Search results for: Gerhardt Csejka in All Content

Flow and Consciousness. Subject and Life-World from a relationalist-phenomenological Point of View

Fluss und Bewusstsein. Subjekt und Lebenswelt in einer relationistisch-phänomenologischen Perspektive

Author(s): Renato Cristin / Language(s): German / Issue: 4/1996

In this paper I am following the hypothesis that Husserl's concept of life-world is founded on a paradoxical relationship between subject and world. Building on the analysis of this paradox, I evaluate the cognitive and linguistic potential of life-world concept. I argue that the phenomenological terms of stream and consciousness are expressing the poles of the paradoxical relationship. This formulation also leads us into an interpretation of life-world as a never-ending interplay between subject I s singularity and world I totality.

The world-historical Significance of Democracy and the Representation of the People

Svjetskopovijesni smisoa demokracije i predstavništvo naroda

Author(s): Ante Pažanin / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 04/1992

Keywords: Dolf Sternberger; Christian Meier; Athen's Democracy; Jochen Bleicken;

The author explores the world-historical significance of democracy through the ways in which Greek direct democracy has been interpreted in the works by Cr. Meier, J. Bleicken, and D. Sternberger. The significance of the representation of the people is discussed by him through the example of contemporary representative democracy as interpreted, in the first place, by E.-W. Böckenförde, in the sense of a modern constitutional state and the state form of government. The point of the study is to examine the mutual relationship of democracy and representation today and to inquire on which socio-cultural, institutional, political, ethical, and historical presuppositions the political life and the citizens’ activity in a contemporary social and democratic state of law and order are actually based. With the help of Hegel’s and Husserl’s philosophy of history the author poses the question whether one can envisage some world-historical continuity both in the history of philosophy and in the political history understood as constitutional history and as world history. In these terms Athenian democracy acquires its full world-historical significance in the time of modern individualism as well - to the extent to which the modern citizen in a state possesses the right and the possibility not only to vote on questions formulated for him by political functionaries and representatives but also on his part to submit proposals and to initiate the examination and the solving of topical questions of communal living. In this way only do democracy and politics acquire their genuine significance in terms of political activity and participation by the citizens in the life of the state on the level of contemporary world history.

Unveiling the relationship between language learning beliefs, emotions and identities

Unveiling the relationship between language learning beliefs, emotions and identities

Author(s): Anna Maria Ferreira Barcelos / Language(s): / Issue: 2/2015

Keywords: emotions; identities; beliefs; language teacher education; language learning

This paper aims to reflect on the relationship between beliefs, emotions, and identities by looking at these co-constructing,overlapping concepts to advance our understanding of language learning and teaching.

Social life of the American colony in Berlin in 1933–1939

Życie towarzyskie kolonii amerykańskiej w Berlinie w latach 1933–1939

Author(s): Paulina Sołuba / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 1/2015

Keywords: history; Berlin; Americans

After the end of World War I, US citizens began arriving to the German capital again. Due to a favorable dollar exchange rate, cosmopolitan atmosphere and the influx of American capital, Berlin seemed to be a good place to live. American diplomats, correspondents, businessmen and artists lived in the German capital. The seizure of power by the Nazis affected the social life of Americans. US citizens still maintained relations with Berlin social elites, German politicians, bankers and intellectuals. Increasingly, however, Americans took part in parties issued by the Nazi elite. In varying degrees, US citizens succumbed to the charms of the new regime. The American social life was also affected by the evolution of the internal situation of the Reich and the unfavorable attitude of the regime towards foreigners. The members of the colony also integrated within their community, which became extremely helpful during the social isolation of Americans.

Der Beitrag politischen Handelns zur Verwirklichung von Gerechtigkeit

Der Beitrag politischen Handelns zur Verwirklichung von Gerechtigkeit

Author(s): Ernst-Wolfgang Böckenförde / Language(s): German / Issue: 04/1992

Keywords: Gerechtigkeit; Politisches Handeln

Die deutsch-deutsche Vereinigung stellt die Politik, stellt politisches Handeln vor herausfordernde Aufgaben. Entsprechendes gilt in den von kommunistischer Herrschaft freigewordenen Staaten Ostmitteleuropas. Geht es dabei nur um Politik als Zweckhandeln im Blick auf Machtgewinnung und Machterhalt, oder geht es auch und gerade um die Herstellung und Verwirklichung von Gerechtigkeit?

SALIVARY CATECHOLAMINES IN EXAMINATIONAL STRESS AND COGNITIVE EFFORT

Poziom katecholamin w ślinie podczas stresu egzaminacyjnego i wysiłku poznawczego

Author(s): Konrad Rudnicki,Aleksandra Rutkowska,Marek Wieczorek / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 19/2015

Keywords: catecholamines; examinational stress; cognitive effort; salivary markers

In order to determine utility of salivary catecholamines in stress studies, samples were collected from 30 students before an exam and on an ordinary day. Subsequently, to examine the effect of cognitive effort on catecholamines, 31 volunteers, on two days, performed two sets of different cognitive tasks. Noradrenaline, adrenaline and dopamine levels were examined with HPLC-ED. Stressed group shown alleviated levels of dopamine, while levels of other substances remained unchanged. In the second group cognitive effort elicited elevated excretion of all three catecholamines. Given conflicting results from previous literature it appears that salivary adrenaline and noradrenaline might be useful as non-invasive markers of sympathetic activity in psychological research.

WHO WAS EMIL KRAEPELIN AND WHY DO WE REMEMBER HIM 160 YEARS LATER?

WHO WAS EMIL KRAEPELIN AND WHY DO WE REMEMBER HIM 160 YEARS LATER?

Author(s): Jüri Allik,Erki Tammiksaar / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2016

Keywords: Emil Kraepelin; history of psychiatry and psychology; University of Dorpat/Tartu;

In order to commemorate Kraepelin’s 160th birthdate and the 130th year from his first professorship, a conference “Emil Kraepelin 160/130” was held in the same Aula of the University of Tartu where 130 years earlier Kraepelin expressed his views about the relationship between psychiatric illnesses and brain functions. This special issue is composed of talks that were held at the conference. However, papers presented in this special issue are in most cases much more elaborated versions of the presented talks. In this introductory article, we remember some basic facts about Emil Kraepelin’s life and the impact he made in various areas, not only in psychiatry. We also try to create a context into which papers presented in this special issue of Trames can be placed.

Market Orientation and Business Performance: a Study of Interrelationships and Effects in a Small sized Hotels within Lagos State Metropolis

Market Orientation and Business Performance: a Study of Interrelationships and Effects in a Small sized Hotels within Lagos State Metropolis

Author(s): P.K.A. Ladipo,A. Ganiyu Rahim,C. Abayomi Oguntoyibo,I. Olatunji Okikiola / Language(s): English / Issue: 4/2016

Keywords: Market orientation; customer orientation; competitor orientation; inter-functional coordination; business performance; small sized hotel; competitive advantage

The relationship between market orientation and business performance has been a subject of debate in marketing literature. To date, there is no consensus opinion and empirical study in the context of small sized-hotels in Nigeria is scanty. This study examines the relationship between market orientation and business performance. Cross-sectional survey research design was adopted.Questionnaire was used to obtained data from 300 employees of the selected hotels within Lagos metropolis. Data collected were analyzed using correlation and regression analysis. The results suggest that only customer orientation is significantly contributing to the performance of the small sized hotel operators. Specifically, both competitor orientation and inter-functional coordination, though practiced by the hotels are not significantly linked to its performance. Furthermore, the study discovered that market orientation practices significantly influence business performance of the selected hotels. Based on the findings,the study concludes that hotel operators need market orientation practices to enhance their performance. Hence, market orientation will continue to be a vital strategy not only in improving firm’s understanding of customers’ and competitors, but to enhance synergy across the organization. From the preceding conclusion, the study recommends that hotel operators should commit substantial resources and effort in cultivating a customer oriented culture, and transmit it across the organization to create strategic alignment. Furthermore, the competitive environment should be closely monitored to identify profitable business opportunity and threats that could affect their growth and sustainability.

THE PUBLIC POLICY EXCEPTION UNDER THE NEW YORK CONVENTION ON THE RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN ARBITRAL AWARDS (THE UK PERSPECTIVE)

THE PUBLIC POLICY EXCEPTION UNDER THE NEW YORK CONVENTION ON THE RECOGNITION AND ENFORCEMENT OF FOREIGN ARBITRAL AWARDS (THE UK PERSPECTIVE)

Author(s): Bartłomiej Orawiec / Language(s): English / Issue: 1/2016

Keywords: public policy; exception; New York Convention

One of the main purposes of the New York Convention1 was to serve international trade and commerce and to make it easier to enforce an arbitral award made in one Contracting State in other states. Nonetheless, Article V(2)(b) permits the judge not to give effect to an award if its enforcement would be contrary to public policy. In the 21st century, the courts in England are more reluctant to refuse the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards under s68(2)(g) or s103(3) of the Arbitration Act 19962. As a result, the law surrounding the public policy exception has become more predictable because the “pro enforcement bias” of the New York Convention has been more faithfully observed. However, in other developed European states such as Switzerland, Hungary, Austria, and Germany, courts have taken a more interventionist stance in recent years.

“(The Lost) Homeland“ – The New Utopia?

„(Verlorene) Heimat” -E in e Neue Utopie?

Author(s): Radosław Supranowicz / Language(s): German / Issue: III/2001

Leibniz’s Metaphysics of Monads on the Cinema Screen. “Awakenings”

Monadologiczna metafizyka Leibniza na ekranie. Wokół filmu „Przebudzenia”

Author(s): Bogusław Paź / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 96/2016

Keywords: Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm;metaphysics of monads;Marshall Penny;Sacks Oliver

In his article Paź examines the movie “Awakenings” (dir. Penny Marshall, 1990) for the presence of G. W. Leibniz’s metaphysics of monads. It turns out that the author of the book on which the screenplay is based, Oliver Sacks, a British neurologist and psychiatrist, was himself directly inspired by the categories of the German philosopher, in his description of the patients he examined and treated. Among Leibniz’s concepts taken up by Sacks are: monad, reflection, possible world etc. The film proclaims Leibniz’s laws of consciousness, such as the principle of continuity from the least clear perceptions (lethargy, sleep) to the most clear ones and conscious, and the concept of the real identity of the subject. In particular Leibniz’s thesis on isolation (“monads are windowless”) found itself into the description of the main protagonists of the Awakenings. The value of this film lies in that it is the first and successful attempt at showing the very abstract thesis of the metaphysics of the modern rationalist.

THE CONATUS OF THE BODY IN SPINOZA’S PHYSICS

THE CONATUS OF THE BODY IN SPINOZA’S PHYSICS

Author(s): Sean Winkler / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: Spinoza; physics; individuation; body; conatus; inertia; motion; rest.

In Part 3 of his Ethics, Baruch Spinoza identifies the conatus of the mind as „will‟ and of the mind and body together as „appetite‟/„desire,‟ but he does not identify the conatus of the body. This omission is curious, given that he describes „motion-and-rest‟ and conatus in such ways that they appear to be one and the same thing. In this paper, however, I propose that motion-and-rest and conatus (in the attribute of extension) can be understood as two distinct aspects, relational and singular, of Spinoza‟s theory of the individuation of bodies. In Section 1, I explain Spinoza‟s account of the body. In Section 2, I reject the notion that the conatus of the body is a principle of rectilinear inertia. In Section 3, I indicate that besides conatus, Spinoza uses other terms throughout his texts to denote the concept of striving, each of which alludes to a relational and singular aspect of his theory of individuation. In Section 4, I show that for Spinoza, motion-and-rest refers to the relational („preindividual‟) aspect of the body and that conatus (in the attribute of extension) refers to the singular (individuated) aspect of the body.

History of parishes of the Evangelical Church of Augsburg

Dzieje łódzkich parafii ewangelicko-augsburskich w XIX i na początku XX w.

Author(s): Andrzej Grzegorczyk / Language(s): Polish / Issue: 4/2016

Keywords: Protestants; evangelicals; Lutherans; Evangelical Church of Augsburg Confession

The period of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century was a very profitable periodfor Łódź and consequently for ecclesial structures. Factories and enterprises, which were set up in thisperiod, attracted to Łódź many people from various parts of the continent, including many Protestants.This led to the building of four churches (Holy Trinity’s, St. John’s, St. Matthew’s, St. Michael’s) whichup till now (although in new circumstances) exist in our city. At the same time active parishes wereformed around them and gathered evangelicals in Łódź. Despite organizational difficulties this periodwas the time of development for protestant community in Łódź. This period ended with the outbreak ofthe war in 1939 and its consequences, i.e. deportations in 1945.

Die Gender-Kategorie in der Analyse literarischer Strategien im Umgang mit der Weiblichkeit: Ingeborg Bachmann, Seweryna Szmaglewska, Ruth Klüger

Die Gender-Kategorie in der Analyse literarischer Strategien im Umgang mit der Weiblichkeit: Ingeborg Bachmann, Seweryna Szmaglewska, Ruth Klüger

Author(s): Bożena Chołuj / Language(s): German / Issue: 4/2017

Keywords: Gender; Femininity; Ingeborg Bachmann; Seweryna Szmaglewska; Ruth Klüger;

This study deals with functional differences of the categories of “femininity” and “gender”and their parallel use in literary studies. Given the fact that “gender” is not an identitarian category, its use has the potential to broaden the spectrum of feminist research significantly.Selected texts will be used to demonstrate the gender perspective in the analysis of literary strategies describing femininity.

Political Animals

Političke životinje

Author(s): Nikola Visković / Language(s): Croatian / Issue: 03+04/1995

Keywords: political theory; animals; metaphors; political behaviour;

In his analysis of the role of animals in political theory, ideology and practice, the author claims that they are mostly used as metaphors while in the world of real politics people are not considered and spoken of as animals but are treated as such as well. The text includes several motifs from this substantial, historically well-documented, extensive topic. Political thinking in antiquity distinguishes a man from an animal, while the Renaissance and the modern political theory recognize the animality in the very politics. In contemporary theories and collective psychology there are the motifs of rulers, shephards and people, of herds. In fables as a literary genre, animals serve to teach on the nature of politics as well as on the proper and improper political behaviour.

Leibniz on Corporeal Substance

Leibniz on Corporeal Substance

Author(s): Peeter Müürsepp / Language(s): English / Issue: 2/2016

Keywords: Aristotle; continuum; corporeal substance; Descartes; divisibility; entelechy; extension; hylomorphism; ontological levels; phenomenon; shape;

As an idealist, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz could not recognize anything corporeal as substantial. However, under the influence of Cartesian terminology, he devoted considerable effort to analysing the corporeal world, while not recognizing its real substantiality of course. Leibniz took the concept of substance from Plato, Aristotle and the scholastics, but developed it in two ways. It is a well-known fact that Leibniz introduced the term ‘corporeal substance’ in his letter to Antoine Arnauld dated to October1687. In the letter, Leibniz understands an object of nature, like an animal ora plant, as ‘corporeal substance’. In the very same letter, Leibniz introduces the terms ‘indivisibility’ and ‘phenomenon’. Every corporeal substance can be real only as a unity, i.e. by being indivisible. Such entity must have a soulor at least an entelechy. In an opposite case, that entity would not be a real unity but just a phenomenon. No corporeal entity is indivisible and therefore not a substance. The paper aims at introducing Leibniz’s distinction between substances and phenomena and taking a closer look at the historical philosophical influences Leibniz experienced while developing his views of the corporeal world. Aristotle and Descartes will receive most of the attention, of course, as the concepts of ‘entelechy’ and ‘hylomorphism’ were introduced by the former, and the understanding of corporeal substance as determined by extension alone is part of the latter. The core of the original critique by Leibniz takes off from the properties of the continuum as well as the nature of shape, motion and extension. The case of continuum will receive special attention. It is analysed with the help of the novel approaches by Samuel Levey and Vassil Vidinsky. Leibniz was critical about our poor understanding of the continuum but his own interpretation of it was not fully consistent either. Although the new developments enable us to take a fresh look that has not been possible so far, the issue remains open for further study.

CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND PERSONAL SUCCESS PROFILE OF STUDENTS - FOLLOWERS AND STUDENTS - POTENTIAL FUTURE LEADERS: THE CASE OF RIT CROATIA

CAREER DEVELOPMENT AND PERSONAL SUCCESS PROFILE OF STUDENTS - FOLLOWERS AND STUDENTS - POTENTIAL FUTURE LEADERS: THE CASE OF RIT CROATIA

Author(s): Jasminka Samardžija,Joseph Kevin Walker,Vanda Bazdan / Language(s): English / Issue: Spec/2017

Keywords: Leadership characteristics; Student leadership profile; Student development; Career development; Personal success;

This study examines the differences among students in terms of self-reported leadership characteristics. It was conducted among all three programs and four generations of undergraduates at RIT Croatia. The goal of this study is to determine the differences among students who report being more and less leadership prone (Potential Future Leaders and Followers, respectively) with regard to demographic characteristics, reported self-reliance socialization pattern, college level and program choice, career focus attainment and development, and reported attitudes regarding the importance of specific personality traits in leadership, the importance of specific career development factors and success indicators. Research showed that generation and college program are not related to student reported leadership proneness, suggesting that college education’s impact on leadership traits is not significant. Only one socio-demographic factor considered was significantly different between clusters; namely, the respondents who had moved once were significantly more represented in the Potential Future Leaders cluster, suggesting that study abroad programs might play a role in leadership development. In terms of ranking career development factors, success indicators, the importance of emotional stability and openness to experience as a specific leadership trait, Potential Future Leaders reported higher scores in comparison with Followers cluster, potentially resulting from their forward-looking, goal-oriented attitude.

The Gender Order and the Disassembling She-Protagonists: Polish Academic Culture in the First Half of the Twentieth Century as an Illustrative Example

The Gender Order and the Disassembling She-Protagonists: Polish Academic Culture in the First Half of the Twentieth Century as an Illustrative Example

Author(s): Iwona Dadej / Language(s): English / Issue: 117/2018

The article deals with Polish academic culture and the gender order prevalent therein in the former half of the twentieth century. The protagonists are a group of women who worked, in the circumstances of their time, on their postdoctoral (habilitation) theses. In my perception, this was the group that initiated the processes of change in the gender relations in the academic environment. The struggle for recognition in the world of science is exemplarily shown on the basis of the professional trajectories of Helena Polaczkówna and Helena Willmann-Grabowska.

David and the Poet

David und die Dichter

Author(s): Walter Dietrich / Language(s): German / Issue: 1-2/2017

Keywords: David; poetry; Petrus Abaelardus; Yehuda Amichai; Leonard Cohen;

The Bible portrays David as a poet. Many poets after David took reference with him. Some of them unfolded his dirges on Saul and Jonathan and Abener (Petrus Abaelardus, Rainer Maria Rilke) or invented cantos which he should have sung in order to cure the insane Saul (Händel, Rilke). Others wrote in poetic licence and without biblical support songs over him: in antique times the authors of his „Last words“ (2Sam 23,2–7), of the 151. Psalm, and of the concerning part in the „Hymn on the fathers“ (Sir 47,2–13), in modern times renowned poets from Matthias Claudius and Gottfried Keller to Else Lasker-Schüler and Kurt Oskar Buchner; cited in this contribution are less observed poems of Jewish writers : Frank Wedekind, Yehuda Amichai, and Leonard Cohen. „It is astonishing which influence and power the figure of David unfolded in the world’s poetry over the ages.“

Racially- and Politically-motivated Expulsions in 1938 at the University of Vienna. The Example of the Faculty of Law and State

Die „Säuberung“ der Universitäten 1938 am Beispiel der Wiener Rechtswissenschaftlichen Fakultät

Author(s): Kamila Staudigl-Ciechowitz / Language(s): German / Issue: 2/2018

Keywords: University of Vienna; racially- and politically-motivated expulsions; Anti-Semitism; faculty of law and state;

The following contribution commemorates the racially- and politically-motivated expulsions of academic teachers and students in 1938 at the University of Vienna. Though these expulsions took place in the weeks after the “Anschluss” in March 1938, anti-Semitic occurrences were common at Austrian universities long before 1938. From 1918 on anti-Semitic tendencies at the universities were getting stronger, in spring 1938 Jewish as well as political opponent scholars and students were forced to leave the Austrian universities due to national socialistic ideology. The paper shows the expulsions from a legal point of view, stressing the significance of the laws that where enacted between 1934–1938 by the austrofacist government.