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The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between academic achievement and certain aspects of mental health (depression and aggressiveness) as well as the possibility of predicting academic achievement based on the mentioned variables. The sample consists of 228 freshman and sophomore students from the University in Priština temporarily settled in Kosovska Mitrovica. The following instruments were used in the research: Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-I, Beck, 1961) and Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire (AQ, Buss and Perry, 1992). The average grade during studies was considered as academic achievement. The results show that there is a statistically significant negative correlation between academic achievement and physical aggressiveness (r=-0.249, p<0.01), and between academic achievement and depression (r=-0.249, p<0.01). The possibility of predicting academic achievement based on the set of variables of mental health (depression and aggressiveness and its aspects) was also confirmed. Depression proved to be the best predictor. The percentage of the explained variances was 15 %. There is a statistically significant difference regarding the prominence of depression and certain aspects of aggressiveness between male and female examinees. Female examinees proved to be more successful academically and more depressed in comparison to male examinees, while physical aggressiveness was more prominent among male examinees. These results partly coincide with some earlier studies and they imply a need to perform preventive activities for the purpose of improving students’ mental health and thus indirectly helping them to achieve better academic success.
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The aim of this paper is to emphasize the importance of university educated workers in improving innovativeness of large companies in Serbia. Specifically, Serbia, as a country that has belatedly embarked on a process of economic transition, has lost its large companies. Large companies create over 65 % of gross domestic product in modern market economies. The backbone of the growth of large enterprises is made of innovation in respect of products, processes, organization, and marketing. The paper is based on the data obtained from a sample of 188 large companies in Serbia that implemented any innovative activity in 2012. Based on this data, we constructed a regression model in which the determinant of innovativeness was the percentage share of university educated employees, while the control variable was the data on the age of installed equipment. The constructed model was fully applicable to 56 % of large companies in the sample, and such a high coefficient of determination clearly shows that a high share of university educated employees fosters innovativeness, and thus growth and development of large companies in Serbia.
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Considering the fact that most European countries have decades of experience in the work of alternative schools, this paper presents the research that pertains to preconditions for the development of alternative education in Serbia. The instrument applied has been created for the purpose of this research, and the sample includes 441 subjects (teachers, parents, and pedagogy students). The obtained results show that the subjects are generally poorly informed about alternative pedagogical concepts. The results also show that, unlike a significant number of pedagogy students, who express a positive attitude toward the need to increase the number of alternative schools in Serbia, the majority of teachers and parents are undecided on this issue. It is concluded that in order to improve the quality of education, it is very important to work on informing parents about alternative schools and on introducing content from the field of pedagogical and school pluralism into the curricula of teacher training faculties.
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This paper presents the development of the political situation in the Pashaluk of Belgrade in the late 18th and early 19th century. On the eve of the 19th century, the Turkish feudal system faced the events that deeply shook the entire legal and socio-economic order in the empire. Under such circumstances, the Turkish Empire underwent major upheavals, which were caused by wars with Austria and Russia, the political changes in Europe, as well as the growing liberation movements of subordinated Balkan peoples. These movements, which were particularly prominent in the Pashaluk of Belgrade, gave rise to a massive liberation uprising of the Serbian people in the early 19th century, known as the Serbian revolution, which marked the beginning of a new era in the history of the Serbian people.
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According to recent studies, the teaching profession is stressful because of the complexity of professional roles and great social responsibility. Bad interpersonal relationships and a non-stimulating work environment are also the factors that increase professional stress. A long-term exposure to stress may lead to the burnout syndrome, which is characterised by emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and a decrease in work efficiency. This research is aimed at studying the relationships between work climate, basic psychological needs, and teachers’ burnout. The sample includes elementary school teachers (105) and university professors (95) in order to examine if there are any differences in the relations of the aforementioned variables depending on the level of education. One of the goals of the research was also to verify whether the basic psychological needs have a mediating effect on the relationship between the work climate and the burnout of teachers. According to the Self-Determination Theory, the conceptual framework of this study, every human being has three inherent needs – autonomy, competence, and relatedness. According to the research problem, the Work Climate Questionnaire (WCQ), the Basic Need Satisfaction Scale at Work (BNSSW), and The Teacher Burnout Scale (TBS) were used. The results showed that teachers estimated their work climate as satisfactory, their basic psychological needs as moderately satisfied, and their burnout as low. Work climate was a positive predictor of the need for autonomy and competence and a negative predictor of the teachers’ burnout. Autonomy was the only mediating variable, i.e. the variable that mediates in the relationship between work climate and burnout in both elementary school teachers and university professors. The findings could be partly explained from the perspective of the Self-Determination Theory, and they contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between the psychological needs, work context, and subjective well-being of the education sector employees.
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As a process of forming a person’s character, education has always had an important influence on young people. Every society in its historical development implements various methods of education. In order to develop a complete personality, various forms of persuasion, explanation, moral skill drills, motivation, and others have been used so far. This study is of a correlational type. The aim of this paper is to investigate current guidance techniques applied within the method of encouragement and the method of prevention, as well as to assess their correlation in practice (family and school). A parent applies the method of anticipation within the family, while a school teacher applies the method of encouraging meta-cognition and subsidiarity, which correlate highly in practice. Both the school and the family make use of the prevention method as a pedagogically justified intervention for the suppression of negative behaviour, and as such they have a preventative and corrective function. Quantitative indicators point to the fact that reasons for variations in the incidence of encouraging and preventative techniques lie primarily in the personality of teachers (form teachers) and their teaching style. Finally, the paper proposes a new approach, based on child-parent and child-teacher group interaction, aimed towards children’s moral education.
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The majority of contemporary criminal laws provides for criminal-law protection of judiciary and other entities dealing with the administrative, offense, disciplinary or other proceedings prescribed by the law. It is in the best interest of the society to have the decisions of judicial and other entities be based on properly established facts, which is impossible to achieve if the persons involved in the proceeding willfully tell an untruth. The legal importance and complex nature of this incrimination requires efficient measures of the government bodies in order to prevent the adverse effects of the falsehood for the society and to determine the criminal liability of perjurers.
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The aim of this paper is to offer a gender-differentiated analysis based on the obtained gender-sensitive data and on existing differences regarding the use of Internet content. The main issue of this research concerns the examination of gender differences regarding the use of the Internet among university students of three Balkan countries. The analyses are based on the findings from the fieldwork study entitled “Cultural orientation of actors/students, interethnic relations, national identity and culture of peace in the Balkans”, conducted on the sample of a total of 2,400 student respondents in three university centres (Niš/Serbia, Bitolj/FYR Macedonia, and Veliko Trnovo/Bulgaria). The results indicate that gender differences do matter with respect to the use of the Internet in all three observed countries and that there are differences in the obtained results between each country. Namely, in Bulgaria we have encountered statistically significant differences in only three out of twelve items, while in both Serbia and FYR Macedonia we observed them in five out of twelve items. As regards the matter of reducing gender differences in the use of new technologies among student population, this result may indicate slight progress in Bulgaria in comparison to Serbia and FYR Macedonia, Bulgaria being a member of the EU.
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In this paper the authors deal with the (in)compatibility of the different levels of professional education with the need of industry in Serbia, using the example of the six industrial organizations. These industrial organizations have got different structural characteristics and belong to different branches of industry (textile, chemical, metal, wood, electromechanical and food processing). The analysis is based on the results of empirical research, which has been realized by the multiple case method. The main findings make us think that it is possible (within the framework of the defined problem) to recognize two groups of social actors (employers and employees) with different interests and different perception of quality of professional education and its compatibility with the needs of industrial process of work.
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This paper discusses the chronology of the establishment and organisation of political parties in Serbia during the 1880s. The National Radical Party was established in January 1881 as the first organised political party in Serbia. Two other political parties, the Progressive and the Liberal Party, followed soon after. The establishment of the local committee in Belgrade in early December of 1881 marked the constitution of the National Radical Party. Other local committees were established throughout Serbia immediately after the first one. The local committees represented the basic organisational units of the Progressive Party with the General Committee based in Belgrade. The Statutes of the National Liberal Party, issued on 3/15 March 1883, defined the following bodies: General Committee, local committees, and the Party Meetings.
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Author in this paper has argued relationship between the concept of growing precariatisation and phenomenology of occasional work as a school teacher. Instability in employment leads to emotional, social and psychological instability teachers. Teachers who work part-time are marginalized individuals, outsiders on the periphery of the school culture survive as paraprofessionals. An effort was made to portray the professional role and characteristics of teachers who worked part-time and such an image linked with recent classifications, and the social categorization that has been done in the literature. Based on the analysis which concludes that the concept of precarity can be fruitful for further study of the phenomenology of the work of teachers who are temporarily and occasionally engaged in teaching.
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The starting point of this paper is the widespread educational imperative that is nowadays directed towards schools, which are expected to prepare students to understand the sociability of the world they live in and to actively participate in it. This paper considers the possibility of more significantly affecting the development of complex social concepts (social groups, the past and the development of society, standards and rules, laws, etc.) and social interaction. The issue of efficiency of applied teaching models is viewed from the perspective of students as actors in the educational process. The aim of this research is to determine students’ attitudes towards the adoption of content about the past during lessons based on the multimedia approach, as compared to traditional classes. The paper proposes a general hypothesis that the teaching about the distant past that includes vocal reproduction and audio-visual perception is more successful at encouraging students to continue independent research of historical sources, to actively construct historical knowledge, and to express social skills. The students (N=124) evaluated the effects of teaching on the subscales of a Likert-type questionnaire: research of historical sources, active construction of knowledge, and social skills. The results showed that students evaluated the applied teaching models for the adoption of content about the past as successful. Students who were focused on the musical and visual experience during the processing of historical content estimate that they understood the events, that the events seemed real to them, that they imagined historical places and personalities with ease, which contributed to their researching sources on their own, being more active in classes, and cooperating with others. The implications of the research results on the issue of more effective teaching during which social concepts are developed are reflected in the constant creation of new teaching models that make the understanding of today’s society and living in it more successful.
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In the business environment characterised by globalisation, the internationalisation of business, shortened product life cycle, the application of new production, information, and communication technologies, changes in the requirements of increasingly selective customers, etc., it is becoming more difficult to achieve, maintain, and improve competitive advantage. Numerous constraints stand in the way of achieving, maintaining, and improving competitive advantage. In different steps of the theory of constraints, the constraints that prevent the company and its divisions from achieving higher performance are identified, and the ways to mitigate their negative effects and overcome them are sought. The aim of this paper is the overview of possibilities of applying lean concept techniques in the theory of constraints, and analysis of their joint effect in the context of overcoming the different constraints in business operations, with the purpose of improving enterprise performance.
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The paper explores the role of education in preventing social exclusion in the Western Balkan countries. Given that education is considered as one of the factors of social exclusion, the paper tests the hypothesis that access to education and training determines the process of inclusion of individuals in social activities. In this regard, we investigate the importance of the level of education for individuals’ perceptions of social exclusion, their participation in the activities of community organizations, and the intensity of their civic and political engagement. Statistical analysis of empirical data (analysis of variance, post hoc analysis) from the Third European Quality of Life Survey confirms that there is a statistically significant impact of education level on the processes of social inclusion. In particular, for all forms of social activities there are statistically significant differences in mean indicator values between individuals with primary, secondary, and tertiary education.
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Creating, publishing and using content is one of the new ways to communicate with consumers. It is about Internet communication based on high-quality, interesting and relevant material in a form that is most appropriate for the consumer. Owing to the targeted content, the consumer is able to solve a specific problem, to be informed or entertained. From the basic characteristics of creating, publishing and using content in the regular business conditions on the one hand and the main features of organizational communication in crisis situations on the other, the paper presents the principal attributes of this way of communication process in the usual business operation and explains the reasons for its use in crisis. By means the bibliographic-speculative method the paper discusses the motivation of its use in different strategies of crisis communication. This research cites existing studies on the use of individual forms of content in crisis situations. Used either in the usual business operation or in unforeseen circumstances, the current knowledge of creating, publishing and using content is based primarily on professional experiences, so this study may contribute to future directions of scientific research on this concept.
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