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Review of: Journal of Historical Pragmatics (eds. Andreas H. Jucker, Irma Taavitsainen). Volume 1, Number 1, 2000. John Benjamins Publishing Company, Amsterdam/Philadelphia.
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Review of: H. H. Hоck, B r. D. Joseph. Language History, Language Change, and Language Relationship: An Introduction to Historical and Comparative Linguistics. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin - New York, 1996. 602 p.
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Review of: Historiographia Linguistica 1973-1998: Indexes to volumes I-XXV, compiled with the assistance of Bettina Spreng by E.F.K. Koerner (University of Ottaw a). John Benjam ins Publishing Company, Amsterdam /Philadelphia. 230 p.
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Review of: History of the Language Sciences: An international handbook on the evolution of the study of language from the beginnings to the present / Geschichte der Sprachwissenschaften [...] / Histoire des sciences du langage [...] (eds. S. Auroux, K. Koerner, H.-J. Niederehe, K. Versteegh). Vol. II Walter de Gruyter, Berlin - New York, 2001. p. 1095-2005.
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Oddawam się w respekt łaski WXMci Dobrodzieja… [I surrender myself to the respect of the Most Graceful Sir Benefactor’s grace]. On one of the acts of language politeness in the 18th-century Polish epistolography In the paper, a selected act of language politeness observed in the 18th-century Polish epistolography is described. The essence of this act was that the sender surrendered himself to the grace or some other characteristic of the addressee, such as protection, friendship, love, respect, or memory. To express this intention, a conventionalised formulae was used, such as oddawam się w respekt łaski, sam się zwykłej […] rekomenduję łasce, oddaję mnie […] statecznej przyjaźni, afektom się […] polecając. (I surrender myself to the respect of your grace, recommend myself to the common […] grace, I surrender myself […] to the stable friendship, recommend myself to affection […]). This formula was used when closing a letter, among many other petrified and markedly final structures, such as e.g. the formula of respect, the formula of service offers, or the actual closing of the text, the subscription formula. The linguistic shape of the formula of surrendering oneself to the other’s grace (protection, friendship, love, respect, memory) was characterised by the lexical and grammatical variability of all elements of its structure, where the number and type of the components were conditioned by pragmatic considerations (degree of expressed politeness) and social factors (status of the addressee).
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The Polish language in the French letters of Queen Marysieńka – function and genre analysis The article presents a function and genre analysis of the use of Polish words (transcoded markers) in the French letters of Queen Marysieńka Sobieska to her husbands: Jan Sobiepan Zamoyski and King Jan III Sobieski. The functional characterization distinguishes an emotive function (based on the strategy of including emotionally and stylistically charged elements in L2 = the second language), e.g. świnia (pig), a referential function (based on the strategy of including names of realities belonging to the space of L2), e.g. pospolite ruszenie (mass levy), and a deictic function (based on the inclusion of proper names functioning primarily in L2), e.g. Jaworów. In reference to the genre analysis, the role of personal and factual factors, which imply the use of L2 in the letters of bilingual people, is observed, as well as the place of elements from L2 in the structure of letters. It is concluded that the presence of elements in L2 does not affect the cohesion of the letters, but broadens their potential and proves the author’s full competence in both languages.
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Expressive qualifiers and the identification of emotionally marked vocabulary in the lexicographic sources The article compiles and compares the signaling or qualifying expressive vocabulary methods in 13 early and contemporary lexicographic sources. The author refers to the findings of researchers to date, including on the history and scope of use of qualifiers, in particular expressive qualifiers (e.g. piesz., lekcew., pog., wulg., żart.), and other ways of signaling by lexicographers of expressive marking of words, e.g. in the form of terms used in the definition (e.g. „expressively about...”, „with pity about...”, „offensive word”). Based on the collected material, she formulates conclusions about the possibilities and difficulties in the excerption of expressively characterized vocabulary from the lexicographic sources in a diachronic approach. It justifies that in studies of expressive lexis, it is necessary to observe colloquialisms as well as diminutive and bold words. He also draws attention to the possibility of using electronic dictionaries in quantitative and qualitative research on expressively characterized words.
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Review of: Jakub Bobrowski, „Staropolszczyzna” filmowa. Osobliwości językowe jako wyznaczniki stylizacji historycznej w dziełach audiowizualnych, Kraków: Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN, 2020, ss. 263.
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The present article attempts a brief contrastive analysis of Romanian and English regarding the synthetic or analytic character of the respective languages in various lexical, grammatical fields. After judging numerous instances of contrastive analysis, the author concludes that the degree of syntheticism of Romanian is much higher than that of English, which renders Romanian grammar more difficult to study than the English grammar, although the latter is far richer in compartments (for instance, it has sixteen verbal tenses, whereas Romanian grammar has much fewer). Teaching grammar with the aid of a contrastive analysis is a practical instrument for translation from and into English, and accelerates English language acquisition by the Romanian students.
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The main research objective of this article is to reconstruct reflections on Polish language issues in Jerzy Pilch’s columns (1952–2020). Among other things, the author poses questions concerning the evaluation of the state of contemporary Polish contained in these texts and the existing – according to Pilch – relations between language and the social context. The textological analysis and interpretation of the selected columns is made with the help of some concepts of the eminent humanist Mikhail Bakhtin (1895–1975), such as polyphonicity, dialogue, speech genre… The analysis demonstrates the importance of the theme of language in Jerzy Pilch’s column writing. His reflections range from the general contemporary Polish language to individual words, their history, semantics and connotations. The meta-linguistic motifs of the columns concern not only private speech, everyday conversations, but also dialogue in the public, political sphere. Pilch’s assessment of contemporary Polish is generally negative. Descriptions of linguistic usus dominated by Internet slang and unnecessary English neologisms prevail. However, language, Pilch believes, is a ‘self-cleaning’ mechanism.
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The aim of the article is to examine how the originally historical phenomena of language islands can be studied from a contemporary perspective. The previous language island definitions are reformulated in relation to modern circumstances (globalisation processes, mobility, media development). In the case of the former German language islands in Schönwald (Upper Silesia) and Wilamowitz (Eastern Silesia) current recordings of the language material are available, while the Rusyn language islands in Lower Silesia are an example of a modern form of island languages. The most important conclusion of the performed analysis with regard to the methodology of modern language island research is the need to include observations of the linguistic landscape in contemporary research of language island phenomena.
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Lexis is the most flexible and mobile domain of Linguistics. Through lexis, the researchers understand the wholeness of the words that are specific to a writer, a region or of a certain epoch. Taking into consideration some acceptances, some researchers express the fact that the Romanian vocabulary represents the words that are specific to a certain domain that corresponds to the functional styles such as: journalistic, epistolary, literary, technical-scientific and official-administrative.
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Under the denomination of doublets, from the linguistic point of view, we understood any pair of linguistic elements that come from the same etymon, but have a different semantic and phonetic evolution. From the theoretical point of view, an etymological doublet is formed, on the one hand, by a popular or patrimonial word and, on the other hand, by a cultural loan also called cultism. Our main purpose is to analyze the most important semantic changes that double pairs present –we identify a number of ten Spanish doublets-, starting from 1780 to 2001. In the Spanish language there are few studies dedicated to this topic, so our investigation is based from a diachronic point of view.
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In this article we have proposed to present results of the research of the layer of autochthonous words from the Romanian language, namely the letter C (căciulă – ciucă). It is about research from the perspective of the linguistic geography of the substrate words căciulă, călbează/gălbează, căpuşă, cătun, ceafă, cioară, cioc, ciucă in the Romanian language spoken east of the Prut, according to the data provided by linguistic atlases (ALM, ALRR. Bas., ADCC/ОКДА), dialect texts, the dialectological archive/Dialectal dictionary, etc., elaborated by researchers from Chisinau. The identification of native words from the Romanian-speaking area in the east of the Prut with those from the vocabulary of the Daco-Romanian dialects on the right of the Prut, but also with those from the southern dialects – Aromanian, Megleno-Romanian, IstroRomanian – allow us to note some similarities regarding their character as preservers of old elements in the lexical field.
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Review of: Vasile Bahnaru. Pagini de lingvistică basarabeană. București: Editura Academiei Române; Brăila: Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei „Carol I”, 2022. 328 p.
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The inventary of homonyms in the usual dictionaries of Romanian language was a problem from the beginning. Being a linguistic phenomenon, homonyms was studied in semantical domain and in the studies of general linguistics. Homonymy must be based on certain principles, to take into consideration the words history and etymology, grammar and semantics. Most of the dictionaries, for having a safe meaning they use only verified homonyms, from etymological point of view. So, being a problematic category, lexico-grammatical homonyms weren't always included in the dictionaries. In this analyze, my goal will be to identify and analyze lexico-grammatical homonyms: cască, cer, moare, poartă, vin.
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in memoriam to PROF. YIN CHANLIANG (1935–2022)
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