Z salonów do sieci. Dyplomaci w świecie mediów (Rekonesans)

Author(s): Małgorzata Kita / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is a reconnaissance in the area of complex issues of diplomacy language, a preliminary study and identification of issues for more detailed research from the linguistic perspective. The scientific exploration of the diplomatic language seems to be a promising theoretical-methodological and research (analytical) undertaking. It is a specialized code with a large background of tradition, used by a group that is very sensitive to the form of the created text, aware of the performativity of the utterance and the sense of responsibility for the effects and consequences of their linguistic activity. Modern anthropological linguistics – those branches that accept the over-disciplinarity of research into a complex object (this is important, because the description of the language of diplomacy cannot be limited to the linguistic aspect only) – provide research tools capable of reaching the essence of the language of diplomacy.

Судьба высокого стиля в публичном дискурсе: Попытка сопоставительного анализа

Author(s): Zoja Nowożenowa / Language(s): Russian Publication Year: 0

In the article the author examines the stylistic category of “high style” from the perspective of its functioning in public discourse. Theoretical condition of the issue makes it possible to define it as a stylistic connotation of the word and/or as an axiological textual modality. The parameters of public discourse are defined and realization of the “high style” category is described in different sectors of public discourse (diplomatic, religious, journalistic). The author also shows historical determinacy of the category and possibility of its comparative analysis.

Jakoby w dyskursie prasowym

Author(s): Aleksandra Krawuczka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Obsesje Jerzego Lieberta. Poetycka projekcja symbolicznych treści podświadomości a metafizyczny światopogląd poety

Author(s): Anna Szóstak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

SzóstakThe present article is a polemical voice in a dispute on the author of Gusła [Hexes], who is regarded in the literature on the subject as a religious poet with an incontestable and dogmatic attitude to faith. Liebert is depicted as the artist who searches for such a formula of transcendence which would allow him to reconcile indelible contradictions, that is, thirst for faith in a benevolent creator guarding the world, comprehension and explication of evil or pantheistic view of nature conjoining beauty with the horror of biological determinants. The metaphysical elements of Liebert’s poetry express a yearning for the Absolute that was understood as an ideal of divinity of the universe, whose uniqueness is a proof and a sign of its purposefulness and sense.

Demon Jerzego Lieberta

Author(s): Marcin Całbecki / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author of the article provides an analysis of how the experience of evil and negativity are verbalised in Liebert’s writings. The category of the demonic is revealed in the presented texts within the framework of cultural discourse, whereas that which is evil finds itself on the side of the natural and the primeval. As a result, what comes to the fore is the directly forwarded contempt for the biological, sensual life which itself in Liebert’s imagination appears as a source of evil.

Lisy Jerzego Lieberta, czyli jak kluczyć, sznurować i chodzić chyłkiem

Author(s): Beata Mytych-Forajter / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Interpretation of Lisy [Foxes], a late poem by Liebert allows for tracing not only the interwoven with culture and literature vulpine symbolism, but also approaching the comprehension of the dilemmas confronted by a subject who vacillates between contradictions inscribed in him. These contradictions are most discernible in the phonic layer of the poem, where strong imperatives literally clash with/collide with the soothing mantra of the sylabotonic verse system. Fortunately, for the tormented subject the fox is not only an allegory of falsehood, but also an amiable and lively animal that teaches a human how to cope with himself.

Owady w poezji Jerzego Lieberta

Author(s): Magdalena Kokoszka / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Statistically, among not particularly abundant and diverse fauna depicted in Liebert’s poems, insects – including the metaphorically depicted ones – occupy one of the focal positions next to the usually exposed birds. The author of the article pays close attention to the poet’s actions that seem to be hiding (concealing) the existential anxieties: idyllic miniaturization of the world of insects and the “sterile” visions of the decomposition of the human body, referring itself to the costume of nature that both unconceals and conceals the drama (e.g., the human as the cosmic insect). Such endeavors are interpreted as attempts to mollify an insurmountable baroque feeling of being torn between the first (earthly) and the second (heavenly) homeland.

„Wiara przed religijnością” O wierszu Romantyczność Jerzego Lieberta

Author(s): Ewa Bartos / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Romantyczność [The Romantic] by Jerzy Liebert records a way of an encounter with the supernatural. It is a lyrical vision presenting the ambiguity of religious experience. The article “Faith before religion”. On the poem Romantyczność by Jerzy Liebert is an attempt to depict the lyric with particular attention paid to the way of unveiling of transcendence.

Towarzysze modlitwy. Wiersze anielskie Jerzego Lieberta

Author(s): Katarzyna Niesporek-Klanowska / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The subject of the article is interpretation of Jerzy Liebert’s poems with angelic characters. By their appearance in the writings of the author of Gusła [Hexes], they always perform tasks entrusted to them by God, namely, that of an envoy, leader, teacher, harbinger. Mysterious characters from the sphere of sacrum are the answer of the Absolute to poetic prayers told by the subject. They introduce the lyrical “I” into mystical elation, they inflict pain, they constitute a voice of the subconscious and reason. They are characters “presented while acting, performing their mission.” Angels never fully reveal themselves to the poet. The lyrical “I” somehow anticipates their presence, hears the angelic voice and songs, yet it is not allowed to see heavenly beings face to face, to experience full epiphany, visual revelation. However, the ongoing spiritual battle proofs the authenticity of his religious experiences.

Liryki dramatyczne Jerzego Lieberta

Author(s): Joanna Warońska-Gęsiarz / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Jerzy Liebert is known predominantly as a poet, yet in his oeuvre we can also find drama pieces. The article provides an analysis of three poems that comprise polyphonic lyrical poetry: Dialog między poetą i panną [Dialogue between a Poet and a Maiden], Kuszenie [Temptation], and Anioł pokoju [Angel of Peace]. The selected pieces consist of dialogues only, which deprives them of the lyrical subject’s commentary and leads to confrontation of the almost diametrically opposed worldviews. The resolution of the agon is dependent on the character’s language ability. The selected poems-dialogues by Liebert depict his struggle with the roles imposed on him – that of a human and of a poet. The artist makes use of the models established in Romanticism and Young Poland (an important context of Wyspiański’s Wesele [The Wedding]), ponders upon poetic word, searches for ultimate truths, yet at the same time, he needs the recognition of his readers. Dramatic lyrical poems reveal liminal moments, where the decision of accepting a role is made. They become a written record of the illumination, epiphany and some training preparing him to face particular challenges, when both good and evil are “given as the sense” in his encounters with that which is unknown.

Pytania stawiane sobie? Do poety Jerzego Lieberta – próba lektury

Author(s): Jan Piotrowiak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In its pastiche character of a poetic colloquim with the author of Srebrne i czarne [Silver and Black], a poem by Jerzy Liebert Do poety [To the Poet] introduces two counter- effects: his own self-portrait and a portrait of Lechoń. This gesture of the portraitist discloses something irritatingly dispatching and, at the same time, disturbingly concealing. Not only does Liebert raise doubts (“what if…”), basically framing his artistic self-consciousness, but also liberates himself from the cumbersome protection of Skamander. This temerity of looking into poetic looking-glasses, one’s own and those of others, allows him to rich full independence of artistic means, which will reveal itself in the later artistic period.

Gorycz wina. O wierszu Colas Breugnon Jerzego Lieberta

Author(s): Iwona Gralewicz-Wolny / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

In an interpretative essay devoted to a poem by Jerzy Liebert Colas Breugnon, the author of the article searches for the signs of affirmation, which – as it seems – should permeate into the poem by means of intertextual dialogue. Such a dialogue is held with a famous novel by Romain Rolland, considered as a manifesto of life optimism. The relation that seems to have conjoined these two texts is less obvious than one could think. A figure of Colas Breugnon served Liebert not only to demonstrate the eulogy of life in all its positive aspects but also to point to the hardships in one’s faith in God that required from man the acceptance of also those experiences that are beyond the delights of life.

O rzeczach. Interpretacyjne „obroty” wokół wiersza Jerzego Lieberta

Author(s): Aleksander Nawarecki / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The purpose of the article is to emphasise historical, literary and philosophical range of a poem O rzeczach [On Things] by Jerzy Liebert. Written in 1928, the text displays ontological otherness of the eponymous “things.” Moreover, it views them as subjects and takes over their point of view, and also makes an attempt to give voice to them. This train of reasoning, and at the same time an experiment of “subjectification of an object” transcends the horizon of the Skamander poetics of everydayness (Tuwim, Iwaszkiewicz, Pawlikowska-Jasnorzewska) and anticipates a “reistic” reflection of Heidegger or Derrida, as well as it goes beyond the implorative “turn to things.” The uniqueness of Liebert’s poem has been presented in a native context of his writings in which everyday things have special importance, especially implements that accompany man in his sickness and death. A precursory character of Liebert’s oeuvre is evidenced by its reception – references to the poem On Things have been found in Mieczysław Braun’s Sonnet VIII (1937), in Krzysztof Kamil Baczyński’s Sprzęty [Devices] (1941), in Stanisław Swen Czachorowski’s Klęczniki oriońskie [The Orione Prie-Dieux] that appeared after World War II, and especially in Miron Białoszewski’s Obroty rzeczy [The Revolutions of Things] (1956) which derived its title from a quotation from Liebert.

Wiersze ostatnie. Gorzkie wióry Jerzego Lieberta

Author(s): Ryszard Knapek / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article begins with an optimistic thesis which stands that the Jerzy Liebert’s poetry is a proper material for a coherent literary history narration. It changes over the time, it has evident periods and it’s turning points are likely to recognise and describe. The only issue that stays underspecified is the end. In addition to the series of poems which concern on a tuberculosis and aproaching death of the poet, there are three more texts which can be read as „the last poems”. These are: Lisy [Foxes], Veni Sancte Spiritus and Gorzkie wióry [Bitter woodchips]. These texts are put under an interpretation in the article. The interpretation frequently turns back to earlier Liebert’s poems, and so it draws an overview of the whole Liebert’s work. Lisy evoke the most important oppositions, which constitute earlier Liebert’s poems. Instead of remaining on the level of a simple dualism, it turns to the unsettled and hurtful synthesis of the corporeal and the spiritual. Veni Sancte Spiritus is a different ending, or rather “the capstone” of the Liebert’s work, concerned on its religious and experiencable aspects. It returns to metaphysical attempts, which were undertaken in poems written between 1925 and 1927. Starting from that, author reconstructs a project of a poetry which make “a sphere of between” for a man meeting with the God or another man. The closing of Liebert’s work presented in Gorzkie wióry has a distinctive role in the interpretation. The poem tells a story of a disappointment, which come from a fail of the poetical project. In the finishing point of his work, Liebert understands that any attempts of projecting poetry or relationship (with God or another man) are sentenced for a failure. It doesn’t mean negation of the whole work, only the idea of project. Meanwhile more important become that, what happens regardless of the will or the purpose of the attends. To explain that, author of the article ask about the role of “the waste” – the woodchips – and a category of an experience in Liebert’s work.

„Skądże słowo tak biegnie do dźwięku…” Jerzego Lieberta refleksja metapoetycka

Author(s): Katarzyna Janus / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article attempts to interpret such pieces of poetry by Jerzy Liebert which contain metapoetic reflection. Those are religious pieces rooted both in the antique tradition transplanted onto the Christian ground by medieval thinkers and in historical and literary message. The contextuality of the poems is due to the poet’s erudition which is the aftermath of mature and consistent spiritual and intellectual formation, whose main foundation is Christ’s teachings included in the Gospel. This can be evidences by both Liebert’s art and correspondence.Apart from the poems explicated in the article, there are also fragments of correspondence with Agnieszka (Bronisława Wajngold), who shared the poet’s artistic dilemmas and was his first reader. The quoted letters constitute a germane to the presented contemplations record of the poet’s reflections on the theme of his calling to writing poetry. The explications focus on the fact that the way Liebert refers to his emotions towards his writing – a sense of a mission, an issue of his talent, and eventually a comparison of the tension connected with his anticipation of artistic disposition to illness – all derive from his enduing fascination with Tadeusz Zieleński’s lectures. The belief in the necessity of God’s blessing in creative act, the identification of the gift of word with the disposition coming from the Holy Ghost are close to Catholic mysticism.

Liche drewienko Lieberta*

Author(s): Bartosz Małczyński / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article makes an attempt to interpret a poem by Jerzy Liebert Na fujarce [Piping] in a broader perspective, which is delineated by such terms as the presence of musical elements in lyrical poetry by Liebert, the poet’s attitude towards music and folklore, the programme appreciation of the category of simplicity in literary writing, paradoxes of dispensability and indispensability, purposelessness and purposefulness connected with writing poetry, music and musicality in the face of the ultimate matters of the human being and humanity.

Co ukrywa jarzębina, czyli o wierszu Przed domem jarzębina

Author(s): Janusz Pasterski / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The article is an attempt to analyse and interpret a poem by Jerzy Liebert Przed domem jarzębina [A Rowan Tree in Front of the House], written in the late period of Liebert’s life. The author discusses artistic modes of the poem (musicality, visuality and autothematism) and emphasizes a change in the poet’s attitude towards nature while preserving self-discipline. The core of this change seems to be his awareness of the impending death and a sense of impermanence of individual human beings. The cultural and natural phenomenon of Hucul country also becomes the background in this line of thought.

Achmatowa i Liebert. Wokół wiersza Высокие своды костела…

Author(s): Marian Kisiel / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The paper examines a poem by Anna Akhmatova Высокие своды костела… as translated by Jerzy Liebert. This translation was not included in any volume released in Liebert’s lifetime. It came out posthumously. The author of the article evokes broad biographical context inscribed in the poem by the Russian poet and also compares Liebert’s rendition of the poem with the one that appeared at the same time by Józef Kramsztyk. The Polish poet’s rendition of the poems seems to be a mere sketch; however, it shows Libert’s fascination with the Russian poetry of the Silver Age – symbolic and going beyond the principles of this trend.

Litanie poetyckie Jerzego Lieberta i Tadeusza Chabrowskiego

Author(s): Elżbieta Hurnik / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author of this article provides a comparative analysis of the two poets of the 20th century, that is, Jerzy Liebert and Tadeusz Chabrowski, whose oeuvre is regarded as belonging to religious lyrical poetry. Bearing in mind the differences between the two poets, for example, the time these two poems were written, the author of this article has discovered some traces of their spiritual community. Both for the poet of the beginning of the 20th century (Liebert) and for the poet of the second half of the 20th century (Chabrowski), faith in God meant an inner struggle and dealing with human limitations and weaknesses, which has been discussed in the context of each of the poet’s biography. An increased focus is on the artistic realization of the litany – a tradition of the genre both poets referred to.

Słonimski, Liebert i Samozwaniec, czyli historia pewnego żartu Przyczynek do biografii Jerzego Lieberta

Author(s): Elzbieta Wróbel / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

The author of this article refers to the poet’s participation in the Second contest of “Wiadomości Literackie” in 1924. The initiator of the contest was Antoni Słonimski and its purpose was to prepare the funniest interpretation of poems by Stanisław Salkowski, who had been regarded by Słonimski as a “king of graphomaniacs.” Słonimski had a regular column in Worst books, where in a humoristic way he fought graphomanic texts. The author of this article makes references to Liebert’s social connections with the poets comprising the Skamander group. Exceptionally friendly relations were between Liebert and the Iwaszkiewiczs, Jarosław and Hanna. An important point of reference in the article was artistic work of the Skamander group (there also appears Magdalena Samozwaniec – the laureate of the contest mocking the most “inept man of letters”).