!["Prepare for glory"– the glory of Hollywood](/api/image/getissuecoverimage?id=picture_2007_4495.jpg)
"Prepare for glory"– the glory of Hollywood
"Prepare for glory"– the glory of Hollywood
Keywords: Frank Miller; Thermopiles;
More...Keywords: Frank Miller; Thermopiles;
More...Keywords: Alba Iulia Orthodox Philanthropy; historical radiography; model; social centers; spirituality and professionalism;
The author proposes a historical radiography social service in the Romanian Orthodox Archdiocese of Alba Iulia. The services, projects, programs were developed to serve the community in general and particularly within the human body, it would combine spirituality with the professionalism required by the exigencies of society. In this sense we find the best patristic biblical foundation of mission, a clearly distinguishable binding synergy charity or philanthropy, social activism or aggressive humanist individualism. This association propose a model whose accuracy is certified by numerous functional social centers, the variety of educational programs, understanding at the outset the vision complex, multifactorial which promotes support for those who really need support. Overview of activities derived from the words of Holy Scripture: For as the body without the spirit is dead, so faith without deeds is death (James, 2, 26).
More...Review of: Pino Casamassina, Il libro nero delle brigate rose: Gli episodi e le azioni della piu nota organizzazione armata dagli „Anni di piombo” fino ai giorni nostri, Newton Compton Editori, Roma, 2007
More...Keywords: General G.A. Dabija; The First World War; the battle of Mărăşti; Romanian military writer; political prisoner at Jilava and Văcăreşti, Mărăşti Mausoleum
G.A. Dabija (born in Iaşi, on September 20-th 1872 and passed away in Bucharest in 1957) was a hostile element of the communist regime. He was a military attaché to Bulgaria and Serbia (1910-1913). He fought for his country in the battle of Mărăşti (1917) and on the Tisa front (1919) and, as recognition of his contribution in the battle of Mărăşti, he was awarded the rank of General in 1917. G.A. Dabija became known as a military writer, which led to his detention in the communist prisons at Jilava and Văcăreşti (1952-1955). His monumental work in 4 volumes entitled The Romanian Army in The First World War(1916-1918) was published between 1928 and 1937. He was director general of the Society of Mărăşti, that the objective was building of Mărăşti Mausoleum dedicated to the heroes who sacrificed their lives to the accomplishment of the national unity ideal.
More...Keywords: oral history; Cluj-Napoca; war memories;
In the last decades, the memory of the war became a recurring topic in oral history research. This article proposes a discussion on the relationship between war and oral history on two levels, the first being the development of the relationship between the two, which has its origins in ancient times and will be institutionalized during the Second World War due to Colonel Marshall's research on the field. After this moment, the use of oral testimony became standard procedure in the U.S. military, several thematic researches being developed(German Military History Program, Senior Officers Program) by special teams of military historians which were created with the task of gathering the testimonies in the shortest time from the researched event. These team shave been posted with the U.S. Army in all theaters of military operations in which the army was involved: Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, Somalia, and Afghanistan. The second approach discusses the specifics of remembering intense moments and how they can influence the quality and value of oral testimony gathered decades away from the event.In the last part of the article, we mention the research works regarding war memory, as those are reflected in the research topics and articles published by the Oral History Institute researchers in the last 13 issues of the Yearbook of Oral History. The diversity of the conflicts analyzed by specific methodology (World War Two, Afghanistan, Transnistria) assures an important role for the Institute of Oral History in the innovation of historiographical discourse about war in our country.
More...Keywords: revolver; Romanian Independence War; Romanian Principalities; Sword; weapon
The National Museum of Romanian History has an important weapon collection, comprising more than two hundred items. Although each of them is a small part of the Romanian history we chose only four to be presented in this article. A particular piece is the sword that belonged to Cloşca (Ion Oargă), one of the rulers of the 1784 mutiny, which took place in Transylvania. From the fire weapon category we chose to describe a revolver that is believed to have belonged to Alexandru Ioan Cuza (1820-1873), Ruler of the Romanian Principalities between 1859-1866. Another interesting sword is the one that was captured by Colonel Grigore Polizu from Edhem Pasa, one of the Ottoman commanders during the Romanian Independence War (1877-1878). At the end of this war the Romanian Army offered to prince Carol a beautiful sword as sign of gratitude for his devotion in battle, a sword which is also described in the article bellow. All these pieces are an important part of the patrimony of the National Museum of Romanian History patrimony, being connected with significant moments of our history.
More...Keywords: Transdnistria; Russian Federation; Kishinev;frozen conflict;
The Transdnistrian conflict or the war in Transdnistria (sometimes called Moldovan-Russian war) was a military conflict, currently a political conflict between Moldova and the self-proclaimed “Transdniester Moldovan Republic” over control in Camenca, Dubăsari, Grigoriopol, Ribniţa, Slobozia and Tiraspol, located on the left bank of the Dniester river, and Bender city, located on the right bank of the same river. The political conflict started in 1990, immediately after the independence of the so-called Transnistrian Moldovan Republic, with its dormant phase still being carried out today.
More...Keywords: Middle East; Allenby; Liman von Sanders; Yildirim Group; Meggido; First World War, Egyptian Expeditionary Force
Battle of Megiddo was by far the decisive battle within the British offensive started by General Edmund Allenby from Sinai Peninsula, in October 1917. From tactical point of view it can be described as the most complex military encounters occurred in the Middle East during the First World War. The battle fought, for almost one week in September 1918, by the Egyptian Expeditionary Forces, was the key strategic endeavor in gaining the full control of Palestine by the British army. The staunch, as well unconventional strategy employed by Allenby against the Yildirim Group in Palestine paid off, ultimately, by the full-scale destruction of two Ottoman Armies. Nevertheless, the Megiddo Battle should be seen as an adapted employment of the European style of conducting the war in the Middle East. By placing the cavalry assets to the core of the operational plan, he achieved an astonishing combination between speed, effective actions and geographical force projection. Moreover, the way in which Allenby used the logistics, air reconnaissance and fighting capabilities, was instrumental in neutralizing the adversary’s ability to articulate a meaningful reaction. Within days, British occupied Damascus and Beirut, paving the way for final defeat of Ottoman Empire, officially sanctioned, one month later, through the Mudros Armistice.
More...Keywords: Albert Porkolab; officer; First World War; Nasaud;
In the present study the author wants to complete the information and the photographici mages presented in the book “Un ardelean în Marele Război – Albert Porkolab(1880–1920)”, about the officer Albert Porkolab from Năsăud, a participant in World War I as an officer in the Austrian army – in the 63rd Infantry Regiment from Bistriţa,and later in the Romanian Army, in the 81st Infantry Regiment Dej. In the current study, several documents issued in 1923, two years after the deathof Albert Porkolab, were presented and analysed, on the occasion of the officer successionand of his personal assets division, to the benefit of his close relatives in Bistriţaand Năsăud.
More...Keywords: Metropolitain Pimen Gorgescu; la Premiere Guerre Mondiale; Iași; la Grande Union;
Au cours de la période 1916-1918, dans le cadre de l'abandon de Bucarest, Olténie, Munténie et Dobrogea sous la pression terrible de forces armées des Puissances Centrales, l'armée roumaine se retira en Moldavie – au nord de l’alignement stratégique Focșani-Namoloasa-Galați – et les autorités de l'Etat se retira à Iasi. Dans ce contexte dramatique, le Métropolie de Moldavie et de Suceava sous l'autorité spirituelle de L'Archevêque Pimen Georgescu a collaboré ainsi avec les facteurs politiques et militaires pour soutenir l’effort de guerre et de la réalisation de l’idéal national de l’unité politique de tous les Roumains.
More...Keywords: Furceni Military Camp; Sereth; Carol I King of Romania; Mihail Cerchez; Alexandru Macedonski; Iorgu Eminovici; Carol Davila; Gheorghe Manu; Narcis Crețulescu;
To a certain extent, the importance of the Furceni Camp can also be assessed by the number of outstanding personalities of the time who have been active in it. In the following lines, we briefly present the biographies of those who played an important role in the politics of the day and who came to the Furceni camp for training or important events, starting their presentation with King Carol I, at that time prince of Romania, and continuing with statesmen, high-ranking military officers, clerics or other people with famous names.
More...Keywords: anticommunist resistance; Alexandru Aldea; King Mihai I; Romanian Army; Aiud prison;
Following an ordinary military career, corresponding to his rank and training, General Aurel Aldea stood out especially after the transfer to the reserve in April 1941. Starting with 1942 he joined the group of generals devoted to King Mihai I, who was preparing the aligning of Romania to the United Nations. In the summer of 1944, he pronounced for the ousting of Marshal Ion Antonescu. On August 23, 1944, Aldea was appointed Minister of Interior (until November 4, 1944). In the autumn of 1945, in the context of the conflict between King Mihai I and the government of Dr. Petru Groza, he took the initiative to establish a Central Command of the National Resistance Movement in order to coordinate the activity of its organizations: "Haiducii lui Avram Iancu", „Sumanele Negre”, „Grupul Înarmat Sinaia”, “Graiul Sângelui”. In 1946 he was arrested, tried and sentenced to life in prison. The sentence was eventually commuted to severe imprisonment. He died in Aiud prison, on October 17, 1949.
More...Keywords: Romanian General Staff; Romanian army; interwar period; France; Germany; World War II:
For the most part, the spring of 1920 marked the end of the actions of the Romanian army for the defence of the territory of Greater Romania following the decisions from Chișinău, Chernivtsi and Alba Iulia, but the insecurity at the eastern border required the forces deployed between Prut and Dniester to remain on high alert up until May 1921. In the early 1920s, the threats Romania had to face came in the form of the revisionist policies openly promoted by the USSR, Hungary and Bulgaria, which were countered with the creation of a system of alliances with the neighboring states, which complemented the existing alliance with France. This sense of security, which, in hindsight, proved short-lived, translated in decreased attention granted to the needs of the army. The 1930s, however, brought dramatic changes with the rise of the Nazi party in Germany. Naturally, all these shifts reflected on the Romanian General Staff, which was shaped according to the perceptions of the Romanian decision-makers at any given moment of the interwar period.
More...Keywords: Baia Mare;Maramures;Eastern Carpathian Mountains; Romania;1918-1919;activity;Romanian national councils;
L'auteur présente les événements politiques qui ont au lieu à Baïa Mare et dans les localités environnantes pendant la période où l'État national roumain regagnait son unité nationale. Le 12 novembre 1918, on a créé le Conseil National „Roumain Comitatens" de Sătmar, réunissant 44 membres ainsi que le conseil et la garde nationale ayant 7 et respectivement 300 membres. Des conseils et des gardes nationaux locaux ont été également formés dans les communes avoisinantes (Baïa Sprie, Chiuzbaia, Chechiş, Cavnic, Dumbrăviţa, Ferneziu, Firiza, Unguraţ, etc). Du 12 novembre 1918 au 7 janvier 1919, cette dernière étant la date où les armées roumaines ont entré dans la ville de Baïa Mare, le Conseil National Roumain Territorial a pris en charge de maintenir l'ordre (désarmer les civils, accueillir le général Berthelot qui allait visiter ces contrées), de mettre fin aux mouvements anti-roumains provoqués par des éléments hostiles locaux, d'assurer le ravitaillement de la population civile de Baïa Mare et des villages avoisinants (on a créé en ce but un comité et un commissariat de l'alimentation territoriale), de veiller sur le bon fonctionnement de l'enseignement lycéal (à la demande du Conseil National Roumain Territorial, le commendament de l'armée roumaine a libéré le siège du lycée où il s'était installé, le 6 janvier 1919), de liquider le commerce illicite (on a infligé des punitions sévères à tous ceux qui spéculaient avec des produits alimentaires de base) etc. Le Conseil National Roumain Territorial aussi bien que les conseils nationaux locaux ont pris des mesures visant l'amélioration de la situation matérielle des travailleurs. On a demandé aux entreprises minières de réglementer la distribution des aides alimentaires (Baïa Sprie) et de liquider le chômage (à Cavnic, parmi les mineurs les plus jeunes de 18—25 ans il y avait 34 chômeurs). Aux côtés de l'armée roumaine, le Conseil National Roumain Territorial de Baïa Mare a eu une contribution incontestabile à la libération de la ville et à l'instauration de l'administration roumaine locale ; à ses appels chaleurex de nombreux paysans et ouvriers ont donné des renseignements précieux sur les troupes de l'ennemi et se sont enrôlés comme volontaires dans l'armée roumaine. Par l'intermédiaire de ses délégués à Alba Iulia (Theofil Dragoş, Alexiu Pocol, Nicolae Barbul, Demetriu Cînţa) la population roumaine de la contrée a pu connaître le contenu de la déclaration qui stipulait l'union de la Transylvanie avec la Roumanie, où l'on inscrivait des points d'une grande importance, tels la démocratisation de la vie politique et l'accomplissement de la réforme agraire.
More...Keywords: Amir Alexander; history; war;
Amir Alexander, Infinitezimal, Editura Humanitas, 2017; Sfârșitul iluziei, Marius Lazurca,. Mă număr printre aceia pe care războiul din Ucraina nu i-a surprins. Nu fac din asta un titlu de glorie, inclusiv pentru că, în circumstanțele actuale, ar fi probabil inde- cent. Nu sunt un specialist al temei, nici nu am acces la informații rezervate asupra dosarului. Sunt mai curând un observator atent, obligat să dea importanță acestei teme de chiar gravitatea ei intrinsecă și, în egală măsură, de mizele ei pentru România. Un război în imediata noastră vecină- tate ne afectează nemijlocit, dar și în feluri pe care azi, în focul evenimentelor, nu le putem desluși cu claritate.
More...Keywords: social memory;Bukovina;Mărăști;Mărășești;Oituz;First World War;
This article discusses the importance of social memory from the perspective of young generation. There were mentioned historical facts representative for the Romanians: the massacre at the White Fountain, the battles of Marasti, Mărăşeşti and Oituz. Genocide at the White Fountain took place on April 1 1941, and over 3,000 people died of the desire to return home. Though this year 77 years have passed since the Romanian Katyn, the historical truth has not yet been found. The failure of this moment by the consciousness of young demography cancels the reflex of justice, and in its absence it can not be rebuilt. The Moldavian fighters, from Marasesti, Mărăşeşti and Oituz, whose main actors were the Romanian soldiers rushed to the battle "No trespassing", are another important milestone for the young generation. July and August were decisive for Romania and its soldiers. The courage of the Romanian soldiers brought Romania's victory. On September the 8th 1917, when military operations ceased, Romania lost a total of 27,000 people and Germany about 47,000. During the whole period of confrontations with the Central Powers, Romania lost 250,000 soldiers and 430,000 civilians, almost 10% of the country's population.
More...Keywords: Romanian army; French army; intelligence; military attaché;
Intelligence collaboration between Romanian and French armies was a real success in World War I, because it made a decisive contribution at victories in summer of 1917. After the Great Union in December 1918, political-military alliance with France, who became the first power in Europe, helped Romanian state to secure its integrity, national sovereignty and protected its new frontiers.
More...Keywords: Sever Bocu; Victor Deleu; army schedule;
Același eroism bănățean este celebrat de Sever Bocu la groapa lui Victor Deleu. Comandantul armatei prizonierilor români bănățeni din Siberia este comparat cu Avram Iancu. Avocați amândoi, sunt legați prin fapte de luptă efective: „Avocat ca şi Avram Iancu, Victor Deleu se transformase, ca şi el, din avocat în generalisim. / „În revoluție trebuie să știi când să dai lovitura, în război aștepți îndelung oportunitățile. Așa și noi: așteptam. Obișnuitul program al armatei care așteaptă. Compania noastră ocupa creștetul unui muncel, iar taigaua începea la o aruncătură de băț. Două poteci se încrucișau în fața ochilor noștri, iar drumeagul desfundat ne cădea în dreapta."
More...Keywords: Arhivele totalitarismului; Edited volumes;
Institutul Național pentru Studiul Totalitarismului - Volume editate
More...Keywords: terrorism; political crimes; anglo-saxon justice system; criminology; criminological theories; social and political context; IRA;
Religious terrorism represents one of the most widespread forms of political crimes of the 20th century and the increase of such incidents in the 21st century begs the question of what exactly the cause for these acts is and how best can we prevent them. The Irish Republican Army and its activity represents a worthy example of how terrorist criminal behaviour can be transmitted through the generations and in this article, we will be analysing the etiological causes for the group’s behaviour. Thus, we will observe the ramifications that terrorism had on British and Irish society and towards the Anglo-Saxon justice system.
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