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ŽIVOTNI PUT JAVERA EFENDIJE BARUCHA U VRIJEME AUSTROUGARSKE UPRAVE

Author(s): Stojanka Lužija / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 21/2022

Based on available archival material and periodicals, the author reconstructs the life story of Javer Effendi Baruch, one of the most respected and wealthy citizens of Sarajevo, during the Austro-Hungarian administration of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The personality of Javer Eff. Baruch has not been thoroughly researched in the historiography so far. It is known that Baruch gained a social reputation during Ottoman rule. After the arrival of Austria-Hungary in Bosnia and Herzegovina, he not only managed to preserve and strengthen his social position but also acquired enviable wealth. This paper aims to present the unusual life path of a Sephardic from Sarajevo. The paper analyzes his life path from a supplier for military needs, a customs tenant, a Sarajevo city councilor, to a convict for insulting majesty. Based on the available historical materials, the existence of changes in the relationship between the then administration and society towards Javer Effendi Baruch after 1887 is examined.

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"Nie ma Ojczyzny , gdzie jest krzywda ludzka". Problematyka żydowska w biografii i twórczości Emila Zegadłowicza

Author(s): Mirosław Wójcik / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2005

Problematyka żydowska obecna była w życiu i twórczości Emila Zegadłowicza na różnych płaszczyznach. Artykuł prof. Mirosława Wójcika jest próbą naszkicowania najistotniejszych wymiarów zainteresowań okazywanych przez pisarza z Gorzenia losowi wadowickich i ogólnie polskich Żydów. Kulminacją tej wyjątkowej relacji jest nieukończony dramat poświęcony problematyce martyrologii Żydów pt. "Sind Sie Jude?".

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Un’arte per gli ebrei, un’arte per il mondo. Le strade di El Lissitzky e Moyshe Broderzon

Author(s): Laura Quercioli Mincer / Language(s): Italian Issue: 13/2022

An Art for the Jews, an Art for the World. The paths of El Lissitzky and Moyshe Broderzon. For a short but fertile period, the paths of the two extraordinary artists El Lissitzky (1890-1941) and Moyshe Broderzon (1890-1956) intersected and gave rise to important artistic projects. Both authors shared the ideal projects of the Bund, and in particular the affirmation of the cultural autonomy of Jews in their countries of residence. Their choices then diverged: Lissitzky became one of the most distinguished coryphaei of Suprematism and Soviet art; Broderzon, on the other hand, remained faithful to the project of creating a new Jewish art directed towards a Jewish audience. Their story is told against the backdrop of Jewish participation in the Central-Eastern European avant-garde.

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„Nechaj vstúpiť do svojho stredu bohatstvo národov“ (cf. Iz 60,11). Dialóg antického Izraela s okolitými kultúrami

Author(s): Jean-Louis Ska / Language(s): Slovak Issue: 1/2023

The purpose of this contribution is to show that Ancient Israel continuously borrowed important religious and cultural elements from its neighbors. Without attempting to be exhaustive, we pinpoint various influences from Canaan, Egypt, Mesopotamia and Greece on Ancient Israel. Canaanite religion, Egyptian Wisdom, Mesopotamian covenant diplomacy, prophetism, legislation and scribal culture, and Greek paideia help us understand better biblical literature which never developed in a ivory tower, but adopted and adapted rather than rejected the best that those cultures had to offer.

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CZESŁAW MIŁOSZ I TŁUMACZENIA

Author(s): Justyna Szczepaniak / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2021

Czesław Miłosz was not only a great writer and one of the most important intellectuals of XX century, but also a good translator. The following article shows the most characteristic area of interest for the poet and the relationship between Miłosz the author and Miłosz the translator. An important concept for this article is also showing the role of the translator in modern translation studies. In the article Miłosz is shown as a translator of Polish, Jewish, Japanese, ethnical literature and finally as a translator of his own poetry. The article tried to answer the questions of what esthetical, biographical, emotional reasons the poet has when he chooses a book to translate.

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„Auflehnung gegen das Schicksal und nicht mehr zu Ändernde“. Das Prosawerk von Leo Perutz im literaturhistorischen Kontext

Author(s): Dana Pfeiferová / Language(s): German Issue: 2/2022

Can Leo Perutz’s novels, either in terms of motifs or structure, be regarded as Prague German literature, even though they were written first in Vienna and later in Tel Aviv? His most successful novels Der Meister des Jüngsten Tages (1923) and St. Petri Schnee (1933) arguably include, similar to Gustav Meyrink’s early works, occult motifs, and apply, as Franz Kafka does in Das Schloss, the structure of an inverted initiation novel. Nachts unter der steinernen Brücke (1953) takes place at the time of Emperor Rudolf II, the favourite Habsburg of the German authors of Prague (see Tycho Brahes Weg zu Gott by Max Brod or Der Engel des westlichen Fensters by Gustav Meyrink). In contrast to the adventure novels of the inter-war period, which may perhaps seem trivial, Perutz’s last book is characterized by its refined composition and a return to cabbalistic mysticism.

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Asimilace jako proces univerzálních dějin

Author(s): Miloš Havelka / Language(s): Czech Issue: 01/2023

Jindřich Kohn’s essays, written in the first third of the last century, represent an interesting attempt to elaborate the project of assimilation as a historical and philosophical concept that went beyond the Czech-Jewish assimilationist ideas of the time: firstly, with its Hegelian phenomenological interpretation of assimilation as an (essentially) eschatological process of history, culminating in the assimilation of the whole of humanity, and secondly, as an original contribution to the Czech history of ideas and to the interpretation of its central figures. Kohn’s philosophy of history intrinsically linked the traditions of Jewish thinking with the mainstream of the Czech philosophy of history of the 19th century, especially with the ideas of T. G. Masaryk. In this context, we can consider J. Kohn as one of the important interpreters of Masaryk’s work. Using Masaryk’s ideas of humanity and democracy, and especially the idea of the religious meaning of (Czech) history, Kohn created an original philosophical-historical concept of universal assimilation of all human race based on respect and reciprocity, consciously opposed not only to the nationalism of the time, but also to the growing Zionist movement. Its important segments were an analysis of the spiritual situation of the present and the ethical nature of Jewish nationalism, which served as a starting point for understanding Czech-Jewish assimilation as a function of the pro-modernist transformation of Jewish identity.

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ŻYDOWSKIE UNIWERSUM I ECHA ZAGŁADY W EPOSIE „PAMIĘCI PAMIĘCI” MARII STIEPANOWEJ WYBRANE ASPEKTY

Author(s): Joanna Tarkowska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 2/2022

The article focuses on an analysis of cultural and literary elements which have shaped Maria Stepanova’s vision of her Jewish ancestors, incorporating motifs of the Holocaust, which—the writer claims—has affected also her own life. Thus she fi nds the category of postmemory crucial to her narrative and to her perception of the world before the Holocaust, as well as of the one that followed Shoah. In her novel, Stepanova refers to various texts of culture, and the article aims at a possibly faithful reconstruction of her ideas by analyzing selected elements present in them which, on the one hand, refl ect her attitude to her family and to the Holocaust and, on the other, point out to her rootedness in Marianne Hirsch’s research and in the accomplishments of various humanistic disciplines. Thus the considerations offer insights into nine selected categories recurring in Stepanova’s novel, i.e., (1) the memoir, (2) the family, (3) the things and the people, (4) the letters, (5) the postmemory and the Holocaust; (6) the cemetery, (7) the fi lm, (8) the museum, and (9) the literature. An analysis of these categories makes it possible to approach Stepanova’s polyphonic narrative most comprehensively and to identify its rootedness in the ideas put forward by Susan Sontag, Marianne Hirsch, Hannah Arendt, Winifried G. Sebald, Rafael Goldchain, Francesca Woodman, and Joseph Cornell, among others.

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ON THE DEBATE BETWEEN THE PAULINES AND THE RABBIS IN LATE ANTIQUITY AROUND THE BODY AND SEXUALITY AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE TO THE PRESENT DAY, THROUGH D. BOYARIN’S POSTMODERN VIEW

Author(s): Zohar Mihaely / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2022

The goal of the present paper is to formulate a concise framework for part of Daniel Boyarin’s work which he is most known for, namely his analysis of sexuality in late antiquity Judaism and the critique of contemporary culture he eventually derived from it, above all his objections to the idea of the Jewish nation-state. Within the brief scope here I intend to provide the reader with a simple roadmap for orienting oneself in Boyarin’s relevant literature. Boyarin, a Jewish-American scholar, traces rabbinic, Jewish-Hellenic, and Pauline texts that he believes were part of one arc of Jewish culture in Palestine of late antiquity, and reveals the discourse that was at the center of this one Jewish culture, namely that the famous debate between Judaism and Christianity was essentially over the interpretation of the physical body and sexuality in the Bible, a debate during which critical cultural decisions were made that still have an impact on Western society today in the realms of gender and identity. Through his original “cultural reading” that employs critical current postmodern methods, Boyarin demonstrates that both have complex ethical and political issues, such as rigid hierarchies, colonialism, and racism, but they also have a lot of promise, namely that by examining them side by side, the possibility of finding a more just alternative for our present and future is increased, through mutual correction of each other.

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I rozpięła na szpilce jak motyla… Żydówki-rewolucjonistki w polskiej prozie antysemickiej w pierwszej połowie XX wieku

Author(s): Małgorzata Domagalska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 51/2023

After the revolution of 1905, revolutionary Jewish women began to appear among the heroines typical of the antisemitic novels of the nineteenth century. This type of female protagonist can be found in the novels written by Józef Weyssenhoff (Hetmani [The Hetmans]), Rev. Jan Gnatowski (Zły czar [Bad Spell]), and then in the 1930s in the novels by Roman Dmowski (Dziedzictwo [The Heritage]) and Jędrzej Giertych (Zamach [The Coup]). In these narratives, Poland is presented as a victim of manipulation by Jews, Germans, and in the case of the Bad Spell by Jewish Bolsheviks. In these stories, female Jewish revolutionaries implement their secret policies using their strong erotic influence to seduce Polish activists. Demonism and evil, as well as the misogynistic attitude of the fin de siècle era were employed to create their portraits. In these female protagonists, one can detect echoes of features associated with such Jewish heroines as Salome, Judith, and Herodias whose portraits were typical of the art and literature of the epoch.

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Generative Artificial Intelligence and Workplace Tracking Systems, Synthetic Training data, and Lessons in Constructive and Destructive Arguing: Learning from the Disputes of the Hillel and Shammai Academies

Author(s): Hershey H. Friedman,Joshua Krausz / Language(s): English Issue: 22/2023

Knowing how to dispute constructively is vital in many areas of life, the law, society, economics, and business. We study the evolution of disputes by examining the Academies of Hillel and Shammai, two early Jewish schools of thought dominant in the latter half of the first century BCE. The disagreements and disputations between the two academies became quite intense and may even have resulted in physical clashes to control voting on the law; the Shammaites thus threatened and restricted the voting of the Hillelites. It took a heavenly voice to declare that the law agrees with the School of Hillel. Interestingly, the voice also explained why the law follows the Hillel viewpoint: arguments are all well and good, but one must respect one’s opponent. Their interactions over time have created a blueprint for constructive argumentation, even in our times.

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Mit o Jerozolimie. Powieść Jelizawiety Michailiczenko i Jurija Nesisa I/e_rus.olim

Author(s): Mirosława Michalska-Suchanek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 1/2023

The article is an attempt to analyze a novel titled I/e_rus.olim (2003), written by two representatives of Russian-language literature in Israel – Yelizaveta Mikhailichenko and Yuri Nesis. Their prose reflects the complex process of the cultural transformation of repatriates from Russia and Soviet republics and the birth of national self-awareness in them. The key is the characters’ attempts to reach their own roots mainly by decoding the cultural-semiotic dimension of the reality around them. The writing couple creates their own myth of Jerusalem, which compiles elements of the main “founding myths” on which Jewish identity is built, but does not directly adapt them, only provocatively increasing their complexity. Mikhailichenko and Nesis readily use the procedure of multiplication, which is a kind of modified figure of mise en abyme.

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Yom Tov Lipman Mülhausen and his Rationalistic Way of Thinking

Author(s): Vladimir Sadek / Language(s): English Issue: 2/1988

Yom Tov Lipman Mülhausen (14th—15th cent.) spent part of his life in the Prague ghetto. The author analyses his religious rationalism and his method of word-for-word explanation of biblical texts (“peshat“), which Lipman set up against allegorical Christian exegesis. The analysis is based on his apologetic book “Sefer nitsahon“. Attention is also paid to Lipman’s polemics with contemporary radicals interpreting the Bible.

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Notes Bibliographiques

Author(s): Vlastimila Hamáčková,Jiřina Šedinová,Vladimir Sadek,Daniel Mayer / Language(s): English,French,German Issue: 2/1985

Review of: The Last Book by Dr. Alexander Scheibe ( “Jewish Inscriptions in Hungary (From the 3rd Century to 1686)“) Heinrich und Mafia Simon: Geschichte der jüdischen Philosophie, Berlin, 1984 (Union Verlag VOB Berlin), 233 S. Das ehemalige jüdische Rathaus in Kroměříž Monika Krajewska: Zeit der Steine, Warschau 1982; préface + 165 photographies

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Social Aspects in the Work of Prague Rabbi Löw (Maharal, 1512—1609)

Author(s): Vladimir Sadek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/1983

The paper analyses some ideas to be found in the works of Rabbi Löw (Maharal), above all his ethical views and conception of Man. The way in which Rabbi Low’s ideas have been viewed since the Enlightenment period are studied first. Then his religious and philosophical works are characterized, the conception of Man is explained and finally some ethical principles, mainly those contained in the book “Netivot colam“, are discussed. Special attention is paid to Maharal’s conception of human society and its development.

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Peter Beer (1758-1838) - penseur éclaire de la Vieille ville juive de Prag

Author(s): Vladimir Sadek,Jiřina Šedinová / Language(s): French Issue: 1/1977

The paper is devoted to the Prague Jewish scholar of the Enlightenment period, Peter Beer (1758-1838), who was one of the representatives of the radical wing of the Prague Haskalah. The introductory part of the paper quoting his autobiography surveys Beer’s life and work. Attention is also paid to his relation to Moshe ben Maimon’s works and his interpretation of Maimonides’ philosophy, then there is a passage dealing with Beer’s conception of “pure Mosaism“ and his interpretation of Judaism from the position of Enlightenment, and finally there is a survey of sources drawn on by Peter Beer.

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Communications

Author(s): Vladimir Sadek,Bedřich Nosek,Jiřina Šedinová,Daniel Mayer / Language(s): English Issue: 2/1981

1. Fourth European Congress on Hebrew Language and Culture 2. The Manchester Exhibition from the Collections of the State Jewish Museum 3. Restorations of the Old Jewish Cemetery in Prague in 1980 4. 350th Anniversary of Johannes Kepler’s Death 5. The Facsimile of the Most Beautiful Pages of Maimonides’s “Mishne Torah“ in a Hungarian Edition

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A Survey of Dr Tobias Jakobovits’ Scientific Work (1887-1944)

Author(s): Vladimir Sadek / Language(s): English Issue: 1/1982

The article surveys the scientific work of dr. Tobias Jakobovits, before World War II chief librarian of the Prague Jewish Religious Community and one of the representatives of pre-war Jewish studies in Prague. During the Holocaust period dr. T. Jakobovits worked in the war-time Central Jewish Museum in Prague and perished in Auschwitz in autumn, 1944.

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Kapsēta pilsētā: kultūrsemiotisks ieskats Rēzeknes ebreju kapu dekoratīvajā grafikā

Author(s): Olga Senkāne / Language(s): Latvian Issue: 54/2024

The study aims to employ visual semiotics to analyse the ritual graphic signs – both sacred and secular – present in the Rēzekne Jewish cemetery, treating it as an integral part of the city and examining its “signifier” and “signified”. The Star of David, serving as the primary symbol within the ritual graphics, is observed to gradually lose its status as a purely sacred symbol and, on certain tombstones, confirms the structure of a symptom, conveying a reminiscence or simple message. The paper seeks to elucidate not only the cultural and social factors contributing to these changes but also to the mechanisms underlying the mutual transitions between symbols and symptoms, along with the differences in the coding of these types of signs. Ritual graphics is an important indicator of the regularity of cultural processes within ethnically diverse environments. A survey of Jewish cemeteries in the Latgale region highlights clear distinctions in the choice of visual graphics between urban and rural settings. Furthermore, alongside verbal accounts of the deceased, ritual graphics, on the one hand, complement these narratives as integral components, while, on the other hand, maintain an independent existence. This is because, for observers, the primary and sometimes sole point of contact (particularly for those unfamiliar with Hebrew and Yiddish) is the visual or non-verbal sign. The study emphasises the divergence between the sacred symbolism of the hexagram and the secular interpretation of the yellow star or “badge”, exploring the causal relationships underlying their usage and perception from the point of view of visual semiotics and cultural philosophy, specifically examining phenomena of symbolization and desymbolization.

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Wrocław Jewish studies after the World War II

Author(s): Marcin Wodziński,Wojciech Tworek / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2023

The article traces the development of academic Jewish studies in Wrocław from their modest beginnings after the Holocaust, through a renaissance of academic interests in the 1980s, and culminating in the creation of the Department of Jewish Studies at the University of Wrocław. As we demonstrate, the main areas of scholarly interest among the faculty members of the Department are the history of Hasidism, modern Yiddish culture, and the socio-political history of Polish Jews in the 20th century, which, as we argue, closely correspond with major methodological and cultural developments in global humanities.

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