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The article shows the weakness of mainstream Polish political science. Its main weakness,according to the author, is omitting the industrial and corporate power conflict among the factorsdetermining the contemporary politics. As a result, the relations between political science andpolitical economy have become weak. Its place as a source of inspiration for political scientists hasbeen taken by social philosophy. It seeks the various non-economic sources of politics. Thepostulated critical political science puts in the spotlight the main processes of the global capitalisteconomy located in a phase of stagnation and closing in on the natural limits of its duration. Inparticular, closer attention should be focused on tracking a new, already the fifth configuration ofthe market society. It will be the several partial processes weave; the recovery process of autonomyby the state to corporations and the financial sector (deglobalisation); the process of recoveringcontrol of the state by the old and new social movements (democracy participatory), and the processof transformation of the energy economy, coupled with the process of changing lifestyles: fromconsumerism to paideia as a human community responsive to
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Žene u Bosni i Hercegovini se još uvijek suočavaju sa diskriminacijom i sa nejednakim mogućnostima pri pristupanju i ostvarivanju svojih prava u odnosu na muškarce. Formalno zakonodavstvo i javne politike koje se odnose na zaštitu prava žena u Bosni i Hercegovini znatno su se poboljšale tokom proteklih godina. Kreiran je Zakon o ravnopravnosti polova (2003. i 2009. godina sa usklađenom verzijom iz 2010. godine), te novi Gender akcioni plan (2013. - 2017.) na državnom nivou (usvojen u septembru 2013. godine); rodna kvota od 40% uvedena je u Izborni zakon BiH (april 2013.), a kreirane su i nove odredbe na entitetskim nivoima i javnim politikama za prevenciju i borbu protiv nasilja u porodici. Uz sve ovo, Bosna i Hercegovina je potpisala i ratificirala sve važnije međunarodne dokumente iz oblasti ljudskih prava žena, uključujući i Konvenciju Vijeća Evrope o prevenciji i borbi protiv nasilja nad ženama i nasilja u porodici (Istambulska konvencija) 2013. godine. Međutim, istinske promjene u praksi su veoma spore; žene ostaju bez mogućnosti uživanja ljudskih prava kako u privatnoj tako i u javnoj sferi, a dijalog i partnerstvo između vlade i nevladinih organizacija za unapređivanje i zaštitu ljudskih prava i dalje su daleko od zadovoljavajućeg. Prisutan je ozbiljan problem nejednakosti utemeljenih na rodu i diskriminacije žena pri pristupu tržištu rada koje se obično dešava u kombinaciji sa strukturalnim stereotipiziranjem i problemom neplaćenog rada koji neproporcionalno pogađaju žene. Trenutne strategije za zapošljavanje ne pristupaju ozbiljno pitanju učešća žena na tržištu rada tako da se ne dešava poboljšanje koje bi trebalo doprinijeti smanjenju siromaštva. Svi ovi faktori odražavaju se na veoma nizak broj zaposlenih žena u 2013. godini: samo oko jedne trećine (37,3%) zaposlenih su žene, što znači da se u 2013. nije desio značajan napredak u odnosu na prethodne godine. Također, činjenica da postoji dva puta više nezaposlenih žena sa univerzitetskom diplomom nego nezaposlenih muškaraca je alarmirajuća. Imajući u vidu činjenicu da su porodiljski dodaci regulirani drugačije u različitim dijelovima BiH, te da postoje mjesta gdje žene nemaju pristup porodiljskim dodacima ili dobivaju otkaze nakon što ostanu trudne, može se zaključiti da je situacija po pitanju prava roditelja također stagnirala tokom 2013. godine. U javnoj i političkoj sferi žene i dalje nisu dovoljno zastupljene; situacija je gora za žene koje pripadaju nekoj od grupa koje se suočavaju sa duplom diskriminacijom i koje su pod većim rizikom od socijalne isključenosti. Značajan problem se očituje u lošoj uvezanosti i nedostatku sistematizacije kvalitativnih i kvantitativnih informacija o ovim grupama žena (tj. nisu dostupni podaci o ženama sa posebnim potrebama). Također, alarmirajuće je to što tokom 2013. godine potrebe žena nisu specifič- no izražene pri reviziji mnogih postojećih akcionih planova za čije sprovođenje još uvijek ne postoji dovoljno novca (tj. Revidirani Akcioni plan Bosne i Hercegovine o obrazovnim potrebama Roma iz 2010. godine). Tokom 2013. godne u Izborni zakon Bosne i Hercegovine uvedena je rodna kvota od 40% učešća spola koji je manje prisutan u vladajućim strukturama, što označava povećanje u odnosu na prethodnih 33%. Imajući u vidu činjenicu da su trenutno žene nedovoljno zastupljene na svim političkim poljima, istinski napredak će biti moguće vidjeti samo ukoliko se navedeni zakon bude pravilno primjenjivao tokom izbora u 2014. godini. Inicijative koje su se desile tokom 2013. godine su: uspostavljen je Klub parlamentarki Predstavničkog doma Federacije (mart 2013.), nekoliko NVO-a kreirali su Žensku platformu za ustavne promjene i rodne perspektive, a potpisan je i prvi Memorandum o razumijevanju za nadgledanje sprovođenja Akcionog plana UN rezolucije 1325 (oktobar 2013.). Rezultati ovih inicijativa će biti praćeni tokom narednih nekoliko godina. Nasilje nad ženama i djevojčicama je i dalje ozbiljno pitanje u BiH. Za nadati se da će novi podaci iz oblasti nasilja u porodici, koji su dostupni od početka 2013. godine pružiti dobru osnovu za buduće mjere prevencije i intervencije nad žrtvama. Nalazi pokazuju da je gotovo polovina žena u BiH starijih od 15 godina najmanje jednom u životu bila žrtva neke vrste nasilja, te da su žene izložene izrazito visokom riziku od nasilja: prvo u njihovom neposrednom intimnom okruženju i odnosu sa partnerom i porodicom, a onda i u široj zajednici. Još jedan dugotrajan i ozbiljan problem u BiH jeste ratno seksualno nasilje nad ženama koje je prije 20 godina pretrpilo desetine hiljada žena. Ovim ženama je još uvijek potrebna pomoć, pogotovo u traženju pravde i reparaciji za proživljene traume. U okviru posjete Specijalne predstavnice za seksualno nasilje i konflikt Generalnog sekretara UN-a u 2013. godini, potvrđeno je da je BiH napravila skandalozno malo napretka pri radu na ovim slučajevima, te da je potrebno da se razvije sveobuhvatni pristup za unaprjeđivanjem statusa i pozicije svih žena žrtava rata, uključujući borbu protiv stigme vezane za seksualno nasilje, te proširenje odredbi za kompenzaciju, podršku i mjere rehabilitacije, beneficije, kao i osiguranje jednakog pristupa takvim uslugama za sve žene žrtve bez obzira na njihovo mjesto stanovanja. Kada govorimo o trgovini ljudima u toku je pitanje efikasne procedure identifikacije žrtava, naročito Romkinja i interno raseljenih žena koje su sve više pogođene ovim problemom. Nije se poboljšala ni saradnja između državnih institucija i nevladinih organizacija koje su angažovane na sprječavanju trgovine ljudima. U ovom tematskom radu o ljudskim pravima pokušava se staviti naglasak na status prava žena u Bosni i Hercegovini tokom 2013. godine, kako bi se istakao dosadašnji napredak, te kako bi se naglasila marginalizacija i sistematska diskriminacija koju žene konstantno doživljavaju. Ovaj rad sadrži informacije zasnovane na analizi sadržaja najrelevantnijih i skorih dokumenata koje su objavile vladine institucije, nevladine i međunarodne organizacije, nedavne podatke lokalnih i državnih istraživanja o ženskim pitanjima, te zapažanja sa terena.
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The paper outlines basic elements of the sociological analysis of economic inequalities. The baseline argument of the paper is that economic inequalities are a sociological concept which carries different content in comparison with economic differentiation and heterogeneity of incomes, which in turn are most often perceived as direct proxies of economic inequalities. The theoretical analysis of the concepts of economic differentiation and economic inequality made is focused on their specific interpretation schemes and measurement strategies and methods. The main problematic areas of classic measures of economic differentiation and are outlined including an analysis of most common research findings. The focus on the sociological analysis of economic inequalities (interpreted as status distances between economic roles and resources associated with these roles) includes the principle aspects of this analysis and a comprehensive research program (including concepts and indicators). Some methodological conclusions regarding the interpretations of economic inequalities are made, based on three ISSP surveys (1992, 1999, and 2009). Also based on empirical data some of elements of the outlined research program with regards to Bulgaria are explored: economic differentiation (Gini and extraction ratio), status identification its relationship to subjective social class, etc.
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In the light of the official statements made by the capitals of its coastal states, there is probably not a single centimetre of free space left in this sea, to which a claim has not been issued. In some parts of the sea, the claims of three, four of even five states overlap, creating a truly Gordian knot. The significance of the South China Sea causes that if the dispute over the archipelagos is not settled by implementing peaceful methods and means, at the negotiation table, East Asia region is likely to become a potential source of destabilisation and conflict whose size, in respect to the location and the number of parties directly or indirectly engaged in the dispute might turn out to be extremely hazardous.
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Eastern European immigrants coming to the UK since 2004 (in 2/3 from Poland) by their amount of work have concurred to serious growth of the GDP. But simultaneously they have been burden for British welfare system (among others by taking benefits for family members living outside the UK) and taking job even for minimum salary what have caused growth of native British unemployment. In this situation Conservative-Liberal Government leading by David Cameron have decided to limit an access to the UK labour market by language knowledge tests and tightening social benefits policy to job seekers. With informal support of main opposition parties (i.e. the Labour Party and the UKIP) D. Cameron have taken risky game showing he has been able to fight for his nation’s interests even in spite of huge protests of Polish and other Eastern European countries politicians and against the European Parliament resolution of 16 January 2014. But when turning out into a defender of Britons’ rights he also has showed that there have been deep divisions between “old” and “new” Europe still after 10 years of the EU’s biggest enlargement in 2004.
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The study investigates the ghettoization of regions and countries in the time of globalization. It is a process similar to the one that took place in 16 century in Europe when ghettos were found. The outcomes of that process are some specifics in marketing that companies are implementing on those markets. Different cases were studied. Main point is Bulgaria and its situation as the poorest country in EU.
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The author discusses the results from a fieldwork study of the knowledge and views of Istanbul among tourists from Bulgaria. The study is based on interviews with people between the ages of 21 and 50, university graduates or students, representatives of the so-called mass-tourists. Several factors that have determined the formation of the perceptions of the Turkish megalopolis are pointed out – historical and ideological influences, media, the Internet, advertisement, soap operas, accounts by friends and relatives, personal experience. Despite the individual variations, there are many similarities in these perceptions, determined by the shared tourist experience from the standardized organized trips, as well as by the shared stereotypes about Turkey and the Turks, shaped by national myths, historiographies and dominant ideologies and circulating in everyday life. It has been found out that immediate experience takes prevalence over the stereotypical notions, often leading to their fading-away or rejection by individuals. What immediately stands out in Bulgarian tourists’ opinions of Istanbul is the relation with the present-day, the modern and dynamic nature of the megacity, the culture contrasts and the amalgamation between the familiar and the unfamiliar.
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The difficulties in the joined actions of Bulgarian and Turkish partners on projects within the Trans-border Cooperation Program are the result of the influence of framework factors, rather than being due to cultural differences. Asymmetries, mainly economic in nature, influence the aptitudes and actions of both sides. In the prolonged situation of limited financial resources for the Bulgarian side, the projects turn to be of a key importance for it. Thus the Bulgarian partners try to perform their tasks strictly according to the requirements of EU. At the same time, for the Turkish partners the projects seem to be less attractive and thus failing to create motivation for adhering to the formal rules as well as for the timely fulfillment of the engagements which they have undertaken. In order to cope with the problems in their current and future projects, the Bulgarian actors, using experience and knowledge from previous projects, apply action oriented strategies including creation of generalized images of the Turkish partners together with narratives about meetings and conflicts with them.
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This paper is considered four areas of the concern presented in the program of the President of America, Mr. Donald Trump. These areas are in: innovation and R & D, taxes and R & D, development of broadbandand telecommunications, Internet and digital policy.
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When starting economic reform in 1978, China had the socialist countries of Central and Eastern Europe (SCCEE) as an alternative model. From 1978 to 1985 there were frequent contacts between Chinese economists and those with SCCEE background, who were introduced by Chinese economists of old generation (born in 1900s-1920s). The Chinese economists of middle generation (born in 1930s) led the criticism of the SCCEE economic reform in late 1980s, participated by their young assistants (born in 1940s-1950s). After 1989 China lost its interest in SCCEE economic reform, but the economists of middle and young generations who were familiar with SCCEE economic history became the principal consultants of policy-making in 1990s and even policy-makers in 2000s and 2010s. They were trained just in the studies of SCCEE economic theories and practice.
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The author analyzes the process of formation of a new political regime under the conditions of genesis of global information society. Considered in the article are virtual mechanisms, methods and ways of social government by ruling elites in the new historical epoch. Special attention is paid to the complex, contradictive character of the revolution in communications, reforming the process of alteration of the world socium, greatly influencing the character of formation of the new political regime. Object of the research is the emerging of netocracy as a new class in the net society.
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The article describes the nature of information literacy, the essence problems in the implementation of information literacy in the Bulgarian educational system and the opportunities to master information literacy by the module “Databases” in “Information Technology” classes.
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In todays fast changing environment there is need for organizations to respond to the challenges in the most effective and efficient way. The thesis of this text is aiming to point one of the potential interactions that is very likely to support organizational success in near future. This article would like to bring attention to the synergy between Facilities Management and Human Resources Management that can be used for giving the organizations so much needed competitive advantage of building the balanced organizational ecology that is able to maintain itself by attracting and retaining top talents and provide the environment for delivering the best results in the respective field. Synergy between different functions can enable (or constrain) transformational change aiming at achieving such efficiency. The conjunction between Facility Management and Human Resources Management can be an example that will deliver such effect. There is a bridge between, on the one hand build environment and facilities management, focused on real estate provision and on the other business and management studies.
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The text presents the factors to be taken into effect for the construction of infrastructure for the preservation and storage of information. Basic information that will help protecting of the business in the event of a disaster is given.
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The development of courier operators in terms of increased competition depends on the competitiveness of their services. In order to increase the quality of service many operators realize the necessity of mastering the fundamental knowledge related to the study of consumer behaviour and application of the results in real business. The purpose of this paper is to explore and analyse the behaviour of individual users of courier services to a particular operator. The spot monitoring and survey on the degree of consumer satisfaction are conducted. The aggregate score and the average value of each of the studied parameters are calculated. The main factors in achieving competitiveness of the courier operator are being identified.
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The author describes how – with the development of hardware and IT technologies, over the years has evolved and modernized the information network of the Mathematics High School “Baba Tonka” – city of Ruse. Shown are the ambitions of the high school to follow up and implement the world’s leading educational technologies and innovations.
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In this article we aim to synthesize existing knowledge on social structure and its contemporary changes in the context of the notion of capitals (not only material, but social, human, educational as well). We also propose to look at mobility from the perspective of conversions of those capitals. Based on that, we try to show that inequalities and prospects of upward mobility is contingent on key institutional systems in contemporary societies, which tend to converge.
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