ERAZ 2023 / 9  - Knowledge-Based Sustainable Development - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

Sustainable Development in the World of Lies

Sustainable Development in the World of Lies
(Sustainable Development in the World of Lies)

Author(s):Kristian Čechmanek
Language:English
Subject(s):Economy, Media studies, Fake News - Disinformation
Page Range:1-7
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Sustainable development; Sustainability; Knowledge; Sustainable Development Goals; Lies; Disinformation
Summary/Abstract:Is the process of sustainable development threatened by disinformation or is disinformation eligible to change the civilizational trajectory of the European Union´s paradigmatical endeavor towards a sustainable future? As the author believes, answering the question is vital in order to adapt to the situation of new threats that change the perception, cognition, and behavior of a wide range of participants in political, public, and civil life. In order to do that, the author scrutinizes the European Union´s major sustainable development policies on the one hand and various trends influenced by strong disinformation campaigns and hybrid threats towards them on the level of member states on the other hand. As the author shows, there are already observable tendencies, based on which it is possible to state a significant influence of disinformation on the sustainable development of the European Union. As the following article will point out, the social and political reality in the European Union indicate a possible paradigm shift where traditional knowledge-based sustainable development is challenged by disinformation narratives that make both European and global endeavor toward a sustainable future strongly aggravated.

Sustainable Development Management and Its Role in the Organizations

Sustainable Development Management and Its Role in the Organizations
(Sustainable Development Management and Its Role in the Organizations)

Author(s):Andreea Grecu
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:9-15
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Sustainable development management; Leadership; Organizational culture
Summary/Abstract:Any organization, whether it be a commercial or a non-profit organization, must perform the duty of sustainable development management. This is so that they can thrive while upholding the ideals of social responsibility and meeting the demands of a modern public management system. The management of sustainable development is directly related to the promotion of global responsibility leadership, and this relationship ultimately leads to a change in corporate culture. This transition entails promoting sustainable acceptability and commitment at all levels of the organization and viewing performance through a sustainability lens.

Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals in European and Western Balkans Countries

Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals in European and Western Balkans Countries
(Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals in European and Western Balkans Countries)

Author(s):Velibor Jovanović Gavrilović
Language:English
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:17-26
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Sustainable Development Goals; Composite SDG index; Measuring progress; European Union; Western Balkans
Summary/Abstract:Sustainable development is one of the key topics in contemporary discussions on development. Over time, the concept has evolved from a vague vision of development centered on environmental issues to a comprehensive development paradigm that includes economic, social and environmental aspects. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the UN, which are the focus of this paper, reflect that broader, modern approach to sustainable development. The paper aims to measure the progress of the countries of the EU and the Western Balkans in terms of achieving SDGs. For this purpose, the composite SDG Index, developed by the Bertelsmann Stiftung and the Sustainable Development Solutions Network, was used. This index is decomposed into three pillars - economic, social and environmental, in order to monitor and analyze the achieved results more easily. Conducted research reveals the weak points in the implementation of SDGs and indicates the priority directions of action.

Factors Determining Inflation in the American Economy: A Quantitative Analysis

Factors Determining Inflation in the American Economy: A Quantitative Analysis
(Factors Determining Inflation in the American Economy: A Quantitative Analysis)

Author(s):Tsvetomir Tsvetkov, Irina Atanasova
Language:English
Subject(s):National Economy, Financial Markets
Page Range:27-36
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Inflation; United States; Fiscal stimulus; Supply contraction; Market failures; Structural imbalances
Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to examine the factors that determine inflation in the United States. To accomplish the research objective, a quantitative analysis employing the linear least squares method is conducted. The authors present empirical arguments that the factors that determine inflation in the US are structural-cost ones.

Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in Albania prefer Progressive Tax or Flat Tax

Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in Albania prefer Progressive Tax or Flat Tax
(Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in Albania prefer Progressive Tax or Flat Tax)

Author(s):Mimoza Zeneli, Almarin Frakulli
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Business Economy / Management, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:37-42
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Progressive tax; Flat tax; Fiscal legislation; Incomes; SME
Summary/Abstract:A progressive and flat tax system is widely debated not only in public finance but usually as a political issue in Albania. A progressive tax has been applied in Albania in recent years. Many researchers in Albania have studied the effect of the flat and progressive tax on public finances, but what we will bring in this paper is the point of view with which small and medium businesses in Albania consider the effect of the tax on the income of their companies. Based on the results of the survey of Structural Statistics, for the year 2021, 99.8% of active enterprises are SMEs. This important fact intrigued us to study the effect of taxes on SME income as well as their opinion on each tax. In order to see the effect of the tax system, the analysis of the data collected from 200 SMEs (through questionnaires) for the main indicators such as progressive taxation, and simplified tax on small business was carried out. The descriptive analysis of the data collected as well as the confidence interval estimation for the VAT rate preferred, are going to generate some conclusions and recommendations for policymakers.

Renewable Energy Financing during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Obstacles and Solutions

Renewable Energy Financing during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Obstacles and Solutions
(Renewable Energy Financing during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Obstacles and Solutions)

Author(s):Mert Topcu
Language:English
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:43-47
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Renewable energy financing; COVID-19
Summary/Abstract:The renewable energy industry, whose global market size was estimated at US$ 1030,95 billion in 2022, faced numerous obstacles including financing issues ranking at the top during the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the importance of the topic, this study addresses these obstacles as well as potential solutions to financing renewable energy during the COVID-19 outbreak. The study discusses that economic uncertainty, disruption of supply chains, reduced investor confidence, reduced demand for energy, and policy changes are among the major problems in renewable energy financing during the outbreak. The study also proposes global solutions in order to provide policy stability and a predictable policy environment.

Clean Energy Stock Indexes: Trends, Fluctuations, and Implications for Investors

Clean Energy Stock Indexes: Trends, Fluctuations, and Implications for Investors
(Clean Energy Stock Indexes: Trends, Fluctuations, and Implications for Investors)

Author(s):Mariana Chambino, Rui Dias, Cristina Morais da Palma
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Energy and Environmental Studies, Financial Markets
Page Range:49-56
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Events for 2020 and 2022; Clean energy stock index; Persistence in returns; Portfolio diversification
Summary/Abstract:The heightened attention towards clean energy markets has been spurred by COVID-19 and geopolitical concerns in 2022. This study investigates the persistence of the Nasdaq Clean Edge Green Energy, WilderHill Clean Energy, S&P Global Clean Energy, iShares Global Clear Energy ETF, and Clean Energy Fuels stock indexes for the period from May 3, 2018, to May 2, 2023. The findings are mixed since long memories were observed throughout the tranquil period; therefore, the events of 2020 and 2022 did not accentuate persistence. Based on the findings, it can be inferred that the long-term predictability of clean energy markets has potential advantages for investors with a focus on environmentally sustainable investments. However, investors must be aware of market risks and volatility, especially during periods of economic or political instability. To reduce risk and increase returns, investors should diversify their portfolios across different clean energy indexes and other asset classes.

Will there be Dependencies between Oil Prices and Clean Energy Indexes?

Will there be Dependencies between Oil Prices and Clean Energy Indexes?
(Will there be Dependencies between Oil Prices and Clean Energy Indexes?)

Author(s):Mariana Chambino, Rui Dias, Cristina Morais da Palma
Language:English
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies
Page Range:57-65
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Clean energy stocks; Oil prices; Hedge; Portfolio diversification
Summary/Abstract:This paper analyses whether clean energy stock indexes, namely WilderHill Clean Energy, Clean Energy Fuels, and Nasdaq Clean Edge Green Energy indexes, can be considered coverage assets for the dirty energy stock indexes such as the Brent Crude Spot and Euro Stoxx Oil & Gas indexes during the events that occurred in 2020 and 2022. The results suggest low levels of integration, which shows that clean energy indexes are isolated. Based on these findings, the clean energy index may offer a better opportunity to cover oil prices. However, it is important to highlight that market conditions, transaction costs, and asset performance affect hedge strategy returns. Therefore, it is important to carefully assess the potential risks and benefits of any hedge strategy before making investment decisions. In addition, past performance does not guarantee future results, and market conditions can change quickly and unpredictably.

Cryptocurrency Market: Overreaction to News and Herd Instincts

Cryptocurrency Market: Overreaction to News and Herd Instincts
(Cryptocurrency Market: Overreaction to News and Herd Instincts)

Author(s):Rui Dias, Mariana Chambino, Cristina Morais da Palma
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Supranational / Global Economy, Financial Markets
Page Range:67-75
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Cryptocurrency; Overreaction; Mean reversion
Summary/Abstract:The present research focuses on the phenomenon of cryptocurrency market overreactions, especially examining the behavior of Bitcoin, DASH, EOS, Ethereum, Lisk, Litecoin, Monero, NEO, Quantum, Ripple, Stellar, and Zcash from January 2, 2018, to March 1, 2023. The findings show that there are both positive and negative autocorrelations, which might result in lowered volatility and more moderate fluctuations in prices. These results possess the potential to assist investors in making well-informed choices since they are less susceptible to being influenced by exaggerated reactions to news or information hitting the market. However, before investing in cryptocurrency markets, investors should exercise caution and carefully examine their risk tolerance, since market circumstances may change quickly, making it impossible to perform consistently profitable trades.

The Impact of the Economic Energy Crisis and the Geopolitical Context on the Price of Construction

The Impact of the Economic Energy Crisis and the Geopolitical Context on the Price of Construction
(The Impact of the Economic Energy Crisis and the Geopolitical Context on the Price of Construction)

Author(s):Mircea-Sebastian Mancia, Gabriela A. Popoviciu, Aurora Mancia
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Energy and Environmental Studies, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:77-82
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Economic and energetic crises; Geopolitics context; Price of constructions
Summary/Abstract:Humanity is facing a series of overlapping crises: the health crisis, the energy crisis, the economic crisis and the crisis caused by Russia’s aggression against Ukraine. After the era of globalization, the slowdown of international trade and the change of economic flows, the Romanian economy could be revived through foreign investments relocated to Romania and Romanian investments. The construction sector is strongly influenced by these phenomena. In this context, malfunctions also appeared in the construction infrastructure chains. It is found that it is necessary to adapt to autonomy in the supply of raw materials, the development, modernization and technology of our capacities as a response mechanism. In this acceptance, through this paper, the authors intend to design the impact of the actual crises (energetic and economic) in the construction field and the prices.

Chaotic Economic Growth and Investment in unmanned Aerial Systems: China and Russia

Chaotic Economic Growth and Investment in unmanned Aerial Systems: China and Russia
(Chaotic Economic Growth and Investment in unmanned Aerial Systems: China and Russia)

Author(s):Vesna Jablanović
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, National Economy, Human Resources in Economy
Page Range:83-87
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Investment in Unmanned Aerial Systems; Economic growth; Chaos
Summary/Abstract:Originally viewed as a military tool, an unmanned aerial system (UAS), has important economic applications. The economic opportunity for an unmanned aerial system technology is large. The defense sector will remain the largest market for drones. This paper examines the economic growth stability in China and Russia. The basic aim of this paper is to create a relatively simple chaotic economic growth model. Investment in unmanned aerial systems is an important generator of economic growth and economic stability.

Contemporary Priorities in the Development of the General Agricultural Policy of the European Union

Contemporary Priorities in the Development of the General Agricultural Policy of the European Union
(Contemporary Priorities in the Development of the General Agricultural Policy of the European Union)

Author(s):Krassimira Zagorova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Agriculture
Page Range:89-96
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:European Union; Common Agricultural Policy; Contemporary priorities; European Agriculture Guarantee Fund
Summary/Abstract:This study contains a retrospective analysis of the development of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union in modern conditions, spanning the period 2007-2013 up to the present 2020-2025 programming period. In particular, the object of analysis are the priorities in the agricultural sector of the Community, known as “key areas”, defined in three main directions: (1) promotion of the competitiveness of farms in the agricultural and forestry sectors, (2) improvement of the environment and the natural assets in the agricultural regions, (3) improvement of the quality of life in rural areas. In the course of the analysis are reflected the trends of reducing the cost of intervention on agricultural markets with European Agriculture Guarantee Fund resources, particularly pronounced in the 2014-2020 programming period, still going on in the next indicative period after the year 2020. Finally, conclusions have been drawn, taking into account the invariability of the fundamental goals of the EU Common Agricultural Policy ever since its introduction by the Treaty of Rome (1958). In conclusion, it is pointed out that in parallel with the market and social goals protecting the interests of both European producers and consumers, the objectives of the European Agricultural Policy at this stage are complemented by new ones, which, by supporting primary agricultural activity, namely the production of foods, add other dimensions as well.

The Effectiveness of the Albanian Monetary Policy

The Effectiveness of the Albanian Monetary Policy
(The Effectiveness of the Albanian Monetary Policy)

Author(s):Evis Kumi
Language:English
Subject(s):Economic policy, Financial Markets
Page Range:97-102
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Monetary policy; Price stability; Economic growth; Interest rates
Summary/Abstract:This article aims to assess the efficiency of the Bank of Albania’s monetary policy in attaining its goals of price stability and economic expansion. Price stability is essential for ensuring a favorable business environment, preserving the purchasing power of the currency, and reducing uncertainty in the economy. The analysis takes into account the unique characteristics and challenges faced by the Albanian economy. This article offers insights into the effectiveness of the monetary policy framework in Albania by assessing the primary instruments and tactics used by the BoA, including interest rates, reserve requirements, and open market operations. It also investigates how external influences affect the efficacy of monetary policy and makes suggestions for improvement. This paper concludes with suggestions for boosting the Albanian monetary policy’s efficacy. It recommends actions to strengthen the transmission mechanism, improve data quality and availability, enhance coordination between monetary and fiscal policies, and boost the institutional capability of the central bank. It also stresses how crucial it is to have a consistent and well-defined policy framework. In the end, this article provides recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of the Albanian monetary policy. It suggests measures to strengthen the transmission mechanism, improve data quality and availability, enhance coordination between monetary and fiscal policies, and increase the central bank’s institutional capacity. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of maintaining a stable and predictable policy framework.

The Influence of Economic Activity on Income in the Regions of the Slovak Republic

The Influence of Economic Activity on Income in the Regions of the Slovak Republic
(The Influence of Economic Activity on Income in the Regions of the Slovak Republic)

Author(s):Maria Vojtkova
Language:English
Subject(s):Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:103-109
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Equivalent disposable income; Economic activity; EU-SILC; Analysis of variance
Summary/Abstract:Household income is one of the important components for the quality of life of individuals in the household, while individuals satisfy their needs through it. This paper aims to assess the influence of the selected factor, namely economic activity, the member standing at the head of the household, on the equivalent disposable income of the household in the regions of the Slovak Republic, broken down according to NUTS3, using one-factor analysis of variance. Due to the non-fulfillment of the conditions for the use of parametric variance analysis, its modification using Welch’s variance analysis will be used. The starting source of data is data from the EU SILC sample survey on income and living conditions of households in Slovakia for the year 2021, while the analysis itself is carried out using the statistical tool SAS Enterprise Guide 7.1.

Trend Analysis of the Employment Rate in Slovakia Regions in the Period 2013–2022

Trend Analysis of the Employment Rate in Slovakia Regions in the Period 2013–2022
(Trend Analysis of the Employment Rate in Slovakia Regions in the Period 2013–2022)

Author(s):Ľubica Hurbánková
Language:English
Subject(s):Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:111-117
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:The employment rate; Slovakia regions
Summary/Abstract:The paper deals with the analysis of the employment rate. The author analyses this indicator in Slovakia regions using the data in the period 2013 – 2022. The analysis of the trend uses relative characteristics of time series analysis – growth rate, and average growth rate. The purpose of the paper is to find out the uniformity, respectively variability of growth rate using absolute geometric deviation and average absolute geometric deviation. The author quantifies absolute changes, relative changes and parallel absolute and relative changes by difference rate. The employment rate in the Košice region increased the most in 2022 compared to 2021 by 5.78%. The trend was the most uniform in Bratislava and Prešov regions. When comparing the years 2022 and 2013 using the difference rate, the employment rate in the Žilina region increased the most, absolutely by 15.3 percentage points, relatively by 26.24%, in the case of a combined comparison by 3.5656.

The Qualification and Educational Level of Workforce as Employment Factor: Case Study in Nitra Region of Slovakia

The Qualification and Educational Level of Workforce as Employment Factor: Case Study in Nitra Region of Slovakia
(The Qualification and Educational Level of Workforce as Employment Factor: Case Study in Nitra Region of Slovakia)

Author(s):Dana Országhová, Martina Chlebcova
Language:English
Subject(s):Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:119-127
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Workforce; Labour market; Region; District; Employment; Educational structure
Summary/Abstract:The prosperity of the region and the standard of living of its inhabitants depend on many socioeconomic factors. The main goal of the paper is to evaluate selected factors of the Nitra Region in the Slovak Republic and to compare their level in individual districts with a focus on the mutual relationship between the educational structure of the population and employment. The research sample is composed of available data in the DATAcube, the database of the Statistical Office of Slovakia, and from results of the Population and Housing Census of the Slovak Republic: number of inhabitants, age structure, level of education, unemployment, and others. The data analysis is carried out by descriptive statistics, method of comparison with usage of tabular and graphic presentation of results. Results of the Nitra Region showed that a district with a higher educated population is associated with a lower rate of unemployment.

Empowering Romanian Entrepreneurs to Develop Social Business

Empowering Romanian Entrepreneurs to Develop Social Business
(Empowering Romanian Entrepreneurs to Develop Social Business)

Author(s):Oana Staiculescu
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Business Ethics, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:129-137
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Social business; Entrepreneurs; Development
Summary/Abstract:Social economy is essential for local or regional development. In Romania, social business is trying to scale, promoting the development of an alternative model of social inclusion for vulnerable groups. The establishment of a social enterprise represents a benefit both for the area in which it will carry out its activity and for the national economy as well, developing along with increasing the level of education and living of the population. Globally, in April 2023, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the resolution “Promoting the Social and Solidarity Economy for Sustainable Development” (A/77/L.60) which provides an official definition of social and solidarity economy and it can contribute to the achievement and localization of sustainable development goals. Therefore, this paper aims to come up with proposals to empower Romanian entrepreneurs to develop social businesses in order to carry out activities that will represent a real gain for the community and an important step in solving various problems.

The “Black Swan” is “Green”: The Role of the Financial Sector in the Green Transition

The “Black Swan” is “Green”: The Role of the Financial Sector in the Green Transition
(The “Black Swan” is “Green”: The Role of the Financial Sector in the Green Transition)

Author(s):Daniela Bobeva
Language:English
Subject(s):Financial Markets, Green Transformation
Page Range:139-145
No. of Pages:7
Keywords:Green transition; Green finance; ESG
Summary/Abstract:The European Union has started an ambitious and unique transition to a green economy. The financial sector is assigned a key role in the transformation process. While the legal framework of the transition is already developed, many challenges remain to be resolved to achieve a smooth functioning of the financial system within the changing environment. The article explores theoretical views on the green transition and the role of the financial sector. The impact and the risks of the ongoing reforms in the financial sector are identified. The applied methodology is based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative analysis using ESG data, as well as data from a special survey aiming at capturing the views of companies with significant carbon emissions on their relationship with the banks in the changing regulatory and financial framework.

Risk Disclosures Related to Credit Derivative Use by U.S. and German Corporate Bond Funds between 2004 and 2010 – An Evaluation

Risk Disclosures Related to Credit Derivative Use by U.S. and German Corporate Bond Funds between 2004 and 2010 – An Evaluation
(Risk Disclosures Related to Credit Derivative Use by U.S. and German Corporate Bond Funds between 2004 and 2010 – An Evaluation)

Author(s):Dominika P. Galkiewicz
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Financial Markets, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:147-154
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Fund; Derivative; Credit default swap; Reporting; Disclosure; Leverage
Summary/Abstract:This study aims to investigate whether the comments made by funds regarding their use of CDS in periodic fund reports are consistent with their disclosed CDS holdings. For several funds in the U.S., the potential losses that may arise from selling CDS protection are almost as high as their net assets and in Germany, this potential can be even higher. The results of the study suggest that the comments provided by funds about their use of CDS in periodic reports are often vague and sometimes misleading. For instance, in Germany, funds that use more short than long CDS often claim that they only use long CDS for hedging purposes. This means that investors may need to analyze portfolio holdings to learn about the true investment behavior of funds. Based on the results, it is advisable for regulators in both countries to strengthen their monitoring activity and implement more standardized disclosure policies.

Internal Audit as a Quality Assurance Instrument: A Case Study from Garment Manufacturing Enterprises in the Western Balkan Region

Internal Audit as a Quality Assurance Instrument: A Case Study from Garment Manufacturing Enterprises in the Western Balkan Region
(Internal Audit as a Quality Assurance Instrument: A Case Study from Garment Manufacturing Enterprises in the Western Balkan Region)

Author(s):Jolta Kacani, Sajmira Kopani
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Business Economy / Management, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:155-162
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Internal audit; Control environment; Circular garments; Quality standards
Summary/Abstract:The European Strategy for Sustainable and Circular Textiles (2022) aims to ensure that by 2030 garments have a longer life, are made as much as possible from recyclable material, and are free of harmful substances. For garment producers, this means compliance with mandatory requirements along the value chain focusing on the entire lifecycle of garments, while supporting the green and digital transitions within the industry ecosystem. Compliance with the new environmentally friendly standards required for garment exports in the European markets demands an improved control environment and consolidated internal audit procedures within manufacturing enterprises. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of the current internal audit procedures in garment manufacturing enterprises located in the Western Balkan region and exporting to end customers in the European market and other international markets. In doing so this paper analyses a sample of thirty enterprises according to 5Cs elements of internal audit. The 5Cs in the internal audit include the criteria, conditions, causes, consequences, and corrective actions within the sample of the enterprises. Based on 5Cs elements new improvements in the standard operating internal audit procedures in garment manufacturing enterprises are proposed in line with new European strategies.

Customs Performance Measurement – the Evidence from North Macedonia

Customs Performance Measurement – the Evidence from North Macedonia
(Customs Performance Measurement – the Evidence from North Macedonia)

Author(s):Danijela Miloshoska
Language:English
Subject(s):National Economy, Public Finances
Page Range:163-169
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Customs administration; Performance measurement; Key performance indicators; Macedonian customs
Summary/Abstract:Improving the effectiveness and efficiency of each customs administration largely depends on understanding the complexity of customs performance measurement. There are two basic reasons. Firstly, different customs administrations have different priorities: some are focused on law enforcement and the protection of society, others are focused on fair and effective revenue collection, and others are focused on trade facilitation and security. Secondly, it is recognized that developing key performance indicators (KPIs), or metrics, is very challenging and there is no “one- solution- fits- all” for the KPIs. This study attempts to offer an analysis of performance measurement in customs and to present a list of essential KPIs for Macedonian customs. The study revealed a series of difficulties with calculating the indicators as a result of the absence of sufficient data. The study provides general recommendations that should serve as a basis for the development of a more practical model for measuring the performance of Macedonian customs.

How Innovation Drives Firm Performance in the Post COVID-19 Pandemic?

How Innovation Drives Firm Performance in the Post COVID-19 Pandemic?
(How Innovation Drives Firm Performance in the Post COVID-19 Pandemic?)

Author(s):Brunilda Kosta
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:171-180
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Innovation; Firm performance; COVID-19
Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of product innovation, process innovation and delivery innovation on firm performance, in response to unexpected crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic. For this purpose, the author conducted a survey with 115 Albanian companies. By employing the regression analysis, the study uncovered that product innovation has a positive significant impact on firm performance in the aftermath of COVID-19. The study also uncovers a positive yet non-significant relationship between process innovation and firm performance. Contrary to expectations, the research identifies a counterintuitive outcome in the context of delivery innovation, indicating a negative and statistically significant impact on firm performance. This research contributes to our understanding of the complex interplay between innovation and firm performance, offering valuable insights for businesses navigating the challenges of the post-pandemic landscape. The findings prompt a reevaluation of strategic approaches to innovation and underscore the need for nuanced and context-specific strategies to optimize firm outcomes.

Participative Management in the Framework of a Local Action Group

Participative Management in the Framework of a Local Action Group
(Participative Management in the Framework of a Local Action Group)

Author(s):Manuela Panaitescu
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Business Economy / Management, Human Resources in Economy
Page Range:181-188
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Management; Decision making; Participative behavior
Summary/Abstract:The main European policy for rural areas is the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Regarding the involvement of local communities, CAP, through the LEADER program, contributes to the promotion of a community-led local development strategy, supporting development projects initiated at the local level by Local Action Groups. For good functioning and achieving high efficiency, LAGs resort to the implementation of participative management in the organization. In the presented work, we propose to analyze the importance of participative management within an organization of this type - LAG “Eremia Grigorescu 1863” Galati and the contribution to the establishment of new businesses, the promotion of tourism, the creation of jobs, which lead to the sustainable development of rural economy in the South-East Region of Romania. The involvement of the LAG staff in the decision-making process led to the enrichment of the level of culture and professional training of the employees, facilitating the achievement of remarkable results in terms of the association. We used the Multi-criteria Analysis to check the way of making decisions within the Local Action Group.

On the Relationship between ISO Standards and the Logistic Performance Index

On the Relationship between ISO Standards and the Logistic Performance Index
(On the Relationship between ISO Standards and the Logistic Performance Index)

Author(s):Enriko Ceko
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, National Economy, Business Economy / Management
Page Range:189-200
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Logistics; Supply chain management; Transport; Quality management; ISO standards
Summary/Abstract:Using regression analysis, the paper aims to clarify the relationship between trade logistics issues, expressed with the logistic performance index, and quality management, expressed with the ISO standards index. The paper opted for an exploratory study using regression analysis to find relations between the logistics performance index and the ISO standards index, using data complemented Logistic Performance Index, and ISO Standards certificates issued worldwide, providing statistical insights into the relations between the LPI and QM, and the ISO Standards Index. It suggests that successful business organizations should invest in QM, especially in ISO standards improving their logistics, and competitive advantage. This research addresses a previously stated requirement by doing a regression analysis to investigate how quality management (ISO certifications) and logistics are significantly connected. The study's findings emphasize the importance of investing in quality management to gain a competitive advantage in logistics, recognizing the importance of the ISO certification process and quality management procedures and processes.

Current Challenges Affecting the Development of Human Resources in Slovakia

Current Challenges Affecting the Development of Human Resources in Slovakia
(Current Challenges Affecting the Development of Human Resources in Slovakia)

Author(s):Iveta Dudova, Silvia Matušova
Language:English
Subject(s):Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:201-209
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Human capital; Human resources; Knowledge economy; Digital transformation
Summary/Abstract:The paper defines the key factors influencing human resources in the current economic development in Slovakia and points to possible ways of adapting human capital to the rapidly changing world. The paper aims to characterize the expected features of the foreseen digital and knowledge transformation of the Slovak economy and society and to identify possible paths of human resource development, based on the definition of the knowledge economy and the learning society.

Slovak Self-Government's Gender Policy

Slovak Self-Government's Gender Policy
(Slovak Self-Government's Gender Policy)

Author(s):Dagmar Petrušova, Jana Sochuľáková, Katarína Kráľová
Language:English
Subject(s):Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:211-217
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Self-government; Gender politics; Self-governing region
Summary/Abstract:Gender inequality is a complex phenomenon whose impacts and consequences affect every area of society. Although as a rule the disadvantages concern women, in some cases gender stereotypes have an adverse impact on men as well. The goal of gender equality is to create a respectful space for every woman and every man so that they can realize themselves in life according to their wishes and abilities and not be limited by gender stereotypes. Despite indisputable progress in equal opportunities for men and women in the Slovak Republic, inequalities persist in almost all areas of private and public life. The following contribution aims to present the differences and changes in the representation of women in elected positions of selected self-governing entities in the Slovak Republic.

The Importance of R&D Projects in Serbia – The Role of Human Capital

The Importance of R&D Projects in Serbia – The Role of Human Capital
(The Importance of R&D Projects in Serbia – The Role of Human Capital)

Author(s):Aleksandra Pavlović, Ivana Janjić
Language:English
Subject(s):Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:219-225
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:R&D projects investment; Human capital; Serbia; Multivariate linear regression
Summary/Abstract:Research and development (R&D) projects are crucial for the implementation of a company's strategy and a prerequisite for achieving a competitive advantage. In globalized conditions, the success of R&D projects significantly depends on the capabilities of human capital. Human capital is the most valuable resource of any country, therefore, the cooperation of scientific-research organizations with companies from the private sector in the field of realization of R&D projects has become inevitable. The primary goal of this paper is to examine the relationship between R&D project investments and human capital (employees in the R&D area and highly-educated employees), from 2008 to 2021. For that purpose, multivariate linear regression has been applied. The results revealed that a highly educated workforce is of key importance for the growth of investments in R&D projects, hereby, the proposal for policymakers would be to encourage greater investments in higher education, as well as to strengthen better cooperation between science and business.

Human Strivings, between Social Change and Lifelong Learning

Human Strivings, between Social Change and Lifelong Learning
(Human Strivings, between Social Change and Lifelong Learning)

Author(s):Mirela Cristiana Nila Stratone
Language:English
Subject(s):Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:227-236
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Human strivings; Social change; Lifelong learning; Pedagogy of the self
Summary/Abstract:This paper explains the relationship between social change and lifelong learning, based on human efforts. The connecting element turns out to be the permanent process of transformation, both in terms of social change and education focused on lifelong learning. It is obvious that lifelong learning has become largely dependent on digitization, and the dominant method of this is becoming more and more pronounced as a new form of pedagogy of the self. This aspect leads to the new identity of the pedagogue/teacher, who, being also a dynamic element in the process of social change, transforms himself and at the same time the subject of learning. In this study, it is explained the need for a common vision about the interdependence between continuous and permanent social change on the one hand and the social need or the citizen's right of the adult to train throughout life, on the other hand.

The emotional Intelligence of the Leader – Is it a Must?

The emotional Intelligence of the Leader – Is it a Must?
(The emotional Intelligence of the Leader – Is it a Must?)

Author(s):Silvena Yordanova
Language:English
Subject(s):Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:237-240
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:Empathy; Emotional intelligence; Emotional control; Leadership
Summary/Abstract:The leader is a fascinating figure with his behavior, and his vision for development and is a complete role model. He not only aims to bring his associates together but is mainly concerned with team building and solving problems of all kinds, including interpersonal ones. Therefore, the leader is emotionally intelligent, and able to unite people from different cultures, thus showing empathy and his inherent intelligence, namely on an emotional level. The current paper introduces emotional intelligence, by providing arguments why a leader needs to be emotionally intelligent. At the same time, the employee benefits of being led by an emotionally intelligent leader are also presented. Cases on emotional intelligence are also presented.

Innovative Careers Ahead: Adapting to New Occupations and Competencies in the Future Workforce

Innovative Careers Ahead: Adapting to New Occupations and Competencies in the Future Workforce
(Innovative Careers Ahead: Adapting to New Occupations and Competencies in the Future Workforce)

Author(s):Anton Vorina, Nikolina Vrcelj, Vuk Bevanda
Language:English
Subject(s):Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:241-248
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Future competencies; Innovative career; New occupation
Summary/Abstract:The rapid evolution of technology, automation, and globalization is causing big changes in the workforce. This is making us think differently about jobs and skills. In the paper, we explore the new trends that are shaping the job market. We look at three important topics about the future of work. First, we try to predict what new jobs will appear and what will make them happen. Second, we study the skills that are becoming more important for doing well in workplaces that are changing. Lastly, we closely examine how humans and robots interact at work, looking at how much robots might replace humans and what that means for jobs. To do this, we analyzed articles published between 2018 and 2023. We found that adaptability, creativity, critical thinking, and being good with digital technology are very important skills during these big changes.

The Risks of Quiet Quitting: Exploring the Impact of Telework on Employee Psychological Departure

The Risks of Quiet Quitting: Exploring the Impact of Telework on Employee Psychological Departure
(The Risks of Quiet Quitting: Exploring the Impact of Telework on Employee Psychological Departure)

Author(s):Dusana Alshatti Schmidt, Matúš Baráth
Language:English
Subject(s):Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:249-256
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Quiet quitting; Telework; Teleworker; Disengagement
Summary/Abstract:The rise of teleworking has revolutionized the way of working, allowing employees to carry out their duties remotely and offering newfound flexibility. The long-term impact of teleworking has fully developed many negative factors that were already present in traditional work settings. One concern that has been raised is whether telework can lead to quiet quitting. Given that the COVID-19 pandemic and the subsequent increase in remote work have highlighted the phenomenon of quiet quitting, it is essential to examine the pre-pandemic context to develop a comprehensive understanding of teleworkers' potential to silent disengage from work. Drawing on existing literature, this paper aims to analyze the risks of quiet quitting and investigate whether teleworkers are susceptible to engaging in quiet quitting by examining the potential factors before the pandemic. This can help organizations to identify and address potential challenges, and foster an environment that promotes employee engagement, and long-term commitment.

Relationship between Hierarchical Values of Professional Activities and Theoretical and Practical Knowledge

Relationship between Hierarchical Values of Professional Activities and Theoretical and Practical Knowledge
(Relationship between Hierarchical Values of Professional Activities and Theoretical and Practical Knowledge)

Author(s):Valentina Vukosavljević Pavlović
Language:English
Subject(s):Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:257-266
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Professional activities; Professional knowledge; Managerial structure
Summary/Abstract:An indispensable aspect that can greatly influence the profile of the managerial structure in enterprises is the educational system. At the end of the last century, under the pressure of the second wave of globalization caused by technological development, there was a need to reexamine and redefine the role of the university. The subject of analysis in this paper is the relationship between the hierarchical values of professional activities and theoretical and practical knowledge from the point of view of managerial structures in private and public enterprises on the example of one unit of local self-government in the Republic of Serbia. Based on the opinion of representatives from the private (1.85) and public sector (1.85) on the scale of hierarchical values of professional activities, the adopted systematic theoretical and practical knowledge were evaluated in the first place. Through the analysis of the responses received from both observed groups, it was found that modern managers are the most open social group for improvement, motivated to acquire new knowledge arising from the need for more effective adaptation to changes.

Financial Market Knowledge of the Young Generation: An Empirical Analysis of European Students*

Financial Market Knowledge of the Young Generation: An Empirical Analysis of European Students*
(Financial Market Knowledge of the Young Generation: An Empirical Analysis of European Students*)

Author(s):Dominika P. Galkiewicz, Mario Situm, Lukas Hartleif
Language:English
Subject(s):Financial Markets, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:267-273
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Financial literacy; Literacy; Knowledge; Instruments; Financial markets; Survey
Summary/Abstract:In the recent survey of 262 European students, we try to assess the level of financial market knowledge of the young generation around the age of 23 years. We can identify the following highlights in the first out of three parts: 54.3% out of 256 people, who answered the question, purchased at least once shares, bonds, mutual funds or made comparable investments in the past and the experience made by 179 out of 262 (68.3%) people was perceived to be very positive. Similarly, the attitude of 230 out of 262 (87.8%) European students towards buying shares, bonds, mutual funds, or making comparable investments is very positive. However, the attitude of 247 and 249 people out of 262 attendees, respectively, towards the general economic situation driven by inflation and the observable increase in prices of everyday goods are rated rather low. In the main part of our survey, we analyze the level of competence of our European students to deal with calculus-related exercises (e.g. impact of the time value of money, interest or/and inflation, functioning of financial markets and instruments). We observe the following tendencies: 86.3% of people correctly stated that investments in shares offer the highest risk, which shows that European students understand the basic finance relationship between higher risk potentially leading to high returns or high losses. 82.8% of participants correctly stated that the possibility of losing money decreases with a higher degree of diversification. The third set of questions focuses on the knowledge related to investment possibilities and potential preferences for investments. For example, 45.4% of people signalized their willingness to invest their money into real estate investment funds, 43.9% chose shares, 28.2% mentioned ETFs, 20.2% would decide on bonds and 11.8% for cryptocurrencies. European students seem to be financially knowledgeable on an average level and the majority can choose instruments that fit their preferences.

Contradictions of Sustainability Teaching Accounting in Higher Education in Bulgaria

Contradictions of Sustainability Teaching Accounting in Higher Education in Bulgaria
(Contradictions of Sustainability Teaching Accounting in Higher Education in Bulgaria)

Author(s):Kalin Kalev
Language:English
Subject(s):Higher Education , Human Resources in Economy
Page Range:275-280
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Sustainability; Accounting; Teaching; Self-reinforced; Soft skills
Summary/Abstract:The paper outlines contradictions of “sustainability teaching accounting” in which word game (shown in inverted commas) represents the focal role of the teacher. The problems of the Bulgarian education system are already known - increasing complexity and interconnectedness as results of the breakdown of the value system of society - but not unique. Merely, institutional sustainability discourse is reductionist and mechanistic. And one of the problems of sustainable education is how to empower students with self-reinforcing practice. Attitudes of students of accounting teaching in IU-Varna are presented to justify current teaching in accounting courses. Some generalized proposals are introduced because as greater the students are exposed to sustainable thinking and innovative technologies, better critical thinking and self-reinforced behavior will be articulated.

Exploring the Universities’ Resilience in Times of Crisis by Reporting to the Pattern of the National Culture

Exploring the Universities’ Resilience in Times of Crisis by Reporting to the Pattern of the National Culture
(Exploring the Universities’ Resilience in Times of Crisis by Reporting to the Pattern of the National Culture)

Author(s):Dragos Valentin Dinca, Cristina Elena Nicolescu, Ionut Bogdan Berceanu
Language:English
Subject(s):Higher Education , Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:281-290
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:The EU universities' resilience; Public expenditure; Hofstede's model of national culture
Summary/Abstract:Amidst the COVID-19 pandemic, superior education demonstrated remarkable adaptability during crises, particularly by swiftly embracing a borderless virtual learning environment. From this perspective, the paper is focused on the resilience of the university educational system, underlining the importance of two key pillars that model it: the pattern of national culture and the level of public spending on education. To this end and by reference to Hofstede’s cultural dimensions theory, the paper highlights that the pattern of national culture explains a good deal of the levels of budget allocations on education between 2007-2020 of the current 27 EU member states. Thus, beyond the good practices identified in the institutional development plan by implementing a new management model, the results of the paper analysis indicate the need to consolidate the national educational policies through proper financing of the field, towards achieving the European Education Area.

Factors Associated with Self-Perceived Health Status in the Slovak Republic

Factors Associated with Self-Perceived Health Status in the Slovak Republic
(Factors Associated with Self-Perceived Health Status in the Slovak Republic)

Author(s):Viera Labudova
Language:English
Subject(s):Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:291-297
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Self-perceived health; EU-SILC; Logistic regression
Summary/Abstract:Self-perceived health (SPH) expresses a subjective assessment by the respondent of his/her health. When assessing his/her health, the respondent states one of the following categories: 1: very good, 2: good, 3: fair, 4: bad, 5: very bad. This paper aimed to analyze the influence of individual characteristics of persons aged 16 and over in the Slovak Republic on the subjective perception of health and quantify the intensity of their impact. For this purpose, a logistic regression model was used to predict "good health" (categories ‘very good’ or ‘good’). As explanatory variables for the logistic regression model have included these demographic or socio-economic indicators: marital status, age, the highest level of education attained based on the ISCED, main activity status, severe material deprivation, equalized household disposable income, degree of urbanization, and NUTS 3 region. The analysis was performed using the SAS Enterprise Guide on a sample of data from the EU SILC 2021 survey.

From Awareness to Action: How Social Media Users Respond to Femicide Cases

From Awareness to Action: How Social Media Users Respond to Femicide Cases
(From Awareness to Action: How Social Media Users Respond to Femicide Cases)

Author(s):Gjorgjina Sherovska
Language:English
Subject(s):Gender Studies, Studies in violence and power
Page Range:299-304
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Femicide; Marketing; Social media marketing; Marketing culture
Summary/Abstract:Femicide is a grave violation of fundamental human rights, such as the right to life, liberty, and personal security, as well as a formidable hindrance to social and economic progress. By definition, femicide is the premeditated killing of a female person due to their gender. This phenomenon is the result of a multitude of risk factors at the individual, interpersonal, community, and societal levels. The magnitude of what has been dubbed the "shadow pandemic" is evidenced by the mounting violence inflicted on women. This research seeks to analyze the role of social media marketing in bringing awareness to the issue of femicide, namely, its effect on public opinion, the degree to which it increases awareness of the rising femicide rate, and the reactions of social media users when confronted with individual cases. To achieve this, a phenomenological study with a Likert scale was conducted, involving 100 participants in North Macedonia aged between 18 and 60. The findings indicate that the majority of respondents do not believe that social media provides an impetus for people to take action against femicide and their concerning note is witnessing online harassment or bullying related to femicide or violence against women on social media. Empowering the potential of creating a safe and supportive environment for discussing and addressing issues of femicide and violence against women in the social media space.

Determining the Correlation between the RLAH Regime and Roaming Usage by Applying Business Intelligence

Determining the Correlation between the RLAH Regime and Roaming Usage by Applying Business Intelligence
(Determining the Correlation between the RLAH Regime and Roaming Usage by Applying Business Intelligence)

Author(s):Lovre Dodig, Ljerka Luic
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Business Economy / Management, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:305-309
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Roaming like at home; Mobile services; Croatian mobile users; Big data; Business intelligence
Summary/Abstract:Roaming like at home (RLAH) regime came into force on June 15, 2017, and marked the beginning of more accessible communication and use of mobile services without additional fees when travelling within the EU. In this context, this paper analyses the correlation between RLAH and the intensity of the use of mobile services by Croatian users in EU Roaming. In this regard, the research aims to measure how much RLAH influenced Croatian users' greater use of mobile services in EU roaming. How many Croatian users used mobile services in EU roaming before RLAH and during RLAH, and to what extent Croatian users in EU roaming used mobile services before the introduction of the RLAH regime compared to the period after the introduction of RLAH are questions that determine the framework research problems. This research used aggregated data on users and the use of mobile voice services of Croatian users in the EU roaming from HAKOM's (Croatian regulatory authority for network industries) database. The period observed is between Q1 2014 and Q2 2022. The research was carried out by business intelligence concepts and tools and elaborated with descriptive statistics method. Based on the results obtained from the research, the hypothesis that RLAH stimulated the use of mobile services by Croatian users in EU roaming can be confirmed. In this regard, this work supports the set goals of developing the EU digital single market and opens up space for additional research to examine user habits as part of forming a single internal market.

Identification and Role of Ethical Consumer Behaviour in the Overall Marketing Strategy

Identification and Role of Ethical Consumer Behaviour in the Overall Marketing Strategy
(Identification and Role of Ethical Consumer Behaviour in the Overall Marketing Strategy)

Author(s):Nadezhda Dimova
Language:English
Subject(s):Marketing / Advertising, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:311-314
No. of Pages:4
Keywords:Marketing strategy; Ethical consumer behavior; Market; Identification
Summary/Abstract:The success of a modern marketing strategy largely depends on taking into account the changes and dynamics of consumer behavior. Crucial to this reporting is identifying ethical consumer behavior and distinguishing it from unethical consumer behavior. Marketing managers should monitor the ever-increasing intensity of changes in consumer behavior, especially those that reflect the creation of unethical behavior. This process is two-way, and in many cases, changes in marketing strategy influence consumer choices and whether to be ethical or unethical, because companies themselves can be ethical.

Impact of the Country of Origin on Pharmaceutical Products in the Albanian Market

Impact of the Country of Origin on Pharmaceutical Products in the Albanian Market
(Impact of the Country of Origin on Pharmaceutical Products in the Albanian Market)

Author(s):Irma Shyle
Language:English
Subject(s):Human Resources in Economy, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:315-324
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Country of origin; Purchase decision; Pharmaceutical industry; Quality; Albania
Summary/Abstract:Country image is essential as a country of origin information in marketplaces, especially for pharmaceutical products in developing countries. The origin of the products is used as a surrogate indicator for quality and safety. The pharmaceutical sector in Albania continues to be a developing sector, yet, locally produced products, while growing recently, continue to occupy and supply a small share of the total market. Imports dominate the Albanian drug market, and the country's most notable international brands exist. The study aimed to analyze the impact of the country of origin on the decision to purchase medicaments from the pharmaceutical sector in Albania and also to highlight the most critical factors affecting the impact of the country of origin on the choice of pharmaceutical products. Two hundred pharmacists, doctors, and chemists participated in the study. The results show that the country of origin is essential in assisting pharmacists in purchasing. The pharmacist's decision is driven mainly by the higher customer demand to purchase the country of origin attribute due to their low information on the product. The latter leads to selecting the best and most effective medicaments from countries perceived to have high quality.

Understanding Regenerative Tourism as a Catalyst for Sustainable Economies: An Analysis of Selected Practices

Understanding Regenerative Tourism as a Catalyst for Sustainable Economies: An Analysis of Selected Practices
(Understanding Regenerative Tourism as a Catalyst for Sustainable Economies: An Analysis of Selected Practices)

Author(s):Marlene Amorim, Marta Ferreira Dias, Filipa Brandao, Raquel Castro Madureira, Rui Costa, Zelia Breda, Cristina Guardado, Marcela Lopes, Bruna Pedro
Language:English
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Tourism
Page Range:325-333
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Sustainability; Regenerative tourism; Regenerative practices; Communities; Portugal
Summary/Abstract:The European sustainability agendas and debates present new challenges and opportunities for innovation, particularly in the tourism sector. As countries strive to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, the tourism industry must align its activities with these goals. Many tourism businesses are undergoing profound changes, embracing digital technologies and redesigning processes to prioritize sustainability. In recent years, the concept of regenerative tourism has emerged, setting even more ambitious goals. Regenerative tourism aims to proactively regenerate communities, cultures, nature, and economic systems. While lacking a stable academic definition, regenerative tourism is already driving the development of innovative tourism experiences that have transformative effects on specific destinations. This paper provides an exploratory analysis of regenerative tourism, including a literature review and an analysis of selected regenerative tourism practices in Portugal. Through qualitative analysis, the study examines the practices adopted by tourism stakeholders and evaluates their economic, social, and environmental benefits. The findings and lessons learned from these cases serve as valuable guidance for other destinations interested in embracing regenerative tourism principles and practices. Ultimately, the study contributes to the advancement of a more resilient and regenerative global tourism industry.

An Overview of Foreign Direct Investments in Tourism and Hospitality Industry

An Overview of Foreign Direct Investments in Tourism and Hospitality Industry
(An Overview of Foreign Direct Investments in Tourism and Hospitality Industry)

Author(s):Elvis Mujačević
Language:English
Subject(s):Financial Markets, Tourism
Page Range:335-344
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Tourism; Job creation; Foreign direct investments
Summary/Abstract:Tourism is one of the leading economic sectors of our time. The Tourism Investment report by fDi Intelligence of the Financial Times shows the link between foreign direct investment in tourism as a driver of job creation and economic growth worldwide. In an increasingly interconnected global economy, foreign direct investments (FDI) play a pivotal role in shaping the growth trajectory of various sectors. One such sector that has witnessed a substantial impact from FDI is tourism, a thriving industry that not only contributes significantly to a nation's GDP but also plays a pivotal role in job creation. This article delves into the symbiotic relationship between foreign direct investments in tourism and the generation of employment opportunities, shedding light on the mutual benefits that arise when nations open their doors to international investors. It also explores the significance of foreign direct investments in tourism, examining the positive effects on economic development, job creation, and the overall sustainability of the sector.

Development of a Tourist Experience Model with the Aim of Increasing Economic Efficiency – On the Example of the Destination Sofia

Development of a Tourist Experience Model with the Aim of Increasing Economic Efficiency – On the Example of the Destination Sofia
(Development of a Tourist Experience Model with the Aim of Increasing Economic Efficiency – On the Example of the Destination Sofia)

Author(s):Irena Emilova, Margarita Misheva, Violeta Doneva Yankulova
Language:English
Subject(s):Marketing / Advertising, Tourism
Page Range:345-356
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Model; Economic efficiency; Development; Experiences; Sofia; Destination
Summary/Abstract:The research examines current trends in destination development and the increasing demand for services that create experiential value through additional services and travel opportunities. This pursuit of experiences aims to facilitate rejuvenation, capitalizing on the abundant tourism resources, exemplified by Sofia city. Objective: This study aims to construct a comprehensive tourism experiential model for the given destination, employing an integrated approach that harnesses the untapped potential of various resources within the tourist area. The primary goal is to enhance the destination's economic efficiency. This approach envisions multifaceted benefits, including bolstering the tourism sector, contributing to GDP growth, and fostering sustainable advancement for urban destinations. Furthermore, it aims to foster year-round growth in demand and supply for tourist products and services in Sofia. The focal point lies in exploiting the destination's developmental prospects, fueled by evolving consumer preferences, driven by the quest for authentic and distinct travel experiences.

Digital Experience Scale Development: An Application in Rural Heritage Tourism

Digital Experience Scale Development: An Application in Rural Heritage Tourism
(Digital Experience Scale Development: An Application in Rural Heritage Tourism)

Author(s):Suzana Marković, Sanja Raspor Janković
Language:English
Subject(s):Tourism, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
Page Range:357-365
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Digital experience dimensions; Scale development; Experience measurement; Rural heritage tourism
Summary/Abstract:By using qualitative and quantitative research approaches, this study aims to develop a measurement scale for evaluating digital experience in the context of heritage tourism. The three-step procedure was used to conceptualize, create, and validate a digital experience scale. Conceptualization is based on key digital experience dimensions extracted from the literature review. The developed digital experience scale consists of seven dimensions: expectation confirmation, perceived enjoyment/entertainment, engagement, perceived ease of use, education, escapism, and aesthetics. The scale was tested in a small heritage site located in a rural tourist destination in Croatia. The results show adequate reliability and validity of the measurement scale, implying its applicability in future research on the digital experience of heritage visitors. Therefore, this study extends the experience measurement literature and adds to the knowledge of digital technology implementation in small rural heritage sites.

Sustainable Development of Spa Tourism through the Mobilization of Local Resources

Sustainable Development of Spa Tourism through the Mobilization of Local Resources
(Sustainable Development of Spa Tourism through the Mobilization of Local Resources)

Author(s):Boban Đurović
Language:English
Subject(s):Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:367-374
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Spa tourism; Sustainable development; Spa destinations; Sustainable tourism
Summary/Abstract:The heterogeneous needs and demands of tourists have led to the development of different types of tourism. Due to the desire to spend a part of their time outside of the usual daily activities, tourists today are increasingly developing needs that are in line with the principles of sustainable development. The Republic of Serbia is often referred to as the land of spas, due to numerous thermal mineral springs, which have been used as tourist destinations for decades. In order to preserve the value of spas, and then improve the spa's position as a sustainable tourist destination, strategic decisions are needed that will ensure the use of the resources available to the spa, while respecting the principles of sustainable development. Bearing in mind the above, this paper aims to examine the possibilities of spa tourism development through the mobilization, ie engagement of local resources.

Possibility of Application of the Triple Helix Model with the Aim of Sustainable Development of Republic of Srpska’s Spa

Possibility of Application of the Triple Helix Model with the Aim of Sustainable Development of Republic of Srpska’s Spa
(Possibility of Application of the Triple Helix Model with the Aim of Sustainable Development of Republic of Srpska’s Spa)

Author(s):Vesna Novaković, Sanel Jakupović
Language:English
Subject(s):Tourism, Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:375-382
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Management; The Triple helix model; Digitalization; Open innovation
Summary/Abstract:This study aims to show how we can apply the Triple helix model to improve the development and management of the spa recreational potential of the Republic of Srpska. The lack of a unique platform that would repre¬sent the spa-recreational potential of the Republic of Srpska as a destination that is rich in visual content and is based on a segmentation model, was an incentive for this paper. The research concept is based on the Triple Helix model by bringing together higher education institutions, tourism small and medium enterprises, and government representatives. Also, the research aims to collect and analyze data on the possibilities of improving the business of spas through greater promotion of their activities.

Analysis of Stay of Cruise Ships in the Port of Kotor

Analysis of Stay of Cruise Ships in the Port of Kotor
(Analysis of Stay of Cruise Ships in the Port of Kotor)

Author(s):Nikola Konjević, Sava Popović
Language:English
Subject(s):Tourism
Page Range:383-391
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Cruise tourism; Transit cruise port; Bay of Kotor; Adriatic Sea
Summary/Abstract:The business mission of ports specialized in receiving cruise ships is the optimal use of capacity for the reception and dispatch of ships and tourists sailing on them while applying all safety, security and environmental standards. Hence, the aim is to maximize the number of ship and passenger arrivals, and their time spent in the port. Using the port of Kotor example, this paper presents the achieved results of this mission. The main goal of reviewing this topic is to determine the correlation between the size of a ship and the place of its stay in the port and to define tendencies regarding the length of its stay. The paper also seeks to affirm the position of Kotor as a recognized point on the itinerary of cruise ships sailing the Adriatic and the Mediterranean.

Paleontological Tourism in the Cold World as a Promising Direction of the Arctic Tourism Development

Paleontological Tourism in the Cold World as a Promising Direction of the Arctic Tourism Development
(Paleontological Tourism in the Cold World as a Promising Direction of the Arctic Tourism Development)

Author(s):Ekaterina Romanova, Liudmila Zamorshchikova
Language:English
Subject(s):Tourism
Page Range:393-399
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Paleontological tourism; Zone of permafrost; Yakutia; Mammoth fauna
Summary/Abstract:The strategy of the geopolitical component of the Arctic and the North is being updated. Tourism plays an important role in solving social problems, ensuring employment growth, and improving the well-being of the population. In the global aspect, tourism is one of the important areas that affect the growth of the economy, including the development of economic activity areas such as the services of travel companies, transport, communications, trade, production of souvenirs and other products, food and others, moreover, it represents a powerful innovative resource for the socio-economic development of the region. The concept of the development of Arctic tourism in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia), the most northern territory of Russia, reflects the current situation in the northern regions of the republic, its recreational resources, and tourism potential. Thus, unique natural, historical and cultural resources and objects of historical and archaeological heritage are concentrated on the territory of this region. Such a wide range of potentially attractive tourist sites and complexes can be very popular with Russian and foreign tourists, as well as residents of the republic. The relevance of the research is also connected with the world narrative associated with global environmental at societal challenges – climate changes and sustainable development of the arctic territories and indigenous peoples. One of the important components of Arctic tourism in Russia should be the paleontological tourism in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) because of the big zone of permafrost. The promotion of paleontological tourist destinations and knowledge in the modern world is associated with unique finds of fossil fauna (primarily related to the Mesozoic era), as well as ancient monuments associated with the remains of the first people.

The Employment of Standardized Recipes, an Essential Prerequisite for Consistent Quality of the Culinary Product

The Employment of Standardized Recipes, an Essential Prerequisite for Consistent Quality of the Culinary Product
(The Employment of Standardized Recipes, an Essential Prerequisite for Consistent Quality of the Culinary Product)

Author(s):Kliment Naumov
Language:English
Subject(s):Customs / Folklore, Tourism
Page Range:401-410
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Standardized recipes; Food quality; Food consistency; Substantial gastronomic product
Summary/Abstract:A standardized recipe can be defined as guidance for the constant preparation of an assemblage of food or drink at an expected quality. The use of standardized recipes is justified for the reasons of inventory control, creativity, simplicity and consistency. The standard recipe or technical sheet includes certain irreplaceable elements: recipe name, yield, portion size, weight/amount, measure/unit, ingredients, instructions, and notes. The technical sheet is one of the most powerful documents in a food service operation. The benefits of the standardized recipes are vast. It is the basis for the planning of the kitchen and its inventory. It enables the chef to predict and control the quality, quantity and portion cost of the final product by stating all the ingredients and preparation details. There is an increase in consumer satisfaction due to the constant delivery of high-quality and consistent food. There is better control over the yield and the number of the produced portions. Standard recipes are important for faster training of food service employees because of the supply of relevant information and set standards ensuring logical flow of work and increasing labor efficiency. And finally, the risk of foodborne illnesses is limited if the instructions on technical sheets are accurately followed.

Migration Movement of the Bulgarian Population and Socio-Economic Effects under the Pressure of an Increased Refugee Flow

Migration Movement of the Bulgarian Population and Socio-Economic Effects under the Pressure of an Increased Refugee Flow
(Migration Movement of the Bulgarian Population and Socio-Economic Effects under the Pressure of an Increased Refugee Flow)

Author(s):Kristina Petrova Hristova
Language:English
Subject(s):Migration Studies
Page Range:411-416
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Migrations; Demographic situation; Natural increase; Refugees
Summary/Abstract:The migration of the population is a very important element of demographic development. The current demographic situation in the Republic of Bulgaria is very difficult, migration processes are taking on increasingly serious dimensions. After the democratic changes in 1989, now more than thirty years, the demographic processes have a negative sign - negative natural increase, negative migration balance, strong aging of the population, and deterioration of the age structure, which leads to a permanent decrease of the population. There are different reasons - military, political, economic, and climatic problems led to increased refugee flows passing through the territory of the country, which further complicate the socio-economic situation. The employees of the security sector in the Ministry of Internal Affairs are facing huge refugee pressure. Their preparation and actions are extremely important for dealing with any problems that may arise on the territory of the country.

Efficiency of Agricultural Soil Withdrawals – Case of Slovakia

Efficiency of Agricultural Soil Withdrawals – Case of Slovakia
(Efficiency of Agricultural Soil Withdrawals – Case of Slovakia)

Author(s):Lucia Palšova, Dominika Čeryová, Zina Machičova
Language:English
Subject(s):Social Sciences, Agriculture
Page Range:417-427
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Protection of agricultural soil; Agricultural land withdrawals; Sustainable agriculture
Summary/Abstract:Policymakers, scientists or academic experts agree on the necessity of agricultural soil concerning different areas (e.g. rural sustainability, and so on). In response to the above, the EU is therefore taking various measures in the form of concrete strategies for the protection of agricultural soil. The main aim of the paper was to analyse the current state of agricultural soil and its development in the territory of Slovakia, with a special emphasis on the investigation of agricultural soil withdrawals for non-agricultural purposes. The results of regression and correlation analysis showed a statistically significant dependence between the purpose and several quality groups of withdrawn soil in Slovakia. The most common purposes of soil withdrawals were housing and industry which have a demonstrable impact on the constant decrease of agricultural soil. In conclusion, the authors proposed a complex of systematic measures to reduce the volume of agricultural soil withdrawals.

Climate Change Impact on Agricultural Production

Climate Change Impact on Agricultural Production
(Climate Change Impact on Agricultural Production)

Author(s):Slave Camelia, Man Carmen Mihaela
Language:English
Subject(s):Agriculture
Page Range:429-434
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Climate changes; Crops; European Union; Production; Surfaces
Summary/Abstract:The purpose of this study is to provide a model with the help of GIS technology to monitor the negative consequences of climate change that occur in Dolj County as a consequence of the aridification phenomenon. The two crops are also presented with the areas occupied by them and the productions obtained over 8 years. The CLC map of the study area provides data on surface occupation. The information can be used to invest in the county's agriculture. An inventory can be made of areas affected by climate change, subjected to significant investments through the planting of protective acacia curtains and irrigation. Surface and production data are available for free download from the National Institute of Statistics for the period 2015-2022.

Climate Change Impact on Financial Reporting – A Theoretical Approach

Climate Change Impact on Financial Reporting – A Theoretical Approach
(Climate Change Impact on Financial Reporting – A Theoretical Approach)

Author(s):Almina Monoku
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Energy and Environmental Studies
Page Range:435-444
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Climate change; Financial Reporting Standards; Non financial information
Summary/Abstract:Climate change has a dual effect on the financial dimension of companies: on one hand companies spend more to meet the requirements of climate impact and meeting climate targets and on the other hand the climate regulations have increased the burden of financial regulation and financial reporting. This paper aims to discuss the theoretical approach that has been suggested in the literature to tackle the increased burden of disclosing financial information related to climate change. The paper discusses the main Climate-Related Risks, Opportunities, and Financial Impacts and what the preparers of financial statements have to keep in mind while publishing financial and non-financial information. Based on thorough research of recent theoretical and empirical publications the author finds that the most impacted financial reporting standards are standards on financial instruments, standards on Insurance Contracts on items such as asset impairment, changes in the useful life of assets, changes in the fair valuation of assets due to climate-related and emerging risks, increased costs and/or reduced demand for products and services, potential provisions and contingent liabilities arising from fines and penalties; and changes in expected credit losses for loans and other financial assets. As the requirement to disclose more financial and non-financial information related to climate impact is expected to increase in the future, the author concludes with several recommendations that will very soon be relevant for big and medium companies.

Water and Air Purification Technologies and Equipment in the Sustainable National Development Context

Water and Air Purification Technologies and Equipment in the Sustainable National Development Context
(Water and Air Purification Technologies and Equipment in the Sustainable National Development Context)

Author(s):Nicolete Rotariu, Cristian Silviu Simionescu
Language:English
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental and Energy policy
Page Range:445-453
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Environmental protection; Sustainable development; "Anthropocene Era"
Summary/Abstract:The aim of this paper consists of an interdisciplinary approach to air and water environmental factors impact evaluation to eliminate the potentially adverse effects, using high-performance technologies and equipment so that the status of the ecosystems is not affected by human activities. This new era can be defined as the "Anthropocene Era" which impact also requires increased responsibility, conscious management, and environmental protection area-related activities. The theoretical significance and applied value of the paper consists of highlighting the problems faced by Romania regarding the impact of pollution on the environmental factors of water and air, using performance methods and techniques. The authors of the paper, following the risk analysis, highlight the impact generated by pollution, to reduce these effects and reach the targets assumed by Romania as a member state of the United Nations and the European Union, within the UN Summit for Sustainable Development. Sustainable development also seeks to find a stable theoretical framework for decision-making in any situation where there is a human-environment relationship. Sustainable development promotes the concept of reconciling economic and social progress without jeopardizing the natural balance of the planet and at the same time without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Africa, Water and Climate Change

Africa, Water and Climate Change
(Africa, Water and Climate Change)

Author(s):Ciprian-Beniamin Benea, Adina Sacara Onita, Andira-Teodora Parumb
Language:English
Subject(s):Supranational / Global Economy, Energy and Environmental Studies
Page Range:455-462
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Access to water; Colonial inheritance; Dams; Population; Water stress
Summary/Abstract:This paper aims to bring to the European audience the importance of connections between water and climate change on the African continent; even though this continent could be regarded as somewhere in the southern hemisphere, the globalized world we already live in proves the contrary. In fact, it is very close to us. As population dynamics will put higher pressures on available natural resources in Africa, the migratory pressure from that continent, which already is felt on the European continent, not only could bring social or political upheavals there, but it could complicate the socio-economic equilibrium closer to us. Furthermore, in the context of climate change, there are needed some measures to be taken in order to prevent such a scenario from taking place. And among other key resources, the most important, which is related to everything, is water; the way it would be used in Africa and how would it be distributed could make a difference.

Decarbonization Initiatives among Leading Power Utility Players

Decarbonization Initiatives among Leading Power Utility Players
(Decarbonization Initiatives among Leading Power Utility Players)

Author(s):Vlado Georgievski, Nevenka Kiteva Rogleva
Language:English
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies
Page Range:463-473
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Decarbonization; CO2 reduction; Net-zero strategy; Power utilities
Summary/Abstract:Decarbonization of the power sector means a reduction of its CO2 intensity, which reduces the emission of carbon dioxide per unit of electricity generated. In order to meet the emission reduction targets pledged to the Paris Agreement on climate change, power utility companies need to develop strategies on how to decarbonize their generation assets. Companies must achieve carbon neutrality by 2050, which is necessary to meet the targets of the Paris Agreement of capping global temperature rise at 1.5°C and to meet the less ambitious 2°C target. Rapid decarbonization of the power sector is needed particularly as heat and transport sectors are electrified, creating an increase in demand for electric power. Decarbonization is being achieved by increasing the share of low-carbon energy sources, particularly renewables, and a corresponding reduction in the use of fossil fuels. Worldwide, renewables now produce a third of power capacity.

Trends in Hydrogen Production Projects for Energy and Climate Purposes – A Descriptive Analysis of the IEA Database

Trends in Hydrogen Production Projects for Energy and Climate Purposes – A Descriptive Analysis of the IEA Database
(Trends in Hydrogen Production Projects for Energy and Climate Purposes – A Descriptive Analysis of the IEA Database)

Author(s):Elena Ocenic
Language:English
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies
Page Range:475-480
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Hydrogen production; IEA database; Energy and climate
Summary/Abstract:This paper analyses the global project database on hydrogen production from the International Energy Agency (IEA), comprising 1477 projects for energy and climate purposes. Through quantitative analysis and data visualization, the research centers on renewable-powered hydrogen projects, encompassing various production methods. Across 80 countries, Germany, Australia, and the United States exhibit the most projects (182, 118, 114). Most of the projects are in developmental stages, with 35% undergoing feasibility studies, 23% in concept stages, and 15% operational. Notably, 66 operational projects are renewable-powered, Germany leading with 19, followed by China (8), Great Britain, and Spain (4 each). Technologies include proton exchange membrane electrolysis, alkaline electrolysis, and others. This work underscores global hydrogen production efforts, spotlighting countries pioneering renewable-driven facilities for this energy carrier.

Tourism Impacts on the Air, Light and Noise Pollution

Tourism Impacts on the Air, Light and Noise Pollution
(Tourism Impacts on the Air, Light and Noise Pollution)

Author(s):Lejla Žunić
Language:English
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Tourism
Page Range:481-491
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Tourism; Impacts; Air-light-noise pollution; Living world
Summary/Abstract:Various activities in the tourism sector, especially transportation, have a negative impact on the atmospheric complex. The paper aims to research tourism's impact on global carbon dioxide emissions, the generation of photochemical smog, and noise and light pollution. Various tourism industry activities have been identified, as well as tourist transport factors on which the intensity of air pollution depends. To demonstrate the harmful effects, statistical indicators and other results of modern scientific research were used, including the consequences of pollution on the living world. The paper provides current knowledge in the field, highlighting the risks of mass tourism, and the global need for more rational planning of sustainable tourism development.

Some Alternative Strategies Applied to Brewery Spent Grains for the Development of Sustainable Recycling Solutions in the Agro-Food Industry

Some Alternative Strategies Applied to Brewery Spent Grains for the Development of Sustainable Recycling Solutions in the Agro-Food Industry
(Some Alternative Strategies Applied to Brewery Spent Grains for the Development of Sustainable Recycling Solutions in the Agro-Food Industry)

Author(s):Luljeta Pinguli, Ilirjan Malollari
Language:English
Subject(s):Agriculture, Energy and Environmental Studies
Page Range:493-500
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Brewer’s spent grain (BSG); By-products; Recovery and recycle; Stabilization; Pretreatment methods
Summary/Abstract:Brewer’s spent grain (BSG) is a raw material produced during beer production that has a high potential for sustainable reuse. BSG is considered an important feedstock for producing several products. Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is the main by-product obtained after wort production commonly used as animal feed. Recently research work has focused on application in different areas, because of BSG’s low cost, large availability, and valuable chemical composition. Brewer's spent grain forms 85% of the total by-products generated. Of the breweries that produce potential by-products, their recovery is another cost-effective pollution prevention option that can provide a facility with significant economic benefits while simultaneously reducing waste production. BSG water content is around 80 - 85 %. Dry BSG content has around 60-63% hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, protein content is around 22-25%, lipids 8-9%, phenolic compounds 1.7-2%, ash 2.5%. In Albania spent grain is used as feed for animals without any other pretreatment. Our experiment is focused on spent grain pretreatment and stabilization techniques to extend BSG’s life. BSG pretreatment/stabilization techniques can be employed as a function of their future destination such as energy production, food additives production, using BSG as a substrate for enzyme production, etc. In this paper, we have used three different pretreatment/stabilization procedures. Thin layer drying technique, alginate treatment of BSG, and vacuum filtration of BSG with cold and hot water. For each sample, we have monitored drying kinetics based on the remaining water content and BSG’s life.

The Recognition of the Right to a Healthy and Protected Environment in Europe and Romania

The Recognition of the Right to a Healthy and Protected Environment in Europe and Romania
(The Recognition of the Right to a Healthy and Protected Environment in Europe and Romania)

Author(s):Gabriela A. Popoviciu, Mircea-Sebastian Mancia, Emanuela-Lulia Dragomir, Luliu-Cristian Dragomir
Language:English
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Environmental and Energy policy
Page Range:501-511
No. of Pages:12
Keywords:Right to a healthy and protected environment; Environmental policies; Clean environment
Summary/Abstract:The present paper wants to bring more knowledge regarding the environment, the legislation regarding environmental conservation, as well as notions regarding ecology and environmental protection. The authors consider the topic exciting due to its topicality, expansion and importance, requiring extensive research and documentation, to assemble the knowledge necessary for its development. Environmental protection is a major issue of the last decade debated worldwide, a fact that has given rise to numerous disputes between developed and developing countries. Our environmental policies ensure a clean environment for the health of the country's inhabitants, decrease poverty and environmental damage, ensure economic growth for the benefit of current and future generations, and harmonize specific environmental legislation with that of the European Union. But, without behavioral transformations from human beings' side and our education in this sense, sustainable development can’t be ensured.

Short Considerations Regarding the European and Romanian Legislation on the Recovery of Municipal and Similar Waste in Energy Recovery Incineration Plants

Short Considerations Regarding the European and Romanian Legislation on the Recovery of Municipal and Similar Waste in Energy Recovery Incineration Plants
(Short Considerations Regarding the European and Romanian Legislation on the Recovery of Municipal and Similar Waste in Energy Recovery Incineration Plants)

Author(s):Cliza Marta Claudia, Spataru-Negura Laura Cristiana
Language:English
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies
Page Range:513-523
No. of Pages:11
Keywords:Energy; Incineration plants; Municipal waste; Recovery; Romania
Summary/Abstract:The scope of this study is to make a summary presentation of the aspects concerning the Romanian regulation on the recovery of municipal and similar waste in energy recovery incineration plants. The authors underline that, just like the European legislation, Romanian national legislation supports and encourages recovery operations, so that the waste is used as much as possible, including for obtaining electricity and/or thermal energy, and the quantity of municipal waste disposed in waste storage facilities is reduced as much as possible. One of the targets required by the Romanian National Waste Management Plan, was that the quantity of stored municipal waste to be reduced to a maximum of 10%, until 2030, Romania being granted the opportunity to benefit from an additional five-year term, provided that all measures required in order to reduce the quantity of stored municipal waste to 20% of the total quantity of generated waste are implemented until 2030. NWMP also provides that one of the priorities of Romania in what concerns waste management and prevention is encouraging the production of energy from waste that cannot be recycled, by providing at the same time that the incineration of municipal waste with energy recovery is a very used and well-known technology.

Corporate Fraud and Liability Provisions in Albania

Corporate Fraud and Liability Provisions in Albania
(Corporate Fraud and Liability Provisions in Albania)

Author(s):Ledja Burnazi Mitllari
Language:English
Subject(s):Business Ethics, Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption
Page Range:525-533
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Corporate fraud; Albania Company Law; Liability

Role of Courts in Whistleblowers Protection in the Czech Republic

Role of Courts in Whistleblowers Protection in the Czech Republic
(Role of Courts in Whistleblowers Protection in the Czech Republic)

Author(s):Aleš Pachmann
Language:English
Subject(s):Criminal Law, Civil Law, Corruption - Transparency - Anti-Corruption
Page Range:535-541
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Whistleblower; Courts; Protection
Summary/Abstract:DIRECTIVE (EU) 2019/1937 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 October 2019 on the protection of persons who report breaches of the Union was implemented in the Czech Republic by the law no. 171/2023 Coll. effective from 1st August 2023. So far there is a modest related court practice concerning the abovementioned Directive from the Czech Republic. The aim of this paper is to evaluate and analyse existing court decisions in this way. The author of this paper as a whistleblower managed to initiate these proceedings as a plaintiff and he is not aware of similar proceedings in this way in the Czech Republic until now. Even delays in proceedings were qualified as retaliatory measures.

The Methods of Hard Power and Soft Power in International Law

The Methods of Hard Power and Soft Power in International Law
(The Methods of Hard Power and Soft Power in International Law)

Author(s):Azam Korbayram, Elif Hoca
Language:English
Subject(s):International Law
Page Range:543-548
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:United Nations; Collective security; Intervention
Summary/Abstract:After the catastrophic and devastating consequences of World War II, which shook the whole world, the UN was established, one of the main goals of which was to establish the legal framework of the basic principles for the use of military force and military intervention. Namely, for the preservation of collective security, the Charter of the organization itself and numerous conventions strictly prohibit war and the use of force between the subjects of international law. In that context, various steps have been taken and binding prohibitions on the use of force have been introduced. The motive of the research consists of the introduced mechanisms for the preservation of collective security. Namely, the paper tries to analyze the legal framework of the concepts of military power and soft power. The paper tries to investigate (the differences between) the concepts of power, conflict, military power and soft power with their methods and mechanisms provided by international law.

The Role of Criminal Psychology in Albania’s Criminal Justice System

The Role of Criminal Psychology in Albania’s Criminal Justice System
(The Role of Criminal Psychology in Albania’s Criminal Justice System)

Author(s):Ivas Konini
Language:English
Subject(s):Criminal Law, Studies in violence and power, Victimology
Page Range:549-557
No. of Pages:10
Keywords:Criminal psychology; Forensic psychologist; Justice system; Criminal proceedings; Albania
Summary/Abstract:Forensic psychology is an emerging field that has gained increasing attention in the Albanian justice system. It encompasses the application of psychological knowledge and principles to aid judges, attorneys, and law enforcement officials in understanding complex legal issues, investigating crimes, and making informed decisions. The purpose of this paper is to explore the role and significance of forensic psychology in the Albanian justice system. Forensic psychologists in Albania play a crucial role in criminal proceedings by providing expert psychological assessments of defendants, witnesses, and victims. They evaluate the mental capacity and state of mind of defendants at the time of the crime, which helps judges and juries to make informed decisions. Forensic psychologists also assist with profiling, risk assessments, and other investigative techniques to aid in criminal investigations. One of the essential benefits of using forensic psychology in the Albanian justice system is to reduce prejudice and bias. Forensic psychologists provide objective, scientific evidence to the court, which improves the fairness and accuracy of criminal trials. The challenge facing forensic psychology in Albania is the lack of specialized training and education programs in forensic psychology. There are few professionals in the field, and therefore, forensic psychology services are not widely available. Investing in more education and training programs would increase the number of qualified experts in the field, thus leading to more extensive and effective utilization of forensic psychology in criminal proceedings. In conclusion, forensic psychology is a vital aspect of the Albanian justice system. Its use can help reduce bias and prejudice in criminal trials while improving the accuracy of decisions. However, the field faces challenges in terms of the need for specialized training and education programs for professionals. By finding the right balance between complexity and variation, we can ensure that our content is engaging and informative.

Earth-Fault Detection Using Fuzzy Logic in Electrical Distribution Networks

Earth-Fault Detection Using Fuzzy Logic in Electrical Distribution Networks
(Earth-Fault Detection Using Fuzzy Logic in Electrical Distribution Networks)

Author(s):Razvan Moise
Language:English
Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies
Page Range:559-565
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Fuzzy logic; Expert systems; Earth-fault detection; Petersen coil; Admittance method
Summary/Abstract:The optimal functioning of electrical distribution networks is to maintain the voltage to acceptable limits in order not to affect the insulation of the electric lines. During a nominal regime the voltage variation is not so big due to the several voltage regulation methods, but during a fault regime, usually during earth-faults can occur overvoltages that affect the line insulation. That is why earth-fault must identified and eliminated as quickly as possible. In the present medium voltage networks, the earth-fault detection is made using the admittance and current injection method. That means that in the normal regime, the system measures the reference homopolar admittances of every electric line that is supplied from the substation busbar after each tunning cycle for the Petersen Coil. By injecting a current in the coil it can discover the line with the biggest asymmetry in a 20-30ms time interval, which is the earth-faulted line. This method is perfectly functional when is precisely known the homopolar current and the capacitive current of the grid. There are projects where the Holmgreen filter is chosen with a big nominal current and the measuring of the homopolar current is done with errors because of the small earth-fault current in the medium voltage networks with Petersen coil and this way the earth-fault detection can function with errors. The classic method needs precise data in order to have good results. The article is researching the possibility of detecting the earth-faults with fuzzy logic. The fuzzy logic uses artificial intelligence and allows earth-fault detection even if the input data is not so accurate because of the errors given by the instrument transformers. So using several logic rules, the phase and the circuit with earth fault can be successfully identified even if the input data is not so precise. The expert fuzzy systems can be successfully used in earth-fault detection and also in detecting any kind of fault with superior results to the classical method because using the data with errors can obtain good results using the logic small, normal, and big for currents and voltages in the system can take decisions similar to the human operator.

Comparison of Two Nitrite UV-VIS Spectrophotometric Analysis Methods in Meat Processed Product

Comparison of Two Nitrite UV-VIS Spectrophotometric Analysis Methods in Meat Processed Product
(Comparison of Two Nitrite UV-VIS Spectrophotometric Analysis Methods in Meat Processed Product)

Author(s):Ilirjana Boci
Language:English
Subject(s):Agriculture, Health and medicine and law
Page Range:567-574
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Nitrite analysis; Spectrophotometry methods; Calibration curves; Recovery
Summary/Abstract:In most countries, the use of nitrite in meat processed products either ingoing or the residual amount, is regulated by law. This regulation is continuously updated reflecting the newest and most relevant data after better understanding nitrite's potential harmful effects and its transformation pathways in organisms. Sodium nitrite added to meat products is partly converted to the heat stable NO-myoglobin and to nitrate by oxidation, acting this way as an antioxidant. These biochemical red ox reactions are not fully understood because they depend on many variables in meat matrixes. Nitrite residual content is limited at lower than 100 mg/kg product for most of the meat processed products, but because of the abovementioned biochemical often simultaneous reactions, its monitoring should be continuous based on a scientific sampling methodology and accurate methods of analysis. This paper aims to compare two UV-Vis spectrophotometric methods against the reference ISO method for nitrite analysis to recommend their use in specific cases. These methods mainly differ in the nitrite extraction procedures from the meat matrices. The SF UV-Vis AOAC method based on nitrite extraction in natural meat sample conditions and the method proposed by Merino L. in alkaline conditions are compared to the ISO method by plotting the interaction graph of the data obtained. The results obtained are satisfactory and the author recommends the Merino method when nitrate is to be analyzed in the same sample, otherwise, the AOAC method would be the choice as not much sample handling is required.

Assessing the Impacts of Price Controls on Emerging Markets: Evidence from Tirana City, Albania

Assessing the Impacts of Price Controls on Emerging Markets: Evidence from Tirana City, Albania
(Assessing the Impacts of Price Controls on Emerging Markets: Evidence from Tirana City, Albania)

Author(s):Brunela Trebicka, Azeta Tartaraj
Language:English
Subject(s):Socio-Economic Research
Page Range:575-582
No. of Pages:8
Keywords:Price controls; Social safety nets; Regulatory environment; Economic growth; Fiscal sustainability
Summary/Abstract:This study examines the effects of price controls in emerging markets, focusing specifically on Tirana City, Albania. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach that merges quantitative price data analysis with qualitative evaluations of its socio-economic impacts, the research aims to shed light on the effectiveness and repercussions of price controls. Findings suggest that while these controls can act as temporary social policy tools, they often lead to negative economic consequences, including stifled investment, hampered growth, worsened poverty, and substantial fiscal strains. The study emphasizes adopting targeted social safety nets, reforms, and a stable framework to mitigate price control effects, highlighting the role of transparent stabilization funds for fiscal sustainability. Exploring price control implications in Tirana City, contributes to the dialogue on regulation management in emerging markets, advocating for strategies that harmonize social objectives with economic growth, and urging policymakers to seek balanced approaches for long-term prosperity.

Marketing of the Territory of Tirana City, Albania: Strategies for Economic Development and Tourism Promotion

Marketing of the Territory of Tirana City, Albania: Strategies for Economic Development and Tourism Promotion
(Marketing of the Territory of Tirana City, Albania: Strategies for Economic Development and Tourism Promotion)

Author(s):Azeta Tartaraj, Brunela Trebicka
Language:English
Subject(s):Economic policy, Tourism
Page Range:583-588
No. of Pages:6
Keywords:Marketing; Territory; Tirana City; Economic development; Tourism promotion
Summary/Abstract:This study examines the role of territorial marketing in enhancing economic growth and tourism in Tirana City, Albania. Employing a mixed-methods approach, including stakeholder interviews and tourism data analysis, the research highlights the significant impact of effective marketing strategies tailored to Tirana's unique attractions. These strategies not only attract tourists but also stimulate local economic activities. The study underscores the importance of public-private partnerships and digital marketing in boosting territorial marketing efforts. However, its focus on Tirana limits the findings' applicability to other areas, and the reliance on existing tourism statistics may not fully reflect all marketing activities. Future research could delve into the long-term impacts of marketing initiatives and tourist preferences. Ultimately, strategic marketing of Tirana’s territory could make it a more appealing destination, offering valuable insights for policymakers and tourism professionals aiming for sustainable development and tourism growth.

ERAZ 2023 / 9 - Knowledge-Based Sustainable Development - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS ERAZ 2023 / 9 - Knowledge-Based Sustainable Development - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

Sustainable Development in the World of Lies

Sustainable Development in the World of Lies (Sustainable Development in the World of Lies)

Sustainable Development Management and Its Role in the Organizations

Sustainable Development Management and Its Role in the Organizations (Sustainable Development Management and Its Role in the Organizations)

Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals in European and Western Balkans Countries

Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals in European and Western Balkans Countries (Implementation of Sustainable Development Goals in European and Western Balkans Countries)

Factors Determining Inflation in the American Economy: A Quantitative Analysis

Factors Determining Inflation in the American Economy: A Quantitative Analysis (Factors Determining Inflation in the American Economy: A Quantitative Analysis)

Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in Albania prefer Progressive Tax or Flat Tax

Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in Albania prefer Progressive Tax or Flat Tax (Small and Medium-Sized Businesses in Albania prefer Progressive Tax or Flat Tax)

Renewable Energy Financing during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Obstacles and Solutions

Renewable Energy Financing during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Obstacles and Solutions (Renewable Energy Financing during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Obstacles and Solutions)

Clean Energy Stock Indexes: Trends, Fluctuations, and Implications for Investors

Clean Energy Stock Indexes: Trends, Fluctuations, and Implications for Investors (Clean Energy Stock Indexes: Trends, Fluctuations, and Implications for Investors)

Will there be Dependencies between Oil Prices and Clean Energy Indexes?

Will there be Dependencies between Oil Prices and Clean Energy Indexes? (Will there be Dependencies between Oil Prices and Clean Energy Indexes?)

Cryptocurrency Market: Overreaction to News and Herd Instincts

Cryptocurrency Market: Overreaction to News and Herd Instincts (Cryptocurrency Market: Overreaction to News and Herd Instincts)

The Impact of the Economic Energy Crisis and the Geopolitical Context on the Price of Construction

The Impact of the Economic Energy Crisis and the Geopolitical Context on the Price of Construction (The Impact of the Economic Energy Crisis and the Geopolitical Context on the Price of Construction)

Chaotic Economic Growth and Investment in unmanned Aerial Systems: China and Russia

Chaotic Economic Growth and Investment in unmanned Aerial Systems: China and Russia (Chaotic Economic Growth and Investment in unmanned Aerial Systems: China and Russia)

Contemporary Priorities in the Development of the General Agricultural Policy of the European Union

Contemporary Priorities in the Development of the General Agricultural Policy of the European Union (Contemporary Priorities in the Development of the General Agricultural Policy of the European Union)

The Effectiveness of the Albanian Monetary Policy

The Effectiveness of the Albanian Monetary Policy (The Effectiveness of the Albanian Monetary Policy)

The Influence of Economic Activity on Income in the Regions of the Slovak Republic

The Influence of Economic Activity on Income in the Regions of the Slovak Republic (The Influence of Economic Activity on Income in the Regions of the Slovak Republic)

Trend Analysis of the Employment Rate in Slovakia Regions in the Period 2013–2022

Trend Analysis of the Employment Rate in Slovakia Regions in the Period 2013–2022 (Trend Analysis of the Employment Rate in Slovakia Regions in the Period 2013–2022)

The Qualification and Educational Level of Workforce as Employment Factor: Case Study in Nitra Region of Slovakia

The Qualification and Educational Level of Workforce as Employment Factor: Case Study in Nitra Region of Slovakia (The Qualification and Educational Level of Workforce as Employment Factor: Case Study in Nitra Region of Slovakia)

Empowering Romanian Entrepreneurs to Develop Social Business

Empowering Romanian Entrepreneurs to Develop Social Business (Empowering Romanian Entrepreneurs to Develop Social Business)

The “Black Swan” is “Green”: The Role of the Financial Sector in the Green Transition

The “Black Swan” is “Green”: The Role of the Financial Sector in the Green Transition (The “Black Swan” is “Green”: The Role of the Financial Sector in the Green Transition)

Risk Disclosures Related to Credit Derivative Use by U.S. and German Corporate Bond Funds between 2004 and 2010 – An Evaluation

Risk Disclosures Related to Credit Derivative Use by U.S. and German Corporate Bond Funds between 2004 and 2010 – An Evaluation (Risk Disclosures Related to Credit Derivative Use by U.S. and German Corporate Bond Funds between 2004 and 2010 – An Evaluation)

Internal Audit as a Quality Assurance Instrument: A Case Study from Garment Manufacturing Enterprises in the Western Balkan Region

Internal Audit as a Quality Assurance Instrument: A Case Study from Garment Manufacturing Enterprises in the Western Balkan Region (Internal Audit as a Quality Assurance Instrument: A Case Study from Garment Manufacturing Enterprises in the Western Balkan Region)

Customs Performance Measurement – the Evidence from North Macedonia

Customs Performance Measurement – the Evidence from North Macedonia (Customs Performance Measurement – the Evidence from North Macedonia)

How Innovation Drives Firm Performance in the Post COVID-19 Pandemic?

How Innovation Drives Firm Performance in the Post COVID-19 Pandemic? (How Innovation Drives Firm Performance in the Post COVID-19 Pandemic?)

Participative Management in the Framework of a Local Action Group

Participative Management in the Framework of a Local Action Group (Participative Management in the Framework of a Local Action Group)

On the Relationship between ISO Standards and the Logistic Performance Index

On the Relationship between ISO Standards and the Logistic Performance Index (On the Relationship between ISO Standards and the Logistic Performance Index)

Current Challenges Affecting the Development of Human Resources in Slovakia

Current Challenges Affecting the Development of Human Resources in Slovakia (Current Challenges Affecting the Development of Human Resources in Slovakia)

Slovak Self-Government's Gender Policy

Slovak Self-Government's Gender Policy (Slovak Self-Government's Gender Policy)

The Importance of R&D Projects in Serbia – The Role of Human Capital

The Importance of R&D Projects in Serbia – The Role of Human Capital (The Importance of R&D Projects in Serbia – The Role of Human Capital)

Human Strivings, between Social Change and Lifelong Learning

Human Strivings, between Social Change and Lifelong Learning (Human Strivings, between Social Change and Lifelong Learning)

The emotional Intelligence of the Leader – Is it a Must?

The emotional Intelligence of the Leader – Is it a Must? (The emotional Intelligence of the Leader – Is it a Must?)

Innovative Careers Ahead: Adapting to New Occupations and Competencies in the Future Workforce

Innovative Careers Ahead: Adapting to New Occupations and Competencies in the Future Workforce (Innovative Careers Ahead: Adapting to New Occupations and Competencies in the Future Workforce)

The Risks of Quiet Quitting: Exploring the Impact of Telework on Employee Psychological Departure

The Risks of Quiet Quitting: Exploring the Impact of Telework on Employee Psychological Departure (The Risks of Quiet Quitting: Exploring the Impact of Telework on Employee Psychological Departure)

Relationship between Hierarchical Values of Professional Activities and Theoretical and Practical Knowledge

Relationship between Hierarchical Values of Professional Activities and Theoretical and Practical Knowledge (Relationship between Hierarchical Values of Professional Activities and Theoretical and Practical Knowledge)

Financial Market Knowledge of the Young Generation: An Empirical Analysis of European Students*

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ERAZ 2023 / 9 - Knowledge-Based Sustainable Development - CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS

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Contemporary Priorities in the Development of the General Agricultural Policy of the European Union
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Customs Performance Measurement – the Evidence from North Macedonia
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Financial Market Knowledge of the Young Generation: An Empirical Analysis of European Students*
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Factors Associated with Self-Perceived Health Status in the Slovak Republic
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From Awareness to Action: How Social Media Users Respond to Femicide Cases
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Understanding Regenerative Tourism as a Catalyst for Sustainable Economies: An Analysis of Selected Practices
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An Overview of Foreign Direct Investments in Tourism and Hospitality Industry
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Migration Movement of the Bulgarian Population and Socio-Economic Effects under the Pressure of an Increased Refugee Flow
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Efficiency of Agricultural Soil Withdrawals – Case of Slovakia
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Climate Change Impact on Agricultural Production
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Climate Change Impact on Financial Reporting – A Theoretical Approach
(Climate Change Impact on Financial Reporting – A Theoretical Approach)

Water and Air Purification Technologies and Equipment in the Sustainable National Development Context
(Water and Air Purification Technologies and Equipment in the Sustainable National Development Context)

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Trends in Hydrogen Production Projects for Energy and Climate Purposes – A Descriptive Analysis of the IEA Database
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Tourism Impacts on the Air, Light and Noise Pollution
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Some Alternative Strategies Applied to Brewery Spent Grains for the Development of Sustainable Recycling Solutions in the Agro-Food Industry
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The Recognition of the Right to a Healthy and Protected Environment in Europe and Romania
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The Methods of Hard Power and Soft Power in International Law
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Earth-Fault Detection Using Fuzzy Logic in Electrical Distribution Networks
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Assessing the Impacts of Price Controls on Emerging Markets: Evidence from Tirana City, Albania
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