Contrafort Issue Nr. 1-2 (219-220) /2013
Contrafort Nr. 1-2 (219-220) ianuarie - octombrie 2013
Contrafort Issue Nr. 1-2 (219-220) /2013
More...Contrafort Issue Nr. 1-2 (219-220) /2013
More...Revision of the prosa written in Romania during the communist years. Comments by Simona-Ioana CUCUIAN, Laura ALBULESCU, Ioana MACREA-TOMA, Mihaela URSA,
More...Keywords: Normativ; juridic; sarcinile dreptului; metoda juridică
Studiul lui K.N. Llewellyn este o lucrare fundamentală pe care autorul a ameliorat-o timp de câteva decenii, începând cu vara anului 1927. Relevanţa pentru istoria filosofiei dreptului este egalată poate doar de dificultatea traducerii ei într-o limbă străină. Punerea lucrării lui K.N. Llewellyn la dispoziţia cititorului de limbă română ridică şi următoarea întrebare: oare în ce categorie de performanţă intră traducerea literaturii de bază în domeniul ştiinţelor sociale? Evident, acestea nu sunt de judecat în termenii ştiinţelor naturii, unde limba este aproape neutră faţă de conţinut, iar timpul dă studiilor, chiar celor revoluţionare, o valoare strict istorică. NRDO
More...The present paper attempts to re-enact the nationalization process which occurred in the villages of Damieni and Calugareni, situated on the bank of the Upper Niraj, settlements which were administratively integrated in the last phase of transformations in the Targu Mures rayon, in the Mures Autonomous Hungarian Region. The conducted research focuses on two main topics: the consequences of the communist legislation, its impact on the investigated settlements and the evolution of the socialist agricultural structures in consonance with the Stalinist pattern. The legislation of the quotas and the suppression under any form of those considered to be „chiaburi” (wealthy people), led to a certain flexibility on behalf of the townsmen, who would first join associations (a mass phenomena at Damieni) throughout the year 1960, until the Collective Agricultural Household was established by the end of 1962 in both settlements and encompassed them both almost entirely. The merger of the „30th December” collective agricultural household from Damieni and that of „Lenin’s Way” in Calugareni, in August 1962, represented the first phase of this process and did not bring about any major changes. To investigate the facts we resorted to an innovative material from the National Romanian Archives, the Mures branch, as well as to a less conventional source of oral history, the testimonies, completing 18 interviews with the persons that were directly involved in the analyzed process. The present study represents to a certain extent a history of the nameless, which means to round out in detail the conventional official history.
More...Cosmin Manolache, Călin Torsan, Sorin Stoica, Ciprian Voicilă, Povestiri mici şi mijlocii, ediţia a II-a revizuită, Curtea veche, Bucureşti, 2007; Ştefan Caraman, Rudi şi alte cioburi de singurătate, Colecţia Contemporani, Editura Compania, Bucureşti, 2005; Vasile Gogea, Scene din viaţa lui Anselmus (Ediţia a II-a, corectată şi completată de autor, cu o prefaţă de Ion Bogdan Lefter însoţită de cinci lecturi critice), Editura Limes, 2008; Andrei Şaguna, Corespondenţă, vol. II, ediţie, studiu introductiv şi note de Nicolae Bocşan, Gabriel-Viorel Gârdan, Ioan-Vasile Leb, Beatrice Dobozi, Presa Universitară Clujeană, 2008, 609 p; Lucian Bâgiu, Bestiar. Salată orientală cu universitari închipuiţi, Cartea Românească, 2008
More...Keywords: Pochayiv Monastery; Job of Pochayiv; Andrzej Firlej; lawsuits
The story of the Pochayiv Monastery began with the visit of the greek Metropolitan Neofit to a woman named Anna Gojska at Orla estate, several miles from Pochaev. He gave Anna an icon brought from Constantinople, and it stayed in her private chapel for some 30 years. In 1597 Anna gave the icon to the monastery on the mountain. She also gave lands and money. The monks built a new stone Dormition church to house the icon, for which Anna also gave funds. In 1604, the monastic community was joined by Ivan Zalizo. He received the monastic name of Job and was elected the monastery’s hegumen. Job introduced strict discipline and other reforms of monastic life. After Anna died, the mountain on which the monastery lay was inherited by Anna’s grandson Andrzej Firlej, governor of Sandomierz and Castellan of Belz, a convert to the Lutheran Church and very opposed to Eastern Orthodoxy. In 1623 Firlej raided the monastery, taking the holy icon and many jewelry. Job was initiated lawsuits of the Pochaiyv Monastery with Castellan of Belz. Thanks his to the efforts the Court of Lublin ordered the return image of what actually occurred. Court decision Andrzej Firlej finally returned the icon to the monks in 1644. Job of Pochayiv died on October 25, 1651.
More...The entire issue of 32 pages is offered for dowenload as 1 file. Before you download the entire issue you may first download the Table of Content to evaluate, whether it offers texts covering your fields of interest.
More...The entire issue of 32 pages is offered for dowenload as 1 file. Before you download the entire issue you may first download the Table of Content to evaluate, whether it offers texts covering your fields of interest.
More...Keywords: culture païenne; culture chrétienne; exemplum; fonction mimétique; fonction polémico-apologétique
Parmi les éléments de la rhétorique classique récupérés et remis en valeur par les auteurs chrétiens dans différentes formes littéraires, on trouve aussi l’appel aux comparationes par l’intermédiaire des exempla. Ainsi, dans la première partie, l’article présente les lignes générales du problème du parallèle entre les héros et les personnages gréco-romains et ceux chrétiens, ainsi que l’importance de l’exemple dans la stratégie démonstrative, persuasive et formative des écrivains ecclésiastiques. Dans la deuxième partie, on analyse quelques personnages repris de la tradition littéraire, historique ou mythologico-religieuse païenne et utilisés par des auteurs chrétiens latins et grecs comme exemplum dans différents écrits (des biographies, des panégyriques, des homélies, des carmina), tout en insistant sur leur fonction mimétique et sur celle polémico-apologétique, accomplies dans les œuvres en question.
More...Keywords: Traian Ştef; Mircea Teorean; Alexandru Muşina; Călin Vlasie; Florin-Corneliu Popovici; Maria Zintz; Paul Mucichescu; Adrian Mureşan; Rodica Grigore; Iulian Boldea; Dorin Ştefănaescu; Ştefan Borbély;
More...Keywords: Moldavian SSR; Moldova; USSR; Romania; Gorbachev; Perestroika; Glasnost; Moldavian Communist Party; Popular Front; Independence; center-periphery relation, ethnic; regional identities; history; memory
The Center for the Study of Communism and Post-Communism (CSCP), the Romanian Society for Historical Studies (SSIR), and the Institute for the Investigation of the Crimes of Communism and the Memory of Romanian Exile (ICCMER) held a conference on “The Republic of Moldova from Perestroika to Independence, 1989-1991,” on February 24, 2012. On this occasion, a volume edited by Igor Caşu and Igor Şarov on Republica Moldova de la Perestroika la Independenţă, 1989-1991. Documente secrete din arhiva CC al PCM (Chişinău, Editura Cartdidact, 2011) was launched. The participants were the historians Ovidiu Buruiană, Igor Caşu, Dorin Dobrincu, Flavius Solomon, and Igor Şarov. The topics approached in the conference were related to USSR in general, and to the Soviet Socialist Republic of Moldavia (RSSM) in particular in the era when Mihail Gorbachev came into power and introduced Peretroika and Glasnost. The central point of the discussion was the rapid change that took place in the RSSM between 1989 and 1990. The most famous were those involving symbolic identity: the recognition of Romanian as official language, the use of Latin alphabet, and the adoption of the Romanian flag with the arms of the historic Moldavia. This led in 1991 to the proclamation by the RSSM Parliament of the independence of the Republic of Moldavia. These facts are generally known, but the opening of the archives of the Moldovan Communist Party and of the KGB in Chisinau offered important new information on the period that is relevant for understanding the center-periphery relationship under Gorbachev; how the elite attempted to manage ideological, ethnical, social and economic issues; the establishment of the Popular Front and the Interfront; and the tensions between different power factions, especially in Chisinau, and elsewhere in Moldova. The participants in the debate also took into consideration how Romania related to the changes produced in Moldova during this time and the vice versa. The topics of defining the national and regional identity, of constructing or reconstructing, of tracing ideological political influence, the manner in which researchers and different groups have approached these issues were also debated. Examples from European history, including Romania and Moldova, were analyzed, something that has been avoided within the two historiographies. The tensions between official and professional history and between history and memory are also important aspects, mainly in the Central Eastern Europe. Their analysis is important not only for the small world of the professional historian or the larger circle of those passionate about the past, but also for society in general, if only to remove convenient but false “patriotic history”, and to create an alternative, breathable space where history may be questioned, analyzed and not grossly utilized as a political instrument.
More...Keywords: Cristian Racovski; Alexandrina Alexandrescu (Codreanu); marriage and divorce in Romania in the early 20th century; the Social Democratic movement in Romania; World War I and Romanian neutrality.
The documents published below include a part of the letters sent by Alexandrina Alexandrescu (Codreanu) to Cristian Racovski (Rakovsky) during the period between March-August 1916. The letters have been preserved in the personal fund “Кръстьо Раковски” from the Central State Archives (Централен държавен архив) in Sofia, Bulgaria. They convey important information concerning the intimate relationship between Cristian Racovski and Alexandrina Alexandrescu, who was at the time in the midst of her divorce trial with Filip Codreanu. The letters also touch upon Racovski's biography during the last months before Romania's entry into World War I and discuss the anti-war activities of the Social-Democratic circles in Romania. The documents are accompanied by an introductory essay and by detailed historical and bio-bibliographical comments
More...Keywords: technical surveillance; accessing a computer system; computer data; content data; traffic data; search and seizure; surveillance order; trans-border computer access; Budapest Convention on cybercrime;
In a previous article published in this journal we analysed the general aspects regarding the use of the technical surveillance method of accessing a computer system and also the procedural steps that need to be taken in order for the method to be legally authorized. In this article, we shall take into consideration the agents that are legally competent to carry out the technical surveillance method with emphasis on the repercussions of using the infrastructure of the Romanian Information Service and also the use of its operatives. Also, we shall focus on the aspects regarding territory and the possibility of accessing a computer system that is outside the jurisdiction of Romanian authorities and the cases when such an access is lawful. Another section is dedicated to the ways in which the technique of accessing a computer system can be implemented from a practical point of view, and the main obstacles that can interfere with obtaining information of use in a criminal investigation, taking into account the latest in technical advancements. Due to the fact that the Romanian Criminal Procedure Code implements different procedures of obtaining evidence that are related to accessing a computer system, in this article we shall make a rigorous contrast between these methods, in order to avoid any confusion in implementation that would lead to unlawful gathering of evidence.
More...Keywords: Moldavia, church bells; bellmaking technology
Bells used in Christian churches are documentary sources due to the inscriptions, decorations and coats of arms available on them. Depending on the language in which the inscriptions were made, old bells had different names. The bells used to be donated to the churches by private persons, by the right of the founder, or by communities; the oldest bells of the medieval Moldavian state date back to the reign of Stephen the Great. The alloy used for bell casting contained copper, brass and a minor amount of silver or other elements. Bellfounders were itinerant, traveling from church to church to cast bells, the furnaces were built on sites, and the casting of large bells was carried out only during the warmer months. The most lasting operation was building the furnace and constructing the mold, and the most dangerous process was pouring the melt metal in a mold. This was followed by controlled cooling the bell, removing the mold material after the metal has solidifi ed, and finishing the bell. Casting bells was always associated with a number of beliefs and practices meant to contribute to the success of the operation and the obtaining of a beautiful sound of the bell. Data about the practitioners of this craft are rather scanty; their few names can be found in archival documents and inscriptions on the bells only to the middle of the 18th century. Some bells were cast in Transylvania, in Sighişoara and Braşov. Whether members of the clergy or the laity, the bellfounders had great technical knowledge and skills handed down from father to son. Unfortunately, only a few churches and monasteries preserved the original bells; many were lost in course of time, sometimes in fires, and in most cases because of requisitions for military needs, when they were melted down to make cannons.
More...Keywords: letters; correspondence; war; history of culture; Carmen Rontea;
A series of letters dating from the World War II era, provided by Ioan Radu Nistor, the former director of the Năsăud Museum, reveals a love story between a beautiful woman originating from Năsăud, Livia Nistor and a young man who signs under the diminutive of Ioţa, who has his roots in Teregova (Caraş-Severin County). In the troubled times of the Hungarian occupation period, Livia is compelled to take the roadof refuge, following a route that includes localities in Banat, where she pursues a professional specialization, and the city of Braşov, where she becomes a postmistress in Timisu de Sus. It is in Teregova where she meets Ioţa, who sends her numerous love letters, many from the front, where the young man was sent as a soldier. Their letters, dating from 1942–1945, which sometimes seem naive, sometimes philosophical, mirror Ioţa’s deep feelings. In the end, Livia remarries another man. In the 1970s, her love for the native land makes her come home in Năsăud, where she will live to the ripe old age of 88. She passes away in 2006 and she is buried in the Orthodox cemetery of the town.
More...Keywords: Romanian literature; literary criticism;
This section of the issue contains several texts about the personality and critical work of Eugen Negrici.
More...