religion
  • Page Range:569-583
  • No. of Pages:15
  • Keywords:fake news; post-truth; rhetorical figures; truth; deliberative discourse; dictionary of figures
  • Summary/Abstract:The article briefly describes three examples of post-truth era discourse by pointing to three examples of rhetorical figures (antonomasia, aposiopoesis, apocalyptic) in the statements of Elizabeth Homes, Elon Musk, and Alexander Dugin. They all represent un-democratic, cultic ways of speaking that can be described as anti-modern and anti-modernist because they negate the notion of truth as constantly sought and discovered. Instead of such a modern understanding, according to the author, these three figures either represent a fraud or propose to accept the revealed or revelatory truth, and not the truth of liberal democracy, subject to criticism, dialogue and falsification. The article is based on examples from the contemporary media discourse and popular science works. The analysis of figures presented in the article is a fragment, but the author's intention is to be representative of the communication processes taking place in the present day. This analysis represents materials for a dictionary of discourse figures of the post-truth era.
Biedny chrześcijanin patrzy jak ginie solidarność…

Biedny chrześcijanin patrzy jak ginie solidarność…
(A poor Christian looks at the solidarity’s perishing…)

  • Author(s):Alfred Marek Wierzbicki
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Philosophy, Social Sciences
  • Page Range:585-603
  • No. of Pages:19
  • Keywords:populism; foreigners hostility; nationalism; antisemitism; solidarity
  • Summary/Abstract:An attempt of describing the moral collapse of Polish society in the recent decade in front of increase of such the attitudes like populism, foreigners hostility, nationalism and antisemitism. All these phenomena are the symptoms of disappearing of the elementary ethical sensitivity in the public life. Practical negation of the Christian values in spite of rhetoric declarations emerge from the deep crisis of Christianity in clash with the political instrumentalisation of it.
Wartości polityczne w komunikowaniu polskich biskupów w kontekście kryzysu migracyjnego na granicy Białorusi z Unią Europejską

Wartości polityczne w komunikowaniu polskich biskupów w kontekście kryzysu migracyjnego na granicy Białorusi z Unią Europejską
(Political values in communicating Polish bishops in the context of the migration crisis on the border between Belarus and the European Union)

  • Author(s):Rafał Leśniczak
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Social Sciences, Communication studies
  • Page Range:605-616
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:Belarus; bishops; political communication; migration crisis; political values
  • Summary/Abstract:The aim of the undertaken research is to analyze the presence of political values in the messages of Polish bishops in the context of the migration crisis on the external border of the European Union with Belarus. The article attempts to answer the question of whether and to what extent three basic ways of understanding the concept of "political values" according to Jacek Kołodziej's typology were present, in the statements of the hierarchs (political values as social values of political importance, political values as functional components of the political system, political values as criteria of the rationality of political actions). Methodology: The study uses the method of discourse hermeneutics according to Fritz Hermanns, the method of interpretation as a method of linguistic discourse analysis and the method of system analysis. The research material consisted of messages and statements of Polish bishops on the official website of the episkopat.pl and ekai.pl. The analysis covered the period from May 23, 2021 to February 24, 2022, i.e. from the arrest of Raman Pratasiewicz to Russia's invasion of Ukraine. Results and conclusions: In the analyzed material, the presence of two ways of understanding political values according to Jacek Kołodziej's concept was noted, i.e. political values as social values of political importance, and political values as criteria of rationality of political actions. Cognitive value: The article increases the cognitive value in the area of political communication of Polish bishops in the context of the migration crisis on the EU-Belarus border. The undertaken analysis proves the presence of the issue of political values in the discourse of the Polish Episcopate.
Koloryzm w malarstwie polskim i jego wpływ na moje poszukiwania formalne

Koloryzm w malarstwie polskim i jego wpływ na moje poszukiwania formalne
(Colourism in Polish Painting and its Influence on my (Formal) Artistic Exploration)

  • Author(s):Piotr Mastalerz
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Fine Arts / Performing Arts
  • Page Range:617-647
  • No. of Pages:31
  • Keywords:https://doi.org/10.18778/8331-181-4.38
  • Summary/Abstract:The work addresses the issues of colour in painting in an analytical way. It refers in particular to a unique phenomenon in European art, namely the Polish colourism, represented by outstanding artists active in the 1920s and 1930s. The discussed history of colour, the expansion of which was already noticeable at the turn of the 15th and 16th centuries thanks to the Venetian painting, allows for a chronological approach to the subject against the changing role of the colour structure of the painting, which is observed in the subsequent periods. The conducted analysis of artistic attitudes that influenced contemporary Polish art allows to identify a tendency characterized by individualism, which seems to make the colour the basic foundation of a painting work. This practice was based on the intuitive use of colour patches in the foreground, whilst still using the compositional structure. This is visible in the works of many artists, such as Artur Nacht-Samborski or Piotr Potworowski. The author of this study defines his inspirational space, which results from a thorough knowledge of the Polish colourism and an in-depth analysis of particular works, in the stylistic and technological sense. Indicating the most important features of his own painting created an opportunity for him to trace the consequences of the search for a distinctive creative expression, which was to be the main assumption of the presented work.
Łódź - jaka jest, każdy widzi

Łódź - jaka jest, każdy widzi
(Lodz – what is it, everyone can see)

  • Author(s):Włodzimierz Adamiak
  • Language:Polish
  • Subject(s):Language and Literature Studies, Fine Arts / Performing Arts
  • Page Range:649-660
  • No. of Pages:12
  • Keywords:the city of Lodz
  • Summary/Abstract:The article is a commentary summarizing texts of about 50 sixth-semester students at the Deparment of Journalism and Socjal Communication at University of Lodz. They were made under the direction of the autor in 2017. The form of expression was inspired by the analysis of descriptions of cities from the book Invisible Cities by Italo Calvino.
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