The Options of Adaptive Modeling Environment in Cyberspace of Secure Electronic Banking

Author(s): Jiří Dvořák,Karel Urbanovský,Martina Jankova / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim of the contribution is, based on the solving tasks of specific researches, express systematically adaptive environment of the modern intelligent cashless payment system as a cybernetic model aimed to the safety profile of the future system integrated electronic banking. To inform mainly experts of the possible use of the environment modeling in the new cybernetic space (cyberspace). Furthermore express methodology of the research work of an investigator team with regard to the necessary integration processes in the areas of banking and business.

Why Homo Economicus help each other? (Insights from behavioral economics and neuroeconomics)

Author(s): Lenka Kopečková / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Students of economics are commonly “drummed into head” that people do not care about others. Our subjects are “Homo Economicus” and they only care about maximization of own utility no matter of what impact it has on others. Yet in our daily, we can observe many examples that go against this assumption. People contribute to charities, donate blood and sometimes they even sacrifice theirs life to help others. This clearly contradicts assumption of rationality- but is this behavior irrational? This review study aims to briefly map development of economic thinking about rationality in a relation to social decision making. It begins with neoclassical „rational man“ and its origins. It goes further by introducing behavioral economics and its theories of social preferences -which claim that helping others may in fact lead to maximization of one’s own utility. On examples of selected studies it shows its strengths and weaknesses.

Is Perceived Significance Determining Decision Strategy Selection?

Author(s): Axel Sonntag / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

“Economics is the science which studies human behavior as a relationship between ends and scarce means which have alternative uses." Focusing on the term human behavior, makes clear what human beings as economic actors actually can do: Decide between alternatives. This emphasizes the role of decision making as a core topic within a huge variety of economic theories and gives an idea why especially this area of research has been and still is paid much attention to. Humans repeatedly have been claimed unable to be rational optimizers because our brains lack the required processing power and storage capacity to do so. Consequently, to meet our every day decision making needs, less effort-demanding strategies are applied. Instead of calculating the optimal solution, simpler and therefore more humane decision rules which make the best out of our cognitive apparatus could be used to infer a problem. Such strategies are also known as heuristics. However, as can be seen from many empirical studies (e.g. [2][3][4]), there is no perfect heuristic which in general results in the most preferable outcome. As there are many fast and frugal methods, whose accuracy and decision outcome dramatically depend on the actual decision environment, the question arises, which strategy should be selected under which circumstances. Procedures used to select a specific heuristic out of a pool of available decision strategies are called metaheuristics. Cost-benefit models, like the effort-accuracy model by Payne, Bettman and Johnson, compare the beneficial accuracy of a decision strategy in finding the best alternative with the effort necessary when applying that strategy. Unfortunately, this theoretically elegant approach refers to an optimization process which is in direct conflict with the preclusion of such procedures due to limited human processing capability. Consequently, a different, nonoptimizing, approach is chosen to select decision strategies in this paper. A new metaheuristic model for decision strategy selection for consumer goods is introduced. It uses the measures as perceived relative costs and relativ holding times of consumer products to trigger the underlying decision effort (metalevel) in selecting an appropriate alternative (choice level).

Summary

Author(s): Piotr Bartkowiak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Zakończenie

Author(s): Piotr Bartkowiak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Wprowadzenie

Author(s): Piotr Bartkowiak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Пандемията от КОВИД-19 - нова заплаха за изоставащите региони в България

Author(s): Mariela Savkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Bulgaria's fifteen-year experience in the EU shows that our country achieves slower cohesion than other member-states from Central and Eastern Europe, and besides between less and more developed regions, internally. With the COVID-19 pandemic, there is a new threat for deepening the regional disparities in Bulgaria, and complementary expanding the gap in the quality of health care and access to education of children from vulnerable groups between regions of Bulgaria. Today, the European Union faces other challenges such as external hybrid attacks, BREXIT, refugee flows, and humanitarian emergencies from the military conflicts in the Middle East and most recently from the invasion of Russia in Ukraine. To address these issues in 2020, in addition to the existing European opportunities, the member-states have created two new funds, and one instrument for the management of migration, visa regime, and internal security of the EU. Further, they have allocated funds from the current Multiannual financial framework and the "Next Generation EU" package to provide financing for the new instrument REACT-EU to overcome the negative impact of the consequences of COVID-19. Bulgaria seeks to use these financial opportunities by implementing a new Integrated Territorial Investments (ITI) approach to reduce the regional inequalities in access to quality public services and economic opportunities for the population living in the less developed regions. The current report evaluates the subject of COVID-19 concerning the upcoming regionalization of the European programs in Bulgaria and their effectiveness in diminishing the negative consequences of the pandemic in Bulgarian regions.

Европейската парична политика след 2020 година: предизвикателства и възможности

Author(s): Irena Nikolova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The European economic and monetary union is regarded as the next step of the EU Member States integration which envisages the single currency adoption as their official method of payment. To a certain extent that guarantees the implementation stability of the other EU economic policies and the euro preservation. Thus, the European Central Bank along with the other central banks make steps to support the single currency on the international markets as part of the undertaken monetary policy, which includes the implementation of the newly adopted mechanisms for supervision and crises financing. The purpose of the paper is to review the development opportunities of the EU monetary policy after 2020 and the role of Bulgaria in that policy. The tasks of the paper are related to two important issues: 1. The present situation of the EU monetary policy and the relations to the other economic policies; 2. Scenarios for the monetary policy development according to the trends in the international economy and Bulgaria.

Статистически анализ на производителността на труда в България

Author(s): Silvia Gospodinova,Dimitria Karadimova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The report researches the labor productivity in the context of Bulgarian economy with the objective to establish the trends in its development in the recent few years. A comparative analysis has been carried out on the methods and the limitations of the estimation of labor productivity and its relation to the economic efficiency, the business cycle as well as other macroeconomic indicators. A leading trend in the development of labor productivity in Bulgaria has been identified through the application of statistical methods. Estimates have been made on the future values of labor productivity up until year 2024 providing that the established patterns persist.

Оценка на влиянието на преките чуждестранни инвестиции върху инвестиционния процес на страните кандидати за членство в ЕС

Author(s): Konstantin Kapitanov / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

OLS regression models, classic panel regression models, partially adjusted panel regression models are developed on an experimental basis. Different results are compared.

Zakończenie

Author(s): Malwina Lemkowska,Marcin Wojtkowiak / Language(s): Polish Publication Year: 0

Academic entrepreneurship as a process

Author(s): Aleksandra Szulczewska-Remi / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Academic entrepreneurship is the process by which knowledge spills over from universities and other research institutions in order to be commercialised. Because the development of this process model requires a holistic and integrative perspective, the main objective of this chapter was to develop a process model of academic entrepreneurship. Based on a systematic review of academic literature data, 68 articles were selected, out of which 10 papers were further synthesized for the development of a process model so as to understand academic entrepreneurship. It was assumed that this entrepreneurial process consists of opportunities identification coming from university innovation that is perceived as a mechanism for knowledge spillover with regards to knowledge spillover theory of entrepreneurship. These opportunities are leveraged by the entrepreneurial resources and reconfigured to develop entrepreneurial competences according to the theory of entrepreneurship that consequently lead to knowledge and technology commercialisation. In thisway, the proposed process model of academic entrepreneurship presents innovation as created in the university environment and driven by entrepreneurship to create value for knowledgebased economies.

Development and commercialisation of an invention in the field of active packaging

Author(s): Wojciech Kozak / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The aim of the work is to present the case study of commercialisation process by using the example of an invention (active packaging) developed at a university (PUEB) and intended for employment in the packaging industry to preserve the quality of goods and prolong its shelflife. The stages from basic research, further development of the solution, through the process of fundraising, obtaining intellectual property protection, prototyping and attempts at proper commercialisation including its final results are presented.

Who really is a data scientist? Analysis of requirements for data centred roles job market and their future

Author(s): Piotr Kałużny,Klaudia Karpińska,Łukasz Krawiec / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

Data analysis and processing skills are currently required by a multitude of job offers and cover a wide variety of applications. Although mostly shaped by the development of new technologies, programming languages and libraries, they are a necessity in the world of digital economy and entrepreneurship. A multitude of reports by large consulting companies such as Deloitte predict a sharp increase in demand for data science and AI roles in the future of not only the IT sector, but also the entire economy. The following questions arise: “What skillset do these innovators that use artificial intelligence and advanced analytical skills have?” and “What skills and requirements truly make a data scientist and are they are any different to that of data analysts, data engineers or software developers and programmers?”, moreover, “What is the demand for these specialists and are the university programs educating future specialists in this field or are the skills too new and need to be taught solely by business practice?” . To answer these questions, this article applies Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques of machine learning to characterize and extract from the offers key skills important for data centred roles. The research was carried out on a preprocessed sample of 72 thous and job offers from the IT sector posted in 2019. A SVMlinear classifier was applied to extract the most distinguishing technical skills and characterize the possibility of the automated classification of job postings, which resulted in about 85% precision and recall values for classifying data analyst, data scientist and data engineer roles and about 90% for classifying python developer roles.

Развитие на обучението по логистика и управление на веригата на доставките в България

Author(s): Miroslava Rakovska,Ivanka Korbankoleva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

At the global level, the report reveals the needs for logistics competencies in line with the trends in the development of logistics and supply chain management. The Bulgarian high education institutions offering training in logistics and / or supply chain management and conducting research in the field, have been studied. In particular, the development of logistics and supply chain education at the University of National and World Economy is outlined. Based on this, the importance of cooperation between higher education and business was highlighted, as well as the prospects for future development.

Сътрудничество на висшите учебни заведения с фирмите в областта на логистиката и управлението на веригите на доставки – на примера на Руския икономически университет „Г. В. Плеханов“ Москва

Author(s): Stilyana Mikova,Elena Slepenkova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

This paper investigates a current problem pertaining to the provision of specialists with suitable competences in the field of logistics and supply chain management (SCM) through the interaction between universities and business organisations. The aim of this study is to define the specific parameters of interaction between one of the largest Institutes for Economics in Russia with firms that need qualified staff working in the field. The research methodology is based on case study and observation. The results show a comparatively high degree of activity on behalf of the university to collaborate with business and potentialities for increasing the support firms provide in the process of education and training of specialists in the field of logistics and SCM.

Тенденции в използването на информационни технологии в дистрибуцията на потребителски стоки

Author(s): Ani Metieva / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

With the increasing globalization of economic activities and the rapid development of information technology, the primarily task of each prosperous company is constantly looking for ways to strategically develop and organize, global markets. Global markets are supported by different logistics systems, enabling the cope with high level of competencies in the integration processes of distribution and consumption. This report aims to identify what are the trends in the use of information technology in the distribution of consumer goods.

Модел за оценка влиянието на хората върху организационната култура във веригата на доставки

Author(s): Georgi Kondev,Irena Mihaylova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

Changes in the current dynamic economic environment are associated with strong competition between organizations from different sectors of the national and global economy. Therefore, they are forced to quickly look for innovative opportunities to optimize the business processes they use in order to increase their efficiency, productivity and sustainability. The realization of rapid improvements is especially important for small and medium-sized organizations that do not have sufficient financial resources to survive and develop in the continued economic, social and health crisis. One of the most important areas that influences organizational culture are the people in an organization. Their impact on the deployment of necessary changes in the organizational culture, which leads to rapid adaptation to the uncertain environment is key. That is why people as part of the stakeholders in a supply chain are increasingly seen as a fundamental competitive advantage. The study itself aims to present a basic framework for cooperation that highlights the opportunities for people to use their knowledge and skills on the continuous improvement of key operations in the supply chain. It is the changes in the organizational culture made by people that are the paradigm that carries out the integration of supply chains at both the logistical (tactical) and technological (strategic) level of management.

Предизвикателства пред финансовата логистика в областта на началното и средното образование

Author(s): Boryana Varbanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Publication Year: 0

The topic of education is always relevant, given its importance for the overall economic development of the country and its highlighting as a strategic priority. It is a public good provided by the state to its citizens, by providing it with a public resource and having a binding character. The aim of this study is to analyze the challenges facing financial logistics in the field of primary and secondary education, with a focus on subsidies provided to private schools in the form of delegated budgets. The reasons why most private educational institutions refuse this support have been studied. The results of the performed analysis are presented and recommendations for improving the quality of the educational system are proposed.

RESOURCES OF THE SOCIALIST ECONOMY AS A PART OF INDUSTRIAL REAL ESTATE MARKET

Author(s): Izabela RACKA,Małgorzata Krajewska / Language(s): English Publication Year: 0

The sector of industrial (production and warehouse) real estate is one of the most important sectors of the real estate market in Poland, as well as in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. On the domestic market, some transactions are international and are widely described in the reports of large companies analyzing the market, but on regional and local markets the situation is different. Resources in smaller markets, regional and local cities vary in terms of age, functionality and price levels. Moreover, on local markets real estate is more often purchased than rented. In this paper the authors aim to show what features of industrial real estate affect the investors' decisions in regional markets on the example of two markets in Poland: Kujawy and Southern Greater Poland. The study can help making investment decisions and may be important for active participants of the industrial market.