A Memorandum-vita elõzményei
The article focuses on the reasons that determined the initiative of a number of Transylvanians to reform the administrative structure of Romania – known under the name “The Memorandum”.
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The article focuses on the reasons that determined the initiative of a number of Transylvanians to reform the administrative structure of Romania – known under the name “The Memorandum”.
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Whether and when children can apply their developing understanding of belief to persuasion was examined using picture stories tasks. Children created or selected arguments to persuade a parent. In 2 studies, 253 children (aged 4–8 years) engaged in persuasion tasks and in first and second order false-belief reasoning tasks. The belief-relevant argument increased with age. The understanding of false beliefs proved to be a predictor of the ability to refer to the cognitive perspective of others in creating and selecting a persuasive argument. The results suggest that improvements in belief reasoning in early and middle childhood may be refl ected in social interactions such as persuasion.
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Sprawozdanie z Międzynarodowej Konferencji Vocational Counselling of Pupils with Special Educational Needs (SEN): Experience of the European Union Countries, Šiauliai, Litwa, 31 maja 2012
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The paper presents the Humanistic Model of Assisting the Development. Understanding the dynamic and changing relationship between the human and the world, as perceived from the time perspective by the aided person, constitutes the basis of the aided development. In this process the feedback is focused on the concept of life – the system of opinions and beliefs concerning life – which includes the following subsystems: knowledge about life, values – directions of the life path, life goals, goal realization schemes, attitude to the self, attitude to the others, moral control of actions, heuristics of the global assessment of life and time perspective. The concept of life is created as a result of understanding and experiencing the relationality of the world available thanks to consciousness. In order to make actions and their effects (events) available to consciousness, one has to ascribe meaning to them. Obtaining access to the ‘world’ of meanings of a person in a problematic situation is a key element in understanding such people, and one of the cognitive methods is dialogue with the aided person, which helps those who want to understand. The aim is to change the concept of life in order to solve the problem. This method can be supplemented with selected techniques focused on the development of skill and ability if the aided person thinks that their effects will help to fulfi ll the concept of life.
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This paper analysis the representations of Hungarians from Transylvania about national belonging, group limits, the concept of homeland, prejudice, ethnocentrism and the way they perceive emotional attitudes, by means of a quantitative method. During the analysis of focus groups, we were looking for answers to three questions. The first one concerned the national limits they indicated and their interpretation of national belonging. The second one concerned they way they define their homeland and the interpretations they relate to it. The third one explored the way they relate to Hungary. Based on the answers, we differentiate between two very strong national discourses related to the perception of Hungarians from Transylvania about nation and national belonging: the essentialist-radical and the quasiprimordialist, moderate discourse, which may mix to a certain degree in everyday life.
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Review of the book: Sonja Drobnic - Hans-Peter Blossfeld: Karrierminták az egyéni életutak során: nem, osztály és összekapcsolt életek (Career Patterns over the Life Course: Gender, Class and Linked Lives). Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, Volume 21, 139-164
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Based on survey research, our study examines the religiosity of the Hungarian minority from Romania. After a short summary of sociological theories related to religious change, the religiosity of Hungarians from Transylvania, Romanians and Hungarians from Hungary are compared. In our analysis, we determine that in its public-community dimension the religiosity of Hungarians from Transylvania is higher than that of both Romanians and Hungarians from Hungary. On the other hand, the degree of acceptance of certain religious beliefs is lower than among Romanians. The generally high degree of religiosity of Hungarians from Transylvania is explained by the characteristics of their minority situation.
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Based on a research of 128 high school students, the study is dealing with the reproduction of socio-economical differences. It highlights the role of attitudes toward school and learning,the role of learning motivation in this reproduction process. The analysis is based on a survey,which collected data on socio-economic background, learning motivation, learning strategies and the frequency of the flow-experience during learning. The results show significant differences in motivation patterns and learning strategies between different social groups, a significant correlation between the different factors of learning motivation and thedevelopment level of learning strategies and the used learning strategies affects the frequency of the positive flow-experiences during learning.
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The paper presents three case studies conducted in Hungarian towns by the Romanian- Hungarian border: Makó, Gyula and Létavértes. Focusing on the situation of the Romanian workers in the selected settlements, it analyzes how the border and the neighboring regions appear in the every-day life and mid-term plans of these towns. Several researches proved (Németh et al 2009, Pulay 2009) that most of the Romanian immigrants work in the Central-Hungarian Region, and not in the bordering regions, where the flow of workers is sometimes opposite; as also these case studies show. There are four type of crossborder relationships among the settlements and the neighboring country, according to the case studies: (1) informal relationships; (2) formal relationships of the city councils; (3) spontaneous economic relationship; (4) cross-border economic clusters; as the paper presents whilst the first two can be found at each town, the latter two is still not built out. The settlements of the region along the border did not gain a bridging role between the two states neither for the local (employees or employers) nor for the non-local actors.
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The article aims to contribute to the growing literature of ethnic consumption in Romania. Based on empirical researches we study the characteristics and possible explanations of the ethnocentric behavior in consumption among ethnic Hungarians from Romania. Both the results of a representative survey among Hungarians from Transilvania, and of an online survey among Hungarian students from Cluj Napoca show that the ethnocentric behavior in economic transactions, including consumption, is an existing phenomenon in the ethnic Hungarian community from Romania. The main conclusion of the article is that the issue can be approached from more theoretical perspectives: both the structural approach of the new economic sociology and the socio-economics` perspective focusing on the rational choices of the individual are useful in describing and explaining ethnocentric behavior in consumption.
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Proceeding from the example of Romanian football, this paper argues that football is a symbol that manifests itself ritualistically in today’s Romanian society. Along the presentation of typical local actors, actions and locations, the author formulates the hypothesis that football games organised on a weekly basis are part of the turnerian social drama, which present the struggle between different big social groups in a symbolic way. Our paper is based on the content analysis of the Romanian specialised media, therefore it is only logical that the author also touches upon the structure of the ideal typical discourse on football, which concerns social relationships in its meaning.
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The aim of this article is to demonstrate that the inner form of the language which serves as a means of expressing the psychic content of it, is the most concrete and evident demonstration of the particular features and special characteristics a language possesses especially in terms of dialectical lexicon and phraseology as it transmits and conveys the national spirit, point of views and general outlook. Humboldt’s theory appeared of great interest and provided us a lot of evidence to fully justify the fact that during the process of shaping and structurally formalizing the basic sound patterns of different languages, people have dissolved their spirit, their mentality, their way of thinking and understanding. Exploiting the principle of inner form we became aware of the fact that the signifying words used or the selection of different linguistic elements to nominate one and the same objective reality’s component was not at all neither identical nor similar and this data gave us the immense possibility to advance arguments that a native language speakers perceive, understand, interpret and shape the real world in different distinct, original ways and that the devices people choose to cut up their reality apparently differ a lot from languages to languages.
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At a lecture in front of MA students and PhD students the author presented four cases from the journalistic practice. Each of them raises certain questions regarding the ethics of every respected and self-respecting journalist, who appreciate their job, and must abide by the ethics rules. The author introduced the issues and commented on the content of the code of Ethics of the Bulgarian media.
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The paper tackles the issue of gender in the Bulgarian phraseology. The article studies the problem through examples from the Bulgarian phraseology and investigates the linguistic reflection on the background of the changes in the social views regarding gender as a socio-cultural construction. The investigation is based on semantic and cognitive linguistic theories.
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The article discusses the speech of children with communicative disorders focusing from linguistic point of view on the number of the words they use that belong to the different parts of speech. The data are obtained from a project that aims at the development and approbation of a battery of tests that investigate the speech of children with disorders. As a result from this project, a software prototype that measures the frequency of words in children’s speech has been developed.
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The article deals with certain processes that newspapers face at the beginning of 21st century. The focus is on an analysis of the “Nedelnik” newspaper that has been published for a decade in the USA and Canada. The article is based on John Durham Peters’ book Speaking into the Air: A History of the Idea of Communication and discusses the modern relations author-newspaper-reader at the background of a different theory of communication.
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The text announces the appearance of a new important research center – “Zograph digital scholarlyresearch library” in Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”. The newly found digital library is a result of a joint project of the Zograph monastery at Mount Athos and scholars from the Sofia University, which aimed at making the precious Zograph manuscripts available for contemporary study. As a result the new digital library will function as a subdivision of the University library and already contains digital copies of 286 literary artifacts.
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Language is a central feature of human identity. When we hear someone speak, we immediately make guesses about gender, education level, age, profession, and place of origin. Beyond this individual matter, a language is a powerful symbol of national and ethnic identity.
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In this article Günter Grass’s novel “The Tin Drum” and its 1979 film adaptation directed and cowritten by Volker Schlöndorff are compared. The possibilities of using the film as means of introducing the theme and the characters of the novel in literature classes are discussed. Along with it examples of Grass’s language and style, which are inevitably lost in the film version, are presented. The authors adhere to the opinion that the literary work and its film adaptation are not substitutable and that in literature classes the film can be used only as a more accessible complementary means to introduce the literary work.
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U našoj je kulturi odnos lice/tijelo obilježen fundamentalnom asimetrijom koja želi da lice ostane najčešće golo, dočim je tijelo po pravilu pokriveno. Ova asimetrija odgovara primatu glave koji se izražava na različite načine, ali koji ostaje više ili manje konstantan u svim područjima, od politike (gdje titular moći biva nazvan "poglavar") do religije (metafora glave Krista kod Pavla), od umjetnosti (gdje se može reprezentirati glava bez tijela – to je portret – ali ne – kao što je evidentno u "aktu" – tijelo bez glave) do svakodnevnog života, gdje je lice par excellence mjesto ekspresije.
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