ITM 7 - Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in present Era - 7th ISSUE
ITM 7 - Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in present Era - 7th ISSUE
Contributor(s): Vuk Bevanda (Editor), Snežana Štetić (Editor)
Subject(s): Tourism
ISSN: 2683-5673
Published by: Udruženje ekonomista i menadžera Balkana
Series: MODERN MANAGEMENT & ECONOMY OF TOURISM
- Print-ISBN-13: 978-86-80194-56-1
- Page Count: 0
- Publication Year: 2022
- Language: English
Key Management Tools for Managing Tourism Firms and Destinations
Key Management Tools for Managing Tourism Firms and Destinations
(Key Management Tools for Managing Tourism Firms and Destinations)
- Author(s):Silvia Baiocco, Paola M.A. Paniccia
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Tourism
- Page Range:1-20
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:External environment; Internal environment; Competitive positioning
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter offers a sufficiently exhaustive overview of some key management tools appropriately selected by the authors. Given the close interconnection between tourism firms and destinations, its premise is that sustainable tourism paths can take place if both attempt to properly manage their common problems in the continuous adaptation to environmental evolutions. To do so, some tools consolidated in management literature, but still overlooked in tourism research and practice, can be valid support for tourism firms and destinations to analyze their external and internal environments. It is a basic condition to develop adequate knowledge of new opportunities and challenges deriving from the interplay between socioeconomic and environmental systems, acting accordingly. Therefore, these tools are needed to improve the impact of sustainable tourism through the propagation of sustainable business models. The chapter represents one of the very few attempts to point out the effectiveness of their joint consideration.
Testing the Purchasing Power Parity Hypothesis with Tourism Price Indices for OECD Countries
Testing the Purchasing Power Parity Hypothesis with Tourism Price Indices for OECD Countries
(Testing the Purchasing Power Parity Hypothesis with Tourism Price Indices for OECD Countries)
- Author(s):Jani Beko, Darja Boršič
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:21-49
- No. of Pages:30
- Keywords:Panel unit root tests; Tourism sector; Consumer price indices for hotels and restaurants; Price competitiveness
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter investigates the empirical validity of PPP for the group of 26 OECD economies. Four improvements are derived from the research. First, the testing strategy relies on two price indicators: the consumer price index for all items and the consumer price index for hotels and restaurants including catering and accommodation services. Second, the PPP theory is scrutinized by employing two base currencies; the US dollar and the euro. Third, the mean reversion hypothesis of OECD countries’ real exchange rates is evaluated by a variety of first-generation panel unit root tests plus by the Pesaran CIPS unit root test integrating potential correlations across residuals of panel units. Fourth, the PPP model is inspected on a new data set covering the period from February 2002 to October 2022. The results reveal robust evidence of mean reversion of real exchange rates in the panel of OECD countries.
Tourism Direct GDP in the Nordic Countries
Tourism Direct GDP in the Nordic Countries
(Tourism Direct GDP in the Nordic Countries)
- Author(s):Vesna Jablanović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:51-62
- No. of Pages:12
- Summary/Abstract:This paper examines the stability of tourism's total contribution to the gross domestic product. This indicator is measured as a percentage of total GDP. The basic aim of this paper is to create a relatively simple chaotic growth model of tourism's total contribution to the gross domestic product. Also, this paper examines the relationship between tourism and the gross domestic product in the Nordic countries. This paper confirms the existence of the growing stability of tourism contribution to GDP in the Nordic countries in the observed periods.
The Relationship between Tourism, Renewable Energy and Economic Growth in Western Balkan Countries
The Relationship between Tourism, Renewable Energy and Economic Growth in Western Balkan Countries
(The Relationship between Tourism, Renewable Energy and Economic Growth in Western Balkan Countries)
- Author(s):Ljiljana Kontić, Snežana Maksimović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Energy and Environmental Studies, Tourism
- Page Range:63-76
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Tourism; Sustainable development; Renewable energy; Economic growth; Western Balkan countries
- Summary/Abstract:The main aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between tourism, renewable energy and economic growth in Western Balkan countries. Tourism is one of the most significant sectors for growth across the Western Balkan countries. In this study, metadata has been used. A model in which economic growth is a function of renewable energy consumption and tourist arrivals has been explored. To test validity, the Granger causality has been used. The results showed that tourist arrivals had a positive impact on economic growth in Western Balkans. Renewable energy consumption had a significant positive impact on economic growth in all Western Balkan countries, too. Based on the research results, the recommendations for policy-makers are presented. The limitations and future research agenda are presented, too.
Tourism as a Function of the Economic Development of Serbia
Tourism as a Function of the Economic Development of Serbia
(Tourism as a Function of the Economic Development of Serbia)
- Author(s):Boban Dasic, Radmila Trklja
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:77-90
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Tourism; Economic growth and development; National economy
- Summary/Abstract:Tourism, as a branch of the economy, is characterized as a very complex and important economic category. Today, it is impossible to imagine the economic growth and development of not only global but also national economies without tourism. After the oil and chemical industry, tourism ranks third in terms of contribution to economic growth and development of the world economy. Its importance is realized through its influence on macroeconomic aggregates, which contributes to the increase of macroeconomic stability. This leads to an increase in employment and an acceleration of development at the local, regional and national levels. Empirical findings indicate that the tourism sector in the Republic of Serbia is characterized by the recovery of flows thanks primarily to the growth of domestic tourism. In this paper, the authors try to analyze the impact of tourism on the overall development of the economy of Serbia and point out the importance of tourism as one of the determinants of the development of the national economy.
Estimating International Tourism Indicators in Context of Macroeconomic Stability and Fiscal Sustainability in the Republic of Serbia
Estimating International Tourism Indicators in Context of Macroeconomic Stability and Fiscal Sustainability in the Republic of Serbia
(Estimating International Tourism Indicators in Context of Macroeconomic Stability and Fiscal Sustainability in the Republic of Serbia)
- Author(s):Vesna Mirović, Nataša Pavlović, Branimir Kalaš
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:91-103
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Tourism; Macroeconomic stability; Fiscal sustainability; Modelling; Republic of Serbia
- Summary/Abstract:The importance of the tourism sector is manifested in the fact that this sector is one of the fastest-growing sectors worldwide. This research aims to determine the impact of tourism indicators on the macroeconomic and fiscal framework. The subject of the paper includes estimating the effect of international tourism arrivals and international tourism receipts on economic growth, unemployment and fiscal sustainability in the Republic of Serbia for the period 2002-2020. The obtained empirical results show that international tourism categories significantly improve macroeconomic stability and fiscal sustainability in the Republic of Serbia for the observed period. Based on the empirical findings, policymakers should focus on increasing international tourist arrivals as well as increasing international tourism receipts to provide positive implications for the economic development of our country.
The Strategy for Improving the Quality and Sustainability of Tourism Organisations in the Republic of Serbia during the Global Crises
The Strategy for Improving the Quality and Sustainability of Tourism Organisations in the Republic of Serbia during the Global Crises
(The Strategy for Improving the Quality and Sustainability of Tourism Organisations in the Republic of Serbia during the Global Crises)
- Author(s):Tatjana Janovac, Saša Virijević Jovanović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:105-118
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Business sustainability; Tourism organisations; Quality improvement strategy; International quality standards; Strategic analysis tools
- Summary/Abstract:The main goal of this research is to use the tools of strategic analysis to identify the factors from the macro environment that affect tourism and to propose a strategy for improving the quality of business and the sustainability of tourism organisations in the Republic of Serbia during the global crises. The research findings indicate that a strategy based on the implementation and application of international quality standards and orientation to domestic tourism products ensures the sustainability of tourism organisation. The significance of this manuscript is considered from the aspect of giving guidelines to the management of tourism organisations to improve the quality and sustainability of business in time of global crises.
Performance and Recovery of Tourism Business Entities in Serbia
Performance and Recovery of Tourism Business Entities in Serbia
(Performance and Recovery of Tourism Business Entities in Serbia)
- Author(s):Milan Mihajlović, Jelena Tadić, Bela Muhi
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:119-133
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Enterprise; COVID-19; Tourism sector; Tourists
- Summary/Abstract:The chapter aims to analyze the performance of the tourism sector in the Republic of Serbia before the pandemic, during the pandemic, as well as in the post-covid period. The contraction of tourism activity caused by the COVID-19 pandemic was absorbed by the economic measures of the Government of the Republic of Serbia, which created opportunities for the rapid recovery of this sector of the economy. The tourism sector, which faced major challenges in the previous period, was analyzed from both macro and micro aspects. Based on the analyzed theoretical background and research objective, the main hypothesis of the research was set, which is whether pos¬itive postcovid effects on the performance of business entities in tourism are expected, in the form of higher income realization, the same level of expenditure, with the same number of employees. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the cross-tabulation method, because each projection of income, expenditure and number of employees is shown according to the activity, size and legal form of business entities in tourism.
Factors Determining Holiday Intentions of Serbian Travelers during COVID-19
Factors Determining Holiday Intentions of Serbian Travelers during COVID-19
(Factors Determining Holiday Intentions of Serbian Travelers during COVID-19)
- Author(s):Maja Strugar Jelača, Nemanja Berber, Dimitrije Gašić, Marko Aleksić, Radmila Bjekić, Slobodan Marić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:135-152
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:COVID-19 psychological impact; Risk perception; COVID-19 economic impact; Holiday Intention during pandemic
- Summary/Abstract:This research aims to examine tourist behavior changes that occurred during the Covid-19 pandemic. We witnessed that there were more frequent negative decisions about tourist trips as well as changes in the desired tourism types and products due to pandemic effects. Some of the factors which may influence the decision-making process of tourists are the psychological impact of Covid-19, risk perception and finally the economic impact of Covid-19. Empirical research was conducted in the first quarter of 2022 on a sample of 188 residents of the Republic of Serbia using Smart-PLS software. Findings indicate that tourist Risk perception measured through Travel risk, Destination risk, and Hospitality risk have a positive statistically significant influence on tourist Holiday intention during a period of Covid-19 as making a negative decision about travel. Furthermore, the Psychological and Economic impact of Covid-19 did not have a statistically significant influence on tourist Holiday intention. We outline potential improvements for tourism management to face up to this situation like adding information on epidemic situations and prevention measures at the tourist destination to increase the knowledge of potential tourists and reduce risk perceptions.
Digital Channels of Communication in the Promotion Function of a Tourist Destination – Tripadvisor Campaign Example of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Digital Channels of Communication in the Promotion Function of a Tourist Destination – Tripadvisor Campaign Example of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina
(Digital Channels of Communication in the Promotion Function of a Tourist Destination – Tripadvisor Campaign Example of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina)
- Author(s):Marko Šantić, Darijo Jerković
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Tourism, ICT Information and Communications Technologies
- Page Range:153-167
- No. of Pages:15
- Keywords:TripAdvisor; USAID; Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina; Media; Tourist Destination
- Summary/Abstract:Interactions and networking of social media in the tourism sector have experienced a very large expansion. This is certainly supported by the fact that the vast majority of today's tourists, through social networks - digital channels, search for, obtain and analyze information based on which they make decisions about choosing a destination, but also share and exchange information about their impressions and experiences with others in already visited destinations. These were the main motives of the key actors in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina who, at the instigation of the USAID Tourism Bosnia and Herzegovina Project, embarked on the first comprehensive digital campaign on social networks, the campaign of their chosen tourist destinations, in order to finally get out of the media "darkness", given that Bosnia and Herzegovina tourist destinations were not visible at all and were not adequately represented on the world tourist map. The campaign was realized on the world's largest tourist platform TripAdvisor. Before the start of the campaign, the main objectives were set, the duration of the campaign was determined, the target markets were identified and the content was prepared in the form of attractive images, videos and promotional articles in four languages.
The Impact of Cultural Events on the City Image and Development: Residents’ Perspective
The Impact of Cultural Events on the City Image and Development: Residents’ Perspective
(The Impact of Cultural Events on the City Image and Development: Residents’ Perspective)
- Author(s):Tatjana Pivac, Sanja Kovačić, Ivana Blešić, Marija Cimbaljević
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:169-183
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Cultural events; European capital of culture; Residents’ perspective; Novi Sad
- Summary/Abstract:Cultural festivals and major cultural events have various effects on the overall city development. This especially comes to the light in case of the cities caring the title of European Capital of culture. Nowadays, there are plenty of studies on cultural events, with the majority of them focusing on cultural tourists’ perceptions and perspectives. The local community, as a very important key actor, however, is very often neglected in the studies. In light of the fact that Novi Sad (Serbia) is caring the title of European Capital of Culture in 2022, this paper focuses on the local community and its perception of the impact of the cultural events on all aspects of the city’s development, including city image. Data were collected before the title year (in 2020 and 2021) via a survey filled by 239 residents of Novi Sad. The results indicate that residents consider cultural events the most beneficial in terms of improving city image, creating opportunities for international publicity, providing entertainment and learning opportunities for the local community, as well as contributing to a better understanding of different cultures and generating tourism income. On the other hand, negative effects are related to the increase in service prices, the total price of living and the increase in alcohol and drug consumption. Differences in sociodemographic characteristics are analyzed and discussed in the paper.
Development of the Tourist Market of Pčinja District – Strategic Approach
Development of the Tourist Market of Pčinja District – Strategic Approach
(Development of the Tourist Market of Pčinja District – Strategic Approach)
- Author(s):Radomir Stojković, Dragana Nikolić Ristić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:185-197
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Tourist market; Tourist offer; Pčinja district; SWOT analysis; PEST analysis
- Summary/Abstract:In the paper, the authors deal with the issue of tourism development in the Pčinja district. The Pčinja district is located in the southeastern part of Serbia. Tourism came into the sphere of interest of the holder of the macroeconomic authority of this district as an alternative to industrial development. Namely, until ten years ago, the economic development of this district was based on industry, which was significantly devastated during the transition period. Since the industrial policy did not produce significant results, the need for alternative strategies for the growth and development of the Pčinja district was imposed. Using the SWOT method as an element of the situational analysis, the authors define the potential that the Pčinja district has in the tourism context. The authors complete the conceptualization of the tourist potential of the Pčinja district with a PEST analysis, as a type of external analysis, which sets strategic directions for the development and market research of this district in the tourist context.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Croatian Tourism: A Prisma-Compliant Systematic Literature Review
The Impact of COVID-19 on Croatian Tourism: A Prisma-Compliant Systematic Literature Review
(The Impact of COVID-19 on Croatian Tourism: A Prisma-Compliant Systematic Literature Review)
- Author(s):Katerina Fotova Čiković, Violeta Cvetkovska, Trina Mjeda
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Tourism
- Page Range:199-212
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Tourism; COVID-19; Croatia; Literature review; PRISMA guidelines
- Summary/Abstract:COVID-19 has drastically altered the world in 2020 and influenced all aspects of people’s lives and the ways businesses operate. The tourism sector was one of the economic sectors that were hit hardest by the global pandemic. Considering that the tourism sector in Croatia is one of the key economic sectors that contribute highly to the GDP, this paper provides a systematic literature review of studies investigating the impact of COVID-19 on tourism in the case of Croatia. Therefore, the goal was to survey and give a summary of the relevant papers published regarding the impact of COVID-19 on Croatian tourism as well as to investigate the current state of the art in this specific field, highlighting the findings regarding the COVID-19’s impact on Croatian tourism. The PRISMA guidelines have been applied by using the keywords: „tourism“, „COVID-19“ and „Croatia“ to the Scopus scientific database from its inception to 07 October 2022, and a manual abstract and full-text screening and review of the references of relevant studies was conducted thereafter. This resulted in 18 relevant published papers in peer-indexed journals in the Scopus database. The findings could be of great practical contribution to the government, policymakers and local tourist authorities and communities.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Transition in Tourism in the Example of Kotor
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Transition in Tourism in the Example of Kotor
(Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Transition in Tourism in the Example of Kotor)
- Author(s):Nikola Konjević, Goran Radović, Antonije Djukić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Tourism
- Page Range:213-226
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Tourism; COVID-19; Kotor; Origin of Tourists; Social Environment
- Summary/Abstract:In early 2020, the world faced a global crisis caused by COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019). Both as an economic activity and observed through the correlation of relationships and phenomena that arise when foreigners are travelling and staying at a place, tourism felt the most consequences of the pandemic. The crisis also affected Montenegro, where tourism is a strategic economic sector. To analyse the consequences of the crisis, this paper reviews the example of Kotor, a site included in the UNESCO World Cultural Heritage List, together with the Bay of Kotor and the Bay of Risan. The authors aim to determine the changes in the volume and structure of tourists before and after the pandemic, as well as the gravity areas and countries of origin. In addition, this paper will present the results of the survey "Study of Kotor's Identity in Crisis" carried out in cooperation with the Tourist Organization of Kotor in 2021 and 2022.
Is Moldovan Tourism Well-Equipped to Overcome the Pandemic? The Key Role of Emerging Technologies
Is Moldovan Tourism Well-Equipped to Overcome the Pandemic? The Key Role of Emerging Technologies
(Is Moldovan Tourism Well-Equipped to Overcome the Pandemic? The Key Role of Emerging Technologies)
- Author(s):Marc Pilkington
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Tourism
- Page Range:227-246
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:Republic of Moldova; Tourism; Crisis management; Post-COVID-19
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter examines the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the tourism sector in the Republic of Moldova, a poorly researched, yet promising, post-soviet country sandwiched between Romania and Ukraine. A SWOT analysis is presented in the first part, suggesting promising strategic orientations for the sector. Secondly, we assess the impact of the pandemic both in the short and medium run. Drawing on emerging technologies, such as blockchain, virtual reality, and artificial intelligence, some innovative digital solutions are sketched out, in order to enhance tourism attractiveness in a post-COVID-19 world.
Valorisation of Jerma Special Nature Reserve for the Purpose of Achieving Sustainable Spatial Development and Ecotourism
Valorisation of Jerma Special Nature Reserve for the Purpose of Achieving Sustainable Spatial Development and Ecotourism
(Valorisation of Jerma Special Nature Reserve for the Purpose of Achieving Sustainable Spatial Development and Ecotourism)
- Author(s):Milica Dobričić, Milena Cvetković
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:247-260
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Sustainable Spatial Development; Spatial Planning; Ecotourism; Multi-Criteria Decision-Making; Jerma Special Nature Reserve
- Summary/Abstract:In this chapter, the value of the Jerma Special Nature Reserve in the Republic of Serbia, a natural asset of national and international importance, was valorised using multi-criteria decision-making. This research was conducted to determine the most favourable strategy for the sustainable spatial development of Jerma Special Nature Reserve, with a special focus on possibilities for developing ecotourism, a type of tourism that is particularly suitable for development in protected areas of nature. Using multi-criteria decision-making, i.e. a combination of SWOT analysis and an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a SWOT analysis was performed in the first step during which weight coefficients of individual elements within the SWOT group were determined, after which the same was applied to group weights. Subsequently, strategies for the development of the Jerma Special Nature Reserve area were formulated and designated with an efficiency coefficient and ranking. This chapter aims to contribute to the better understanding and promotion of applying multi-criteria decision-making when determining the most favourable strategy for the spatial development of a protected natural asset and developing ecotourism within its territory.
Tourism, Ecotourism and Traffic Alliance
Tourism, Ecotourism and Traffic Alliance
(Tourism, Ecotourism and Traffic Alliance)
- Author(s):Lejla Žunić, Aida Bidžan Gekić, Haris Gekić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:261-272
- No. of Pages:12
- Keywords:Tourism; Ecotourism; Traffic; Tourist experience; Alliance/cohesion
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter primarily clarifies the relationship between tourism and traffic. One of the most important accompanying phenomena of tourism is the development of traffic; they support each other to allow access to tourist attractions. However, the link between tourism and traffic is unique in that it involves not only transportation but also an experience related to sightseeing and various modes of transportation. The paper aims to present the role of various modes of transportation in tourism, including transfer to protected areas, as well as the cohesion between tourism, ecotourism, and traffic. Several demonstrative examples of traffic development under the influence of tourism from around the world, as well as from Bosnia and Herzegovina, were chosen. Tourism and traffic are the two major contributors to global connectivity, while also providing unique tourist experiences with profound intrinsic value.
Wine Tourism and Winescape Experiences in Croatia: Understanding Motivations of Generation Z Wine Tourists
Wine Tourism and Winescape Experiences in Croatia: Understanding Motivations of Generation Z Wine Tourists
(Wine Tourism and Winescape Experiences in Croatia: Understanding Motivations of Generation Z Wine Tourists)
- Author(s):Matea Hanžek, Gordi Sušić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Agriculture, Tourism
- Page Range:273-286
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Wine tourism; Motivations; Experience; Croatia; Generation Z; Winescape; Wine tourist
- Summary/Abstract:This paper explores the importance of understanding the nature of wine tourist motivations. It examines perceptions, experiences, and expectations of winery visitors in Croatia, particularly focusing on the perspective of Generation Z as a generation cohort. Understanding Generation Z and their expectations of winery visits are very important in developing and adapting winery products that correspond with their needs and expectations, and thus positively influencing the increase of loyalty and returning visitations to the winery. The two separate focus groups were conducted, with altogether 17 participants who are all members of the Generation Z cohort groups from Croatia. The key findings of the paper show that in search for winery experiences members of the Generation Z cohort are not only in search for the inside winery experiences but are rather attracted by hedonic experiences evolving around something much wider - the winescape. Finally, research offers a scientific contribution to Generation Z's motivations for winery visits, and a practical contribution to wineries’ management, owners and entrepreneurs that can use findings in their further strategic management and marketing decisions.
Sports Events in the Function of Sports Tourism Development and Destination Branding
Sports Events in the Function of Sports Tourism Development and Destination Branding
(Sports Events in the Function of Sports Tourism Development and Destination Branding)
- Author(s):Dejan R. Dašić, Ana Gavrilović
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Sports Studies, Tourism
- Page Range:287-302
- No. of Pages:16
- Keywords:Sport events; Sports tourism; Image; Destination branding; Sport event visitors
- Summary/Abstract:As has been stated extensively elsewhere, places have long used marketing as a planning and management tool, so it should come as no surprise that they would start to embrace the concept of place branding more and more. Undoubtedly appealing is the notion of discovering or creating something special that would set a location apart from others. Places plan and support transient events too, at the very least, increase awareness of their presence as well as create unique brand associations. These connections have to do with the event's organization and substance. It is demonstrating its ability to host the activity while also associating with it. Marathons are examples of athletic tourism. These occasions have been utilized by several locations to increase visitor demand during the past few decades. When we talk about sports events in Serbia, there is a noticeable increase in the organization of marathons, half-marathons and pleasure races, which very effectively brands the destinations where these sports events are held.
Testing the Promotion Tools of Touristic Destinations Operated by Krishna Conscious Communities on Different Target Groups
Testing the Promotion Tools of Touristic Destinations Operated by Krishna Conscious Communities on Different Target Groups
(Testing the Promotion Tools of Touristic Destinations Operated by Krishna Conscious Communities on Different Target Groups)
- Author(s):Krisztina Bence Kiss, Orsolya Szigeti
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:303-316
- No. of Pages:14
- Keywords:Religious Tourism; Religious Marketing; Krishna Consciousness
- Summary/Abstract:Krishna Consciousness has made an impact in terms of marketing by creating a touristic product to promote their community and beliefs. Communities devoted to Krishna Consciousness have built up farming communities to introduce their religious organization to the wider public. This makes these entities not only touristic destinations but also parts of a twostep marketing model, where the first step is attracting people to visit a touristic attraction, while the second is educating them about a religious organization. In the first step, numerous promotion tools including social media, websites, events, posters, fliers and means of personal selling are applied to attract wider audiences. This research studied the efficiency of the model by revealing the promotion tools that most people are exposed to via quantitative methods, while also identifying the most receptive target group for Krishna Conscious communities and tourist destinations. According to the findings, respondents between the ages of 26 and 55 are those who are exposed to the first three factors (retention, confirmation, and attracting new audiences) the most, whilst respondents 56 and older are typically exposed at a low level. Education made a difference in both audience retention and attraction; people with university degrees were more likely to use these information sources.
Wellness as a Key Factor for the Sustainable Development of Tourism in Serbia
Wellness as a Key Factor for the Sustainable Development of Tourism in Serbia
(Wellness as a Key Factor for the Sustainable Development of Tourism in Serbia)
- Author(s):Ljiljana Kontić, Miloš Todosijević, Jovan Kontić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Health and medicine and law, Tourism
- Page Range:317-333
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Wellness tourism; Sustainable development; Strategy; Serbia
- Summary/Abstract:This study focused on the main potentials and challenges in domain of the wellness tourism in Serbia. Over the last decade, the wellness in¬dustry has transformed into a multi-billion business that focused on the interest of managers and the academic community. A review of past studies conducted worldwide has been presented, too. Serbia is a case in point. Due to the various natural resources, the Republic of Serbia has a strong foundation for faster development of sustainable wellness tourism. The results of the analysis showed the key components of the wellness tourism offer system in Serbia along with the proposals for new wellness experiences. The main recommendations for managers and policy-makers are presented, too.
Ownership and Organizational Solutions for Spas and Preservation of Health Tourism
Ownership and Organizational Solutions for Spas and Preservation of Health Tourism
(Ownership and Organizational Solutions for Spas and Preservation of Health Tourism)
- Author(s):ljiljana rajnovic, Snežana Cico
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Business Economy / Management, Tourism
- Page Range:335-352
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Spa; Spa Tourism; Balneology; Spa and Wellness; Good of general interest; Privatization of Spas
- Summary/Abstract:This work aims to show the possibilities of organizing spas in the Republic of Serbia, bearing in mind the current privatization, the status and treatment of spas as goods of general interest and the importance of recognizing an adequate ownership solution in the future business of spas in Serbia. The authors consider world experiences, possible models of privatization and the impact on the function of spas, especially the extremely developed health segment - balneology, and of course, the preservation of natural healing resources, but also other possible contractual and ownership models of performing spa activities. In researching the period from 2012 to 2020, the authors found that privatization potentially improves the standards of spa infrastructure and increases the tourism potential of spas, but in some transition countries, the process has resulted in limiting the therapeutic potential of spas and reducing the state's ability to implement health policy. The authors recommend ensuring that spa activities are carried out by a safe shareholder, applying clear acceptance criteria, as well as to provide legal guarantees for access to spa services that are financed from public funds.
Entrepreneurship of People with Disabilities and Accessible Tourism in the Non-hotel Accommodation Sector in Italy*
Entrepreneurship of People with Disabilities and Accessible Tourism in the Non-hotel Accommodation Sector in Italy*
(Entrepreneurship of People with Disabilities and Accessible Tourism in the Non-hotel Accommodation Sector in Italy*)
- Author(s):Loredana Picciotto, Immacolata Ummarino
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Tourism, Human Resources in Economy
- Page Range:353-374
- No. of Pages:22
- Keywords:Disability; Accessibility; Social inclusion
- Summary/Abstract:The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities establishes two fundamental rights: the right to work and the right to enjoy a tourist experience. Work employment is considered by the European Commission the fundamental way to social inclusion. Nevertheless, several studies highlight the difficulties of entering the labor market. The UNWTO (2020) has pointed out the priority role of accessibility in the tourist sector and the importance of providing accessible tourist services to all potential travelers is widely underlined in literature. This chapter analyses a form of entrepreneurship of people with disabilities, recently established in Italy, that favors their employment in the non-hotel accommodation sector and jointly promotes accessible tourism. By using a representative case study, the research identifies the distinctive features of this initiative; in addition to its aptitude to promote social inclusion, it highlights the intrinsic accessibility of the tourist offer, the strengths of the business model and the critical issues to manage for its possible diffusion in other territorial contexts.
Modern Supply Chain Quality Management in Bulgarian Restaurants
Modern Supply Chain Quality Management in Bulgarian Restaurants
(Modern Supply Chain Quality Management in Bulgarian Restaurants)
- Author(s):Maria Vodenicharova
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Social Sciences, Business Economy / Management, Tourism
- Page Range:375-391
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:QMS; ISO; ICT
- Summary/Abstract:One of the most important factors in a restaurant's success is its supply chain. The present study aims to reveal the application of quality management systems in the restaurant business and to build a modern supply chain quality management (MSCQM) in Bulgarian restaurants. This chapter examines the criteria for evaluating the degree of application of quality management systems in the restaurant business, analyses quality management practices, and identifies opportunities for its improvement. The research used Bulgarian and foreign literary sources, results of research projects, statistical data, and analyses from conducted surveys. The conclusions are mainly aimed at revealing opportunities for creating modern supply chain quality management (MSCQM) in Bulgarian restaurants.
The Main Components of the Tourism Infrastructure Development
The Main Components of the Tourism Infrastructure Development
(The Main Components of the Tourism Infrastructure Development)
- Author(s):Lejla Žunić, Tatjana Pivac, Kristina Košić
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:393-412
- No. of Pages:20
- Keywords:Tourism infrastructure; Accommodation; Tour operators; Tourist information
- Summary/Abstract:This chapter clarifies the connection between tourism, tourism infrastructure and socio-cultural and economic benefits. Socio-cultural impacts of tourism are measured through an increase in infrastructure („ur¬banisation“), education, partnership, cultural image and standard of living, which depends naturally on the economic component as well. The develop¬ment of tourism infrastructure is one of the most important indicators of positive changes in destination, which relate to its physiognomy, functionality, accessibility, attractiveness and usability. Tourism infrastructure is made of tourist facilities and contents that serve tourists (and local people) and is composed of several components: catering and productive services etc. Development of accommodation, tour operators and tourist information are presented, as they induce local economy and employment, traffic connections, cultural exchange, urbanisation and modernisation of living environment in the best way. New trends imply an expansion of hotel chains, luxury and eco-hotels mostly in the west but also their arrival to developing destinations, for example, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; development of the biggest tour operators in SAD and Europe (especially the UK and other), as well as networking and informatisation of tourist information system.
Traffic Infrastructure in the Function of Rural Tourism Development
Traffic Infrastructure in the Function of Rural Tourism Development
(Traffic Infrastructure in the Function of Rural Tourism Development)
- Author(s):Milan Stanković, Aleksandra Pavičević
- Language:English
- Subject(s):Economy, Tourism
- Page Range:413-429
- No. of Pages:18
- Keywords:Green economy; Rural development; Traffic system
- Summary/Abstract:When it comes to the comprehensiveness of the concept of resources and especially the analysis of resources as the basis of the economic sphere and the driver of the rural areas of all social entities, and thus the basis of our development, contemporary research points to the focus on the following above all: a resource with the characteristic of agricultural output, which is the most common reach of the rural environment in every business group, production or financial sector, is an inevitable key factor of overall development. In this regard, macroeconomic policy measures and their impact are the basis for a large system that is managed. Thus, it is primarily necessary to know the movement of key parameters in regional organizations and especially in the EU, in the countries with which the most important foreign economic relations take place. The question of the place, role and impact of transformational processes of corporate organizational changes is of particular importance because modern companies suffer simultaneously economic, legal, technological, political and social changes. Starting from the inevitability of ownership changes within the transitional processes, any reflection that confirms the basic goals, such as increasing efficiency, flexibility and diversification, i.e. overcoming existing business and development limitations has its repercussions on micro units, rural units. The main instruments for realizing the stated goals are the rationalization, consolidation and reorganization of business activities within the framework of preparation and implementation of restructuring and privatization processes, as well as the inclusion of these entities in the post-privatization period from the aspect of further development of the overall economy. For this reason and based on the fact of the importance of this topic, in modern processes with partial or complete coverage of their scope, the term green economy or green rural environment is often attributed. In these endeavors, the traffic system is irreplaceable.
