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The report examines the theoretical connection between innovation and CSR and their opportunities for development in the Northeastern and Southeastern regions of the Republic of Bulgaria. Based on the results of an empirical study among 300 SMEs implementing innovations in our country, opportunities for the development and implementation of innovations in CSR are outlined, which will increase the competitive performance of the Black Sea region.
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Few non-mandatory standards on sustainability reporting have been developed in the last two decades as a result of few global initiatives, including the Global Reporting Initiative, the International Integrated Reporting Council, the Taskforce for Climate- Related Financial Disclosures, etc. In April 2021, the European Union updated its Non- Financial Reporting Directive. Moreover, the World Economic Forum issued its new standards on common metrics and consistent reporting for sustainable value creation. These and few other initiatives and standards currently shape the sustainability reporting landscape. But the need for harmonization of non-financial reporting is on its way to change it. The lack of one single global set of standards is challenging the standard setters, policymakers, and other stakeholders and some have already started to cooperate. In early November 2021, the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) Foundation Trustees announced the establishment of a new standard-setting board – the International Sustainability Standards Board, to meet the demand of high quality, transparent, reliable, and comparable reporting by companies on climate and other environment, social and governance (ESG) matters. Inspired by the urgency of more holistic and comprehensive corporate reporting encompassing company’s ESG metrics and disclosures, this paper aims at collecting discussions on the future of sustainability reporting through the lens of the recently identified trends in its development.
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The rapid growth of international production until about 2010 was driven by the underlying economics, the supportive policy environment, and enabling technological developments. Changes in direction in the same three factors caused the stagnation in international production in the 2010s. Looking ahead, the trio of technology, policy and economic considerations continues to be a helpful guide to structure the analysis of expected trends. Only the relative importance of the factors, their intensity and their detailed composition is likely to change. However, all three have arrived at critical inflection points that could fundamentally alter the configuration of international production over the next decade.
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The peculiarity of wind generators as an object of evaluation is that they are a complex system - equipment that has separate elements that can be subject to self- assessment, as well as the fact that the wind generator that produces electricity together with service equipment can be considered and evaluates as a business, through the approaches and methods used in the valuation of commercial enterprises. The second important feature is that the installed and operated wind generator are permanently connected to the ground through their foundations and are essentially immovable facilities. The necessary documents under the Spatial Development Act are being developed for it and construction and installation activities are being carried out. Therefore, in their assessment as an active object, two appraisal competencies are required - an independent real estate appraiser and an independent appraiser of machinery and equipment. When evaluating a wind generator or wind farm, an independent appraiser of commercial enterprises and receivables may be involved as an independent business.
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European legislation enables and encourages member states to implement projects, referring to Art.7 of Directive (EU) 2019/944 of the European Parliament - The Green Deal. In transport, the aim is to reduce emissions in the sector by 90%, to which all modes of transport must contribute. The green transformation of transport is directly related to the production and introduction of sustainable alternative fuels and intelligent traffic systems. The digitalisation in the transport sector and the opportunities provided by dynamically evolving technologies lead to an increase in the quality of transport services as well as to the overall improvement of environmental and economic indicators.
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Desalination of seawater is already a fact. In the 21st century, the main goal is the extraction and production of fresh drinking water. In this summary we will consider the different methods for its desalination. As the main method we will consider the reverse osmosis. The types of membranes and their role now and in the future.
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The article presents the general principle of operation of a specific author's algorithm, which is implemented in a real working telematics system for electric cars.
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Although developments in economics, science, and technology have influenced the field of education, the belief in the individual and societal benefits of education has remained unchanged. The determination of the benefits of education revolves around debates on whether education serves as an economic function and whether it is a consumption and/or investment good. Considering that the primary aim of education is to nurture individuals, the qualities of the individuals to be cultivated will turn them into producers and consumers under the influence of the economy. To determine the individual and societal benefits of education, the private and social returns of education are calculated. In this section, the costs, benefits, returns, and cost-benefit ratios of public/private education in Turkey are discussed.
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Zengin Malaysia, a developing and growing Asian country, has many economic dynamics. This study, which holds a general perspective on the Malaysian economy, has revealed the pros and cons of the Malaysian economy in many respects. In the study, the Malaysian economy was discussed over five questions. These questions are; Could You Give Information About Malaysia’s Macroeconomic Data?, Could You Specify Malaysia’s Sources of Income?, Could You Specify the Import and Export Structure of Malaysia?, How Does Malaysia’s Central Bank Operate?, and What is the Position Malaysia Holds in Global Economy?
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The scientific material reviews the most important scientific developments related to the digital transformation from standard bank stress tests to their reverse profiles. The author refers to many authors discussing the problem. Peter Grundke and Kamil Pliszka scored 6 steps on the reverse stress test. An attempt is made to define the concepts by Christian Thun, Juan M. Licari and Mark Zandi, as shown in Figure 1. The Hybrid Approach to Reverse Stress Testing includes is also briefly discussed. Three concusions have been drawn, regarding the matter of the review.
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In this study, we investigated the impacts of human capital and public expenditures on economic complexity. For this aim, Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) causality test was used. We used the data of 6 countries (Denmark, Finland, Austria, Italy, Sweden, England) among 15 European Union countries and the years from 2000 to 2015. In the study, 2 variables were preferred as the human capital indicator. Considering the secondary school enrollment rate to represent human capital, a bidirectional causality relationship was found between economic complexity and human capital. When the he ratio of highly educated labor force was applied to represent human capital, one-way causality from educated labor force to economic complexity was determined. Similarly, two variables were used to analyze the effect of government expenditures on economic complexity. The first one is the sum of government education and health expenditures. The second variable is total government expenditure. Results of the analysis showed that there is a one-way causality running from government expenditure to economic complexity for both variables. As a conclusion, it is seen that knowledge and education are important in exporting complex products. In addition, it can also be stated that authorities can contribute to economic complexity by increasing public expenditures. In sum, policies implemented in order to encourage human capital and increase public expenditures may positively affect the production and export of technology and knowledge-intensive products.
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In this study, the short-term causality relationship between consumer confidence index, policy rate and BIST100 index was investigated in Turkey. Using monthly data between 2011:01-2023:01, Enders and Jones (2016) Fourier Granger Causality analysis and Nazlıoğlu et al. (2016) Fourier was analyzed using Toda-Yamamoto Causality analysis. As a prerequisite for the Fourier Granger causality analysis, the stationarity of the variables was examined with the ADF unit root test. As a result of the analysis, a one-way short-term causality relationship was found from consumer confidence index to policy rate and from BIST100 to consumer confidence index.
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The aim of this study is to predict the volatility interaction between the Fear index (VIX) and BIST 100 and BIST 30 with the CCC-GARCH Model. In this direction, the daily closing data for the period 02.01.2015-17.01.2023 was used as the data set. According to the results obtained, it has been determined that there is no volatility interaction from BIST 100 index to VIX, but there is volatility interaction from VIX to BIST 100 index. It has been determined that there is a one-way volatility interaction from VIX to BIST 100 index. It has been determined that there is no volatility transfer between VIX and BIST 30 index.
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Starting with 2007, Romania has benefitted from the European funding system, covering the 2007-2013 and 2014-2020 budgetary periods. Although it is among the EU Member States with the highest financial need for accelerating the economic and social development process, in the 2007-2013 programming period, Romania failed to maximize the impact of the European funds, having, practically, the lowest absorption rate among all the beneficiaries. Between the reasons that led to the achievement of this result, we can include some institutional and administrative factors that hindered both the access to European funds, as well as their effective use during the projects’ implementation period. Considering that the experience of the first budgetary cycle can be considered a relevant and useful lesson for creating the conditions for a more efficient use of the European funds in the 2014-2020 multi annual financial framework, the purpose of this paper is to emphasize the institutional measures and changes that took place in order to ensure a smooth process for attracting and effectively using these financial instruments during the current programming period. Thus, we compared the two programming periods from the institutional point of view, to determine what measures have been taken so far and whether they were successful, taking into account all the stages of this process, from the project preparation to implementation and reporting phases.
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If in previous studies the relationships between job characteristics and results were studied, in the current article we propose to set the focus on the authenticity of involvement in work. The pandemic has generated a rearrangement of personal values, another type of motivation and involvement in work. We aim to investigate the relationship between the organisational culture and the authenticity at work. Then the authenticity at work is analyzed in relationship with the work commitment and job satisfaction.Design/methodology/approach – We used in this quantitative research the answers of 127 Romanian employees to the survey. The data processing was done with IBM-Amos software.Findings – Results showed that authenticity has a relevant influence on the Job satisfaction.Research limitations/implications – The main limitation of this study is the relatively small number of respondents.Practical implications – The managers can use the results of the study to understand the importance of organisational culture on the authenticity at work and further implications in job satisfaction.
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The ability of companies to adapt to unfavorable situations in a relatively short time refers to organizational resilience. A resilient organization must withstand shocks, adapt, and have transformative capacity. Resilience is an important issue in different fields, and organizational resilience is a concept, which has become at the forefront of national and international research, over the years, especially during the period transversed by the COVID 19 pandemic. This paper thus aims to to contribute to the debates that take place on the topic of organizational resilience, through the bibliometric and visual analysis carried out on research in the direction of organizational resilience, collected from the WoS Core Collection database, from the last two years. Thus, the central objective of the paper starts from the question: What is the general trend of publishing research on organizational resilience in the world in a pandemic context? Through the use of the bibliometric method and visualization software for knowledge mapping, emerging trends in resilience research and organizational resilience under different aspects have been presented. The Covid 19 pandemic represents a vector both for companies that will maintain their business model and rely on economic growth, but also for those companies that will not survive.
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This study aims to analyse the job satisfaction of older employees in Europe from the perspective of gender differences. The relationship between job satisfaction and various factors such as job characteristics, work environment, employees’ characteristics is of interest for human resource management in successful organizations. Previous studies on gender gap paradox show that women are more satisfied than men, even when controlling for job and personal characteristics. However, this phenomenon varies in time and among countries. The effects of several determinant factors on job satisfaction are estimated using ordinal logistic regression model applied on data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). The comparative analysis by gender for ordered logistic regression estimations allows to identify several differences in assessing the impact of working environment on job satisfaction for men and women. The findings of this study are discussed both from a theoretical and a practical perspective.
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Remote online work has lately become a habit. The global labour market has adapted to the requirements of this way of working, and the labour supply has become hybrid. To support the understanding of this change in the labour market, the current research’ aim was to analyse the advantages and disadvantages of working online, remotely. The analysis was performed using an online questionnaire, and the research sample consisted of undergraduate and master students. Data was collected between November 2021 and January 2022. The main results indicate that the most important advantages of the remote work, in the online way are: the availability of employees at work it is increased, the interaction with people from other work environments create new learning opportunities, and work problems are solved without having to relocate employees. The most important disadvantages of working remotely in the online way are: isolation can appear and the lack of physical contact can lead to interaction problems, communication problems may appear, and interruptions during work can occur. These results are part of a complex research, created specifically for the analysis of the desired organizational rewards for a remote, online job, and the analysis of the research results will continue.
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The ‘smart city’ emerged as a complex strategy, involving different urban aspects and dimensions. The European model is currently built on six domains: smart mobility, smart governance, smart economy, smart people, smart living and smart environment. The current paper investigates how Romanian cities have implemented smart city strategies and how are they evolving from a more practical perspective. While the vast majority of initiatives are concentrated in the capital city and other important regional centres, not all projects are functional and have yet to generate benefits for citizens. With regard to the status-quo in Romania, smart cities are rather in the adaptation phase, having emerged from tensions between modern and traditional forms of governance and socio-economic and environmental goals. The aim of this paper is to critically asses how close are Romanian cities to the conventional smart city by analysing how and which smartness factors have been translated in the seven Romania’s regional development centres – Iași, Cluj-Napoca, Timișoara, Brașov, Constanța, Craiova and Ploiești.
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