Keywords: dialectology; toponymy; lexicology
L`article comprend la toponymie des vallées de Bistra et de Sebes, département de Caras-Severin, Roumanie. Les noms de lieux ont été enregistrés à la suite d`amples enquêtes. On a consulté également un grand nombre de documents historiques (publiés ou en manuscrit) et des matériaux cartographiques qui se trouvent aux Archives d`État de Caransebes. Les principes de rédaction du glossaire mais aussi les méthodes utilisées pour la documentation sont celles qui ont été employés par le professeur Vasile Frăţilă dans le glossaire toponymique de la vallée de Târnave, publié dans l`étude Studii de toponimie si dialectologie, 2002. Les articles de glossaire sont organisés en fonction de la nature des noms. Les microtoponymes donnent des informations sur l`aspect géographique du terrain, sur l`importance économique et leur localisation. On indique aussi le sens et l`origine des appellatives qui sont à la base des noms propres.
More...Ion Zubaşcu, Omul disponibil, cu subtitlul Noi viziuni postistorice. Cântec de dragoste la care voi lucra toată viaţa, Editura Brumar, Timişoara, 2009; Mirela Roznoveanu, Civilizaţia romanului. O istorie a romanului de la Ramayana la Don Quijote, Bucureşti, Cartex, 2008; Str. REVOLUŢIEI nr. 89, volum coordonat de Dan Lungu şi Lucian Dan Teodorovici. Ed. Polirom, 2009; Lucian Boia – „Germanofilii”: elita intelectuală românească în anii Primului Război Mondial, Bucureşti: Humanitas, 2009. Ion Neagos - Un Auschwitz sighisorean (Cronica traducerilor)
More...reviews of (among others): Artur Pohl, Münzzeichen und Meisterzeichen auf ungarischen Münzen des Mittelalters 1300-1540. Graz: Akademische Druck- und Verlagsanstalt 1982 Inventar der Quellen zur Geschichte der Auswanderung 1500-1914 in den staatlichen Archiven von Rheinland-Pfalz und dem Saarland bearbeitet von Peter Brommer, Kar! Heinz Debus und Hans-Walter Herrmann. Koblenz: Selbstverlag der Landesarchivverwaltung Rheinland-Pfalz, 1976 Heinrich Zillich, Kronstadt. Innsbruck: Wort und Welt Verlag 1982 Gottfried Schramm, Eroberer und Eingesessene - Geographische Lehnnamen als Zeugen der Geschichte Südosteuropas im ersten Jahrtausend n. Chr. Stuttgart: A. Hiersemann-Verlag 1981 Delphine Bechtel, Siebenbürgen im Werk Heinrich Zillichs und Erwin Wittstocks. Memoire de Maitrise [Diplomarbeit], Université de Paris IV- Sorbonne, Juni 1980 Aurel Dumitrescu-Jippa und Nicolae Nistor, Sibiul si ţinutul în lumina istoriei, Bd.I, Cluj-Napoca: Dacia Verlag 1976 Dumitru Protase: Autohtonii în Dacia. Vol. I. Dacia romană [Die Bodenständigen in Dakien 1. Bd. Das römische Dakien]. Bucureşti: Editura Stiintifica şi Enciclopedica. 1980.
More...Keywords: genealogy; chronology; Dan; Mircea the Elder; the Basarab dynasty
Several misunderstandings of sources and confusions in their interpretation have long-time persisted when historians tried an account of the reign of Mircea the Elder, prince of Wallachia (1386-1418) and of the following period along the first half of the fifteenth century. This study aims to rewrite the genealogy of the Wallachian dynasty. Two princes who had the same name, Dan, were regarded as one alone, the same „Dan II”, when actually they were Mircea’s son (Dan III) and the son of Mircea’s brother Dan, whom we call Dan IV. We also argued for the existence of another of Mircea’s brothers with the same name, Dan II, who shortly interrupted Mircea’s reign. All of them were involved into the rivalry between Hungary and the Ottoman Empire in the border region between the Danube, the Carpathians and the Black Sea. Instead of having only one character, eager to change his politics according to one neighbour or another, we managed to find two cousins, taking sides each against the other, Dan IV being under the sultan’s protection, while Dan III fought against the Turks with the support of the Hungarians.
More...Interview with George Schwartz. Excerpt from the novel: "CEI O SUTĂ – AXA LUMII" by G. Schwartz
More...Keywords: confiscation; extented confiscation; Council Framework Decision 2005/212/JHA of 24 February 2005 on Confiscation of Crime-Related Proceeds; Instrumentalities and Property; Romanian Criminal Code; new Romanian Criminal Code; other applicable domestic legis
This paper, addressed to a specialised public, aims not only to analyse but also to clarify the difficulties encountered in accepting, understanding and applying the new law on “extended confiscation”. This study wishes to offer the reader the opportunity to have access to academic opinions on the theme in order to better form an opinion based on the different interpretations available as well as on the reader’s own perception. The first section takes us back in time to see the first similar regulations in Romania, their flaws, the differences between past realities and current realities as well as some similarities between what our “ancestors” imposed as law and the current achievements of the European Union. The second section treats the present, listing the different academic interpretations of the text, the conditions of application and the characteristics of the text, the true constitutional wars carried on the domain, as well as similar texts found in other states. Eventually, the third and final section takes a look at the future, basing itself on the new proposal for a EU Directive which would bring legal novelty in Romania.
More...Keywords: Noica;
Interview with Vasile Dem. Zamfirescu - Romanian writer and psychoanalyst, University professor, vice President of the Romanian Society of Psychoanalysis, director of the "Trei" Publishing House.
More...The representation of the hero-martyr by the communist ideology during ‘50s defines a myth-biography assimilated by official history shaped according to the political power. In fact it is a commemoration in which language becomes partner of the political power. In post socialism, myth-biography detaches from propaganda ubiquity and stands for a series of representation of Lazar Cernescu that are associated to social points of view. Partisans, the opponents against communism, “bandits” in official discourse regarded him as a traitor, an opportunist. In this respect he is associated to the communists and Security so one can receive an upside down image. After 1989 a great part of the representations were transferred to the other part: the opponents, the “bandits” became “fighters against communism” and become heroes. Lots of festivities took place, lots of monuments were built to remember them, lots of associations of former opponents were set up. On the other hand, communists were condemned because of the past events and also for the actual lickings. Although we identify a very strong movement against communism, paradoxically, we cannot identify communists. All of them retreated to full of prestige area: politics, economy etc. In these conditions, for the fighters against communism in Banat Mountains, Lazar remained a tragic event. On the one hand, our witnesses dealt with the people justice so they were reserved at the beginning of our interviews but later they were communicative. Secondly, we have to take into consideration the age of the witnesses, most of them toward the end of their lives, when they assume a kind of a very important part in the event, or they comment the event, or they even neglect facts they didn’t understand or cannot connect them to the theme. At the level of community, the assassination of Lazar germinated a real story and Lazar and communism are to be condemned. Also, the polemic character of the brother and daughter stories cannot be denied. They try to preserve the prestige of a loving and caring father and brother. Some clichés are to be also noted regarding Lazar biography either partisans or communists points of view. To sum up, we consider we have to deal with a sort of manipulation regarding the biography of the hero-martyr vs. traitor/communist/Security informer, before and after 1989, during communism and after post socialism. This manipulation meant romancing by inventing myths we dealt with in this study.
More...Keywords: Transylvania; reviews; social sciencies; humanities; East-Central Europe; Southeastern Europe
Reviews of books relevant to transylvanian studies, including mainly scientific works referring to subjects connected with Transylvania from social sciencies and humanities. Works about the broader region of east-central and southeastern Europe are included as well.
More...Keywords: infringement; right of intellectual property; civil procedural law; civil sanctions for infringement
The article examines legal issues specific to the infringement action, which requires clarifications. The issues related to the legal nature of the civil infringement action are put into question again and questions requiring the intervention of the legislator in the matter of the interim measures for the protection of intellectual property rights. The measures, proceedings and sanctions applied for the settlement on the merits of the civil infringement action, are described in detail.
More...Keywords: Dacia; period of the “Military Anarchy”; baths belonging to castra; external dislocations/permanent transfer; reduction of the active surface of the baths
There are enough cases of military baths in Germania Superior and Raetia when their functionalsurface was reduced or some parts were given other functions than those specific to the baths in the Late Period(the 2nd third of the 3rd century). The diminution of the number of the baths users was considered a cause for suchreductions. An important reason behind the diminishing number of soldiers in the border areas (and implicitlyof users of the baths from auxiliary forts), during the Late Period was considered the fact that a part of themwere send from their garrison spots for missions in other areas (and – if – they returned with incomplete effectives,to various degrees).In the same Late Period, troops or detachments of troops from Dacia were frequently dislocated outside theprovince for wars waged against the enemies of the Empire or during Roman internal confrontations (as a resultof the repeated usurpations during this period). Specialists have wondered if some of the detachments from thetroops of the province returned to their forts after the end of the hostilities or the temporary dislocations turnedinto permanent transfers in weak points or in certain concentration areas.Through the present initiative we wish to verify the variants from the perspective of the used area ofmilitary baths.
More...Keywords: Επίσκοπος; ιατρικής; έρευνας; φιλοσοφίας; ψυχή; φύση;
Η μελέτη αυτή παρουσιάζει την συνθήκη του επισκόπου Nεμεσιος του Eμεσα σχετικά με τηv φύση της ψυχής και αναλύει τηv μέθοδο της έρευνας όπου χρησιμοποιεί για την εμφάνιση της αντικειμενικής διδασκαλίας, τηv σκοπιά της θείας αποκάλυψης, σχετικά με τη φύση της ψυχής και τηv πνευματική έννοια του ανθρώπου στον κόσμο.
More...Keywords: Ileana Mălăncioiu; Romanian poetry; literary portrait;
This segment includes a series of texts about the poetry of Ileana Malancioiu.
More...Keywords: death; suicide; Transylvania; phenomenon; crime; perception; psyche;
Considerând acceptată ideea că moartea ca şi concept, la persoana întâi, reprezintă un fapt situat doar la timpul viitor, şi că moartea indiferent de vârsta la care survine este un eveniment prematur, noi punem aceste două direcții în legătură cu ideea sinuciderii. Înțelesul sinuciderii apare astfel în mod esențial ca fiind supremul gest de violență îndreptată împotriva persoanei însăşi, ce forțează la extremă capitalul neînțelesului faptului de a trece din lume. Toate aceste aspecte pot constitui fundamentele unei adânci meditații asupra gestului din punct de vedere istoric. Deoarece fenomenul sinuciderii este unul în creştere şi asupra lui planează, astăzi, în principal un discurs de prevenire, analiza istorică poate urmări, datorită substanței sale de bază – timpul –, modalitățile concrete de percepere, explicație şi tratament într-un anume spațiu istoric a autoviolenței maximale. Utilizând surse diverse (legislație, tratate de medicină, literatură religioasă – de la canoane la omiletică –, presă de factură laică şi religioasă, literatură laică, scrisori şi răspunsuri la nivel personal şi oficial etc.) specifice pentru un spațiu multicultural, multietnic şi multireligios cum este Transilvania, studiul de față caută să surprindă maniera în care în cea de a doua jumătate a secolului al XIX-lea fenomenul sinuciderii se reflecta în diferite sensuri sau expresii: reglementările Statului asupra sinuciderii, capacitatea unui discurs medical de a explica gestul, tratamentul acordat sinucigaşilor de către Bisericile transilvane, presa vremii, producțiile literare sau practicile arhaice/folclorice în aceeaşi gamă. Rezultatul cercetării de față arată certe modificări survenite în epocă. Astfel începând din 1850 sinuciderea nu mai este considerată o infracțiune în Transilvania, discursul medical se dezvoltă ca şi posibilitate de explicare a gestului, influențând tot mai mult celelalte expresii ale vremii şi consideră autoviolența maximă tot mai mult o problemă ce ține de un fond psihic. Pe de altă parte, presa vremii utilizează semnificativ tema datorită potențialului său spectacular, iar la nivelul unui discurs religios al epocii, pe lângă respingerea pe baza canoanelor a fenomenului, remarcăm la nivel practic, o anume „acceptare” a sinuciderii sub motivația nebuniei. Din acest punct de vedere există diferite niveluri de tratare a chestiunii în epocă. Mai mult, în urma studiului de față, ce caută să răspundă în spiritul documentelor cercetate şi întrebărilor de ce oamenii se sinucideau, în ce fel şi pentru ce motive, pot fi trasate o serie de noi direcții care, pe viitor ar putea lărgi mai amplu o anchetă din punct de vedere istoric asupra morții voluntare.
More...Keywords: Transmissionales; 1784; trial deeds; Rășinari; Sibiu Magistrate; remissional and transmissional letters; tables; conscriptions; 14th -18th centuries;
The trial deeds of the village of Rășinari against the Magistrate (Council) of the city of Sibiu were included in the volume of Transmissionales in Causa Possessionis Resinar contra Liberam Regiamque Civitatem Cibiniensem 1784, 1.318 pages. The comprehensive annexes of this volume, which contain all the documents that were significant for the history and possessory rights of Rășinari, start with the translation from „Wallachian” (Romanian) into Latin of two documents, that in the 18th century were considered to have a founding value: 1) cartea ocolniță of 1488, describing the reambulatio of the village boundaries between Rășinari and Cisnădie, „the big neighbours”; 2) the extract from an act of donation from 1383, when certain estates were donated to the Saint Paraschiva’s Church of Rășinari. Our debate concerns the Latin version of both Romanian documents, as well as the importance granted in the 18 th century to these documents, that were used during the above mentioned process.Our edition of documents, published ‒ most of them ‒ for the first time in Latin transcription and Romanian translation, includes, besides those mentioned from 1488 and 1383, further important trial deeds, imperial diplomas, remissional and transmissional letters, tables and conscriptions, ending with the summary index of the volume Transmissionales from Rășinari.The documentary annexes of this edition comprise the following documents:1.1. [Rășinari,] 22 May 1488. Cartea ocolniță, translated from Romanian into Latin;1.2. [Rășinari,] 7 January 1383. Extract from the act of donation, in Latin translation from Romanian;2.1. Sibiu, 4 June 1773. Letter of testimony, in Latin translation, about the cartea ocolniță found on 5 June 1755 by mason master Johannes Drotlich in the Church of Saint Paraschiva from Rășinari;2.2. Sibiu, 4 June 1773. The German original of Drotlich’s testimony;3. [Rășinari, 1781.] Mention of the topographical map, showing the village borders of Rășinari;4. [Sadu, 30 December 1776.] Questions no. 1-3 and 8 of the examination of witnesses from 1776-1777, regarding the possessory rights of Rășinari;5. [Sadu, 30 December 1776.] Tănase Oancea’s testimony about the village borders of Rășinari and about the cartea ocolniță found when the old church was demolished;6. [Sadu, 30 December 1776.] The testimony of the Greek-Catholic archpriest Nicolae Pop from Sadu, who ‒ as trustee and archpriest of the above mentioned great church in Rășinari ‒ had transmitted to his bishop Petru Pavel Aron the book discovered by Saxon masons in the church foundation, cartea ocolniță.7.1. Sibiu, 22 October 1467. The remissional letter of king Mathias Corvinus, who sold for 250 florins the possession of Rășinari to the city inhabitants from Sibiu, diploma copied in the volume Transmissionales ...;7.2. Sibiu, 22 October 1467. The same remissional letter, reproduced in Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Deutschen in Siebenbürgen, vol. VI (1981);8. [Rășinari/Sibiu, 1784]. Copy of the certificate, in which the villagers from Rășinari apparently „admit” that they never had a genuine border letter, like cartea ocolniță;9.1. Sibiu, November 1700. The document, entitled Miseria et Status Pagorum Poplak, Roschinar, Michelsberg, Helthau, Czod, Vesten, Moichen ex Commissione Illustrissimi Domini Domini Johannis Sachs ab Hartenek Comitis et Consulis Saxonum in Transsilvania (Misery and State of the Villages Poplaca, Răşinari, Cisnădioara, Cisnădie, Sadu, Veştem, Mohu, [investigated] by command of Honourable Johann Sachs von Harteneck, Count of the Saxons in Transylvania and Consul [Mayor] of Sibiu), includes a description of Rășinari in 1700, in which the village lands and its council of 40 Old Men (quadraginta seniorum viratus) are also mentioned;9.2. Rășinari, November 1700. Conscription table with the names, state and age of the villagers, the number of their cows, sheep, cattle, their taxes, contributions, interests and debts;9.3. Rășinari, November 1700. Conscription table with the names and age of the fugitives from Rășinari, including their refugee places and the goods taken with them;9.4. Rășinari, November 1700. Collective answers of the villagers, responding to the instruction inquiry, as regards the village’s rights of possession;9.5. Sibiu, 1750. From the fiscal conscription of Transylvania, the descriptions of the settlements Cisnădioara, Rășinari, and Sibiu are presented;10. [Sibiu, 5 February 1784.] Deliberation (Deliberatum) of the Transylvanian Gubernium, regarding the 7 complaints exposed by the village community from Rășinari against the Magistrate (Council) of the city of Sibiu, analysed in virtue of several documents presented by both litigant parties;11. Sibiu, 5 February 1784. Decision (Deliberatum) of the Transylvanian Gubernium, in the process of the village Rășinari against the Sibiu Magistrate, followed by the revision of the procedural acts, that were being sent to the Supreme Court of Justice to Vienna;12. [Sibiu, 5 February 1784.] Table with the expedition and decision taxes of 164 florins, spent for sending the procedural acts to Vienna;13. [Rășinari/Sibiu, after 5 February 1784.] Index of the transmissional register, containing the acts of the reconventional process between the village community of Rășinari and the Magistrate of Sibiu, elaborated considering the appeal made to the Supreme Court of Justice in Vienna.
More...Keywords: Roman pottery; military site; fabrication; statistics; imports;
The authors are testing here an older impression, that the Roman pottery from western and eastern sidesof the Olt River (Alutus) is not exactly the same. In order to accomplish a comparison, they are using twosets of data: the normalised data offered by the old monograph of the Roman pottery from Oltenia(Popilian 1976) and the ceramic inventory from the digging campaign at the Roman fort from Băneasa(Teleorman county, 20 km east of Olt River).A methodological section explains the criteria followed for classifying the sherds, in order to have both anarchaeological report and the object of comparison with previous collections of data. At the end of thatsection there is explained the annex of the study, containing the detailed description of the ceramic pastes,as well as some statistics of the recurrence of the main types.The larger section of the study is an illustrated and commented catalogue of the pottery from Băneasa,sorting data in the next order: recipients for transportation, for storage, for cooking, for drinking and foreating, ending with the lids – a multifunctional category – and mortaria.A last section of the paper tries to bring a solution to an older problem: how different is the pottery fromthe eastern fringes of Dacia inferior compared with that – better known – from the core of the province,located west of the Lower Olt River; a comparison still difficult, as working with such differentcollections (a full-shape catalogue of recipients versus a complete inventory from one digging).
More...Keywords: lamps; stamps; Roman fort; workshop; northern Italic imports; local products;
This study focuses on the analyses of a specific type of archaeological material, namely the lamps, discovered in the Roman fort at Micia. These finds have a special place within the framework of archaeological discoveries due to the fact that the stamps or the other details offer the possibility to identify the workshop where the objects were manufactured, such element being relevant in establishing the relative chronology. The analysis was made on a set of 111 pieces that had been discovered during the archaeological campaigns carried out between 1976 and 1987 in the Roman camp at Micia. The objects are now part of National History Museum of Romania collections. There are 110 lamps and an upper valve of a mould. As regards the chronology of the lamps found in the fort at Micia, by considering the ones assigned by us as northern Italic imports, the manufacturers’ workshops are functional during the 2nd c. AD. For the provincial and local product one has to consider the 2nd –3 rd c. AD, based on their archaeological contexts of provenance.
More...Keywords: middle Hallstatt period; bronze hoards; collective grave; Basarabi type pottery;
The preventive archaeological research campaign 2012 on the site Tărtăria-Podu Tărtăriei vest was occasioned by the construction of the A 1 motorway. The site was identified following the survey made in 2011 by an archaeological team from the National History Museum of Romania, although there were a series of earlier information concerning the archaeological potential of this area but near to DN7 route and the railway Arad-Alba Iulia. The site is located about 0.3km south of DN 7 IE 68 road, north to Tărtăria village, on a plateau situated on the upper left terrace of the Mureş valley. The preventive archaeological investigations took place in spring and summer 2012 (March-July) and led to the discovery of very consistent archaeological vestiges. Throughout an open area archaeological excavation it was fully investigated an area of about 2ha, where 269 archaeological complexes (mostly from the middle Hallstatt period - the Basarabi ceramic style) were investigated. There have been excavated a variety of archaeological remains, e.g. (possible) semi-sunken dwellings, offering pits (with pottery broken in situ), refuse and extraction pits, but also certain particular vestiges - two ditches marking the southern and eastern limits of the site, two bronze hoards (comprising 400 bronze and iron objects, dated to the Ha C 1 period - the Bâlvăneşti-Vinţ series, 81 h c. BC) and a collective grave. Also, there was uncovered a large quantity of pottery of Basarabi type, as well as a great number of metal objects (weapons, tools and adornments of bronze and iron). Considering all the data recorded and the preliminary analysis of the very rich archaeological finds from Tărtăria-Podu Tărtăriei vest, this is a very important site from the middle Hallstatt period.
More...Keywords: dragoman; intepreter; bailo; Bar; Koper; Venice; Constantinople; the 17th century
On the basis of historical sources and historiography,the life path and circumstances related to the death of Marc’Antonio Borisi (c. 1570-1620), the nobleman of Bar and Koper, the Grand Dragoman in the Venetian embassy of Constantinople, are reconsidered. The interdisciplinary approach to the research and particularly the comparative method shed light on the work, significance and reputation of this polyglot in the diplomatic world of the Ottoman capital, Venice and Europe.
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