CEEOL - Browse Subjects Result

We kindly inform you that, as long as the subject affiliation of our 300.000+ articles is in progress, you might get unsufficient or no results on your third level or second level search. In this case, please broaden your search criteria.

Shared and/or separate representations of animate/inanimate categories: An ERP study

Author(s): Vanja Ković,Kim Plunkett,Gert Westermann / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2009

This paper presents an ERP experiment examining the underlying nature of semantic representation of animate and inanimate objects. Time-locking ERP signatures to the onset of visual stimuli we found topological similarities in animate and inanimate object processing. Moreover, when mapping more general to more specific representation (auditory to visual stimuli) we found no difference between animates and inanimates in the N400 amplitude either. This study provides further evidence for the theory of unitary semantic organization, but no support for the feature-based prediction of segregated conceptual organization. Surprisingly, it was also found that the P600 component, which has been thus far mostly related to syntactic processing to be a sensitive index of conceptual processing. The most apparent difference regarding P600 component was found between animate and inanimate matches, whereby animate matches elicited more positive ERP signatures in comparison to inanimate matches.

More...

DİLBİLİM, SİNİRDİLBİLİM VE BEYİN ARAŞTIRMALARI BULGULARI IŞIĞINDA ÇOCUKLARDA İLK VE İKİNCİ DİL GELİŞİMİ VE İKİDİLLİLİK

Author(s): Yunus Pınar,Nihal Kubilay Pınar,Bengül Çetintaş / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 18/2015

The present review shows that infants begin picking up elements of what will be their first language in the womb, and certainly long before their first coo according to the current guidelines and it presents a descriptive approach to bilingualism and multilingualism. This article is the outcome of a thorough survey of literature and primarily it aims to present the similarities and differences between the L1 and L2 acquisition in light of linguistics, neurolinguistics and findings from brain research. This Review will illustrate various thought and new hypotheses on first and second language development, bilingualism and multilingualism derived from studies in linguistics, neurolinguistics and brain research. In the context of our paper we shall try to describe aspects and stages of first language acquisition from even before birth especially the 20th week of the fetal development of the baby to 60th week of life, as well as the second language acquisition process, which is divided into three types: simultaneous, consecutive and adult. In particular, we will present and discuss some of the main results of the brain researchers like Franceschini and De Bleser and we shall interpret them.

More...

DİL GELİŞİMİ, METİN KAVRAMA VE DEYİM ANLAMA ÜÇLEMESİ: LEVORATO VE DİĞERLERİNİN ÇALIŞMASI ÜZERİNE BİR ELEŞTİRİ

Author(s): Huseyin Uysal / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 17/2015

This paper is a peer commentary on Levorato, M. C., Nesi, B. & Cacciari, C. (2004). Reading comprehension and understanding idiomatic expressions: A developmental study. Brain and Language, 91(3), 303-314.

More...

The acquisition of prepositions in Serbian: Factors and mechanisms of development

Author(s): Maja Savić,Darinka Anđelković / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2004

The study proceeds from the results of the previous studies showing that the distributional characteristics (frequency) of language input are crucial for the acquisition of prepositions (Savić & Anđelković, 2005, in preparation). The authors analyze deviations in the distribution of prepositions in children's spontaneous speech from the prediction made on the basis of the distributional characteristics of prepositions in adult language. The results show that, in comparison with adult language, only the prepositions «kod» (at, by, near, beside) and «sa» (with, from, off) deviate from the prediction. It was also found out that the unexpectedly early and frequent use of the preposition «kod» in child speech stemmed from the frequent use of this preposition in child-directed speech. On the other hand, the preposition «sa», which is very frequent in child-directed speech, is not present in children's production at the earliest age, because its homonymy makes it cognitively complex. The analysis of the reasons for such a deviation provided a basis for the discussion about the possible factors and mechanisms of development: the distributional characteristics of adult language are the major factor of acquisition, but the effects of conceptual and structural complexity were recorded as well.

More...

Annotated corpus and the empirical evaluation of probability estimates of grammatical forms

Author(s): Nada Ševa,Aleksandar Kostić / Language(s): English Issue: 3/2003

The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the usage of an annotated corpus in the field of experimental psycholinguistics. Specifically, we demonstrate how the manually annotated Corpus of Serbian Language (Kostić, Đ. 2001) can be used for probability estimates of grammatical forms, which allow the control of independent variables in psycholinguistic experiments. We address the issue of processing Serbian inflected forms within two subparadigms of feminine nouns. In regression analysis, almost all processing variability of inflected forms has been accounted for by the amount of information (i.e. bits) carried by the presented forms. In spite of the fact that probability distributions of inflected forms for the two paradigms differ, it was shown that the best prediction of processing variability is obtained by the probabilities derived from the predominant subparadigm which encompasses about 80% of feminine nouns. The relevance of annotated corpora in experimental psycholinguistics is discussed more in detail .

More...

Функциональные особенности внутренней речи в лингвопрагматическом и психологическом аспектах

Author(s): Elena Aleksandrovna Koltsova,Faina Iosifovna Kartashkova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 4/2018

Introduction. The paper considers cognitive functions and linguistic nature of inner speech which serves as a clue to the problem of thinking and speech, to human consciousness. This article offers an interdisciplinary approach to the phenomenon under consideration integrating linguistic and psychological aspects. The aim of the paper is to study the functions of inner speech comparing the linguistic results obtained with the data of psychological and neurophysiological observations. Materials and Methods. Inner speech being a purely psychological phenomenon by nature is studied in linguistics through literary texts, thus becoming an object of modelling. The material used for the undertaken research is presented by speech episodes from English literary discourse which include the depiction of internal cognitive activity. The analysis focuses on anthroponymic evaluative utterances studied via a number of methods, namely contextual and definition methods and pragmalinguistic description. To implement the interdisciplinary approach to the studied phenomenon, a comparative analysis of the linguistic results and the data of empirical experiments conducted by psychologists and neurophysiologists was carried out. Results. The research has allowed identifying communication targets and objectives characteristic of internal speech, the episodes of which contain evaluative anthroponymic expressions. The main functions performed by depicted inner speech are regulatory, reflective (and self-reflective) and motivating ones. The study has revealed some gender-based similarities and discrepancies depending on the gender of the speaker. The link between the appearance of inner speech and a certain emotional state has been demonstrated. Conclusions. The analysis of text episodes of internalized speech enabled the authors to reveal the functional specificity of internal speech within the framework of literary discourse. The comparison of the results of linguistic research conducted with the data obtained in psychological and neurophysiological studies has shown the correlation and similarity between them. The interdisciplinary approach to the considered phenomenon makes it possible to expand the concept of inner speech and shed light on those cognitive processes which underlie it.

More...

Doprinos fonološke i sintaksičke svesnosti u početnom čitanju

Author(s): Gordana Čolić,Mile Vuković / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 1/2018

The purpose of this research is to identify the relations between some of the pre reading abilities as predictor variables and reading success as acrierionvariableinfirst gradeprimary school pupils. The sample consisted of 200 respondents. The research was conducted in two phases. In Phase I, pre-school children were tested. The ELLA test was applied and it enabled the assessment of phonological awareness, memory, verbal fluency, fast naming and deciphering. Additionally, syntactic awareness was assessed by using the List of experimental tasks for evaluating knowledge on syntax. In Phase II, the reading abilities were assessed by applying the Three-Dimensional Reading Test on the same group of respondents who had been tested at their pre school age;at the time of the reading test they were finalising the first grade of primaryschool. To establish the predictor variable of pre-reading abilities, Multiple Regression Analysis and Hierarchical Regression Analysis were conducted. The results indicate that phonological and syntactic awareness are significant predictors of early reading, whereas the phonological awareness has a stronger predicative value. However, we consider that the established importance of syntactic awareness in early reading is an important finding of our research, having in mind that syntactic awareness is more important for later reading stages.

More...

Grupowe zajęcia logopedyczne dla dzieci jako popularna forma profilaktyki w przedszkolu

Author(s): Dorota Magdalena Dudzińska / Language(s): Polish Issue: 30/2017

The article concerns logopedic prophylactic group classes for children of preschool age. Such classes are held in logopedic institutions by numerous speech therapists. Unfortunately, there are not many publications within which one can find well thoughtout exercises and educational games that can be adapted to large groups. Prophylactic group classes that are carried out attractively can be a perfect opportunity for stimulation of children’s language development, their interest in speech and study of rules of proper communication. The role of a speech therapist in such a case is really broad and it does not restrict itself only to the an aspect related to speech. The issues such as rules of communication, behavior in group, cooperation or positive competition are also of a great importance. Among other things, a speech therapist has to show good time management, well thought-out arrangement of activeness types (mental, motor) as well as charisma and strong character which will draw attention of young participants to a particular class. This task can cause some trouble to these speech therapists who most frequently conduct individual therapy at their offices.

More...

La langue francaise dans les disciplines non linguistiques: facteur de réussite ou de d’inhibition ?

Author(s): Tarnaoui Moulay Mohamed / Language(s): French Issue: 17/2018

The French language, the first living language in a school system in great difficulty, has gone from the status of a "second language" to a "foreign language"; it is for this reason that it is laborious to determine the real status of this language in Morocco. The sociolinguistic difficulty of the field raises the question of the parameters that must prevail in the management of the didactic field of French. In this contribution, we would like to know the place of the French language in Non Linguistic Disciplines (henceforth DNL). First of all, it is about the language of instruction, namely French, which promotes academic, academic and professional success and the social rise of the learner; in a second time, this language is apprehended as socioprofessional inhibition for those who do not master it.

More...

Развитие языковых способностей младшего школьника на уроках математики (на примере учебно-методического комплекта «Перспективная начальная школа»)

Author(s): Tamara Yakovleva,Svetlana Semenova / Language(s): Russian Issue: 7/2017

This work is devoted to the study of methods and techniques that can be used by the teacher of an elementary school on the lessons of the General Cycle for the development of linguistic abilities of younger pupils. In an age of rapid development of information and communication technologies it seems to be especially important to develop linguistic and creative abilities of pupils and students.

More...

Шта лична имена говоре о разлици ‘мушко’ – ‘женско’, роду и структурној организацији језика

Author(s): Jovanka Radić / Language(s): Serbian Issue: 24/2017

The subject of the paper can be described as an investigation into the logical foundations of personal names (PNs) aimed at examining the relationship between natural gender and grammatical gender in Serbian PNs, the type of their structural organization, and their integration into language as a system. It is found that the specific feature of PNs has to do with the fact that they imply all predetermined (/ determined through being understood in themselves) categorial dimensions: “human” is a predetermined category of being; “human beings” are comprehended as distinct “beings” (″“one” in itself″); the subject of a PN is predefined as ‘male’ or ‘female’. This enables (1) the intentional formation of PNs (a defined denominator and a determined act of nomination) and determines (2) the specific value of the formative and grammatical morphemes in the structure of PNs (suffixes and the grammatical gender), including (3) peculiar types of meaning and organization, depending on whether a PN is considered to be a part of the corpus of personal names (a word without a specific reference) or it serves as an identifier. As PNs serve the purpose of identification, the relationship between a PN and a person as the subject of nomination is very strong (1 : 1). In this type of denominating relation, the personal identity dominates (a PN is repeatable, whereas the personal identity is “one” and universally unique). Due to this, the organization of PNs as the expressions of personal identities depends on subjects and the social networks in which they are embedded, and not on their PNs (their meanings or interpretations read into them). It is right to say that subjects keep PNs isolated from each other, as well as from the language system. While following in the footsteps of Whorf and relying on Aristotle, Vigotsky, De Saussure, etc. we demonstrate that language bears the distinction between “male” and “female” as a relationship between two predefined complementary classes. In the spoken language, they are variously interpreted and expressed using various types of means – symbolic (male – female) or non-symbolic (“he” – “she”, grammatical gender). Regardless of whether a language distinguishes the noun gender and regardless of the way it reacts to the sex, this relationship that is understood by itself dictates that the identity of a person be determined at the moment of naming and classified as ‘male’ or ‘female’, which are (in the collective linguistic consciousness) taken as two polarized classes of the same rank. The same rank of the opposites means that there is no coordination (‘female’ ‖ ‘male’ – MAN) and that it is impossible to elevate PNs to a general level, due to which PNs, as parts of the corpus of personal names, form a distinct group in the language system. This explains the fact that entire corpora of personal names may be replaced without any consequence for the language as a system, which indirectly reveals the organizational principles of the language as a system. The status of PNs as the units of the corpus of personal names indicates that the organization of language does not rest on binary relations, especially not between two units of the same rank. It has to rely on three-unit structures that can be abstracted to the relationship DEFINED ‖ UNDEFINED – NEUTRAL. The fact that PNs are consistently divided into male and female shows that the identity of a human being as an individual (person and personality) cannot exist without the touch of the “forces” of ‘female’ and ‘male’. Furthermore, it also shows that the “identity” of a MAN as a human and biological being (a being defined in terms of gender and genus) could not exist without disregarding these forces. In other words, language would be impossible if the action of these forces were incessant.

More...

Przeklinanie – pojęcie, cele i profilaktyka

Author(s): Grzegorz Ignatowski / Language(s): Polish Issue: 3/2018

Swearing is becoming an increasingly common phenomenon not only in professional life but also in social and family life. It should not be surprising because there are more and more researchers who believe that it helps to relieve negative emotions, unites groups, facilitates learning foreign languages and even brings relief in physical suffering. However untested, considerations that have not been fully confirmed cannot override the negative side of swearing. People who use offensive words are becoming more and more aggressive, willing to break established ethical and professional standards. In order to oppose the phenomenon of swearing, one must constantly emphasize the beauty of language and its everlasting values.

More...

SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLINGUISTIC TRENDS IN THE TRANSLATION PROCESS

Author(s): Miroslava Metleaeva / Language(s): English Issue: 4/2016

Translation-research is a specific, experimental way to understand the formation of the structure of the translated text and the creation of a translation that is faithful to the original. In order to understand what is going on in translator’s mind, the translation-research relies on the psychological aspects of the translation process based on an introspective observation. In the translation activity, which is a creative process between the author and the translator, arise "conflict" situations. The temporal medium, the dual nature of translation, the fundamental differences between the process of an artistic text creation and its translation must be considered in the process of transforming the original into the second material reality.

More...

Восприятие мира поляками и русскими в свете показаний ядра языкового сознания (на материале ассоциативных словарей)

Author(s): Barbara Rodziewicz / Language(s): Russian Issue: 53/2018

The paper addresses from a psycholinguistic perspective the issue of the linguistic picture of the world of Poles and Russians. The author performs an analysis of the reversed Polish and Russian associative dictionaries that form the so-called cores of language consciousness.

More...

LES PERSONNAGES DE À LA RECHERCHE DU TEMPS PERDU DE MARCEL PROUST

Author(s): Anca Lungu / Language(s): French Issue: 13/2018

The paper represents a sub-chapter of the thesis 'Translating idiolects. Case study : À la recherche du temps perdu by Marcel Proust' which intends to analyse the translation accuracy, coherence, techniques and strategies of three idiolects in the Proustian novel, done by the two Romanian translators, Irina Mavrodin and Radu Cioculescu. This article deals with specificities in the Proustian character, closely related to the language they speak, particularities that immortalize and make unique the protagonist inside the French and worldwide literature, thus underlying the Proustian originality for the genre and proving his innovation in the history of the novel. We approach characters from different perspectives, classifying them and grouping them by typologies, real world references and insisting on characterizing them from the social viewpoint, the one that also influences their language; we also depict the Proustian characters in relation to the great novel themes like Time, Art, Love, Space, History, Name, Desire and Literature. We thought it relevant to analyse them on our way to defining specificity of their language, in order to understand where they come from as of space and social environment, what justifies them in the position they take inside the novel, why they change behaviour and expression, or why they prefer a certain register, a series of idioms, and dare innovate the language. Our assertions about the characters in the novel that jostled the romantic patterns forever are founded on Proustologue studies like J.-Y. Tadié, A.Compagnon, J.Dubois, C. Bidou-Zachariasen, A.Bouillaguet, R.Coudert, G.Deleuze, G.Poulet, G.Picon, R. Barthes and others.

More...

APHASIA FROM THE PRECLASSIC TO THE CONTEMPORARY PERIOD

Author(s): Réka Incze (Kutasi) / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 13/2018

Defined as a language impairment, the study of aphasia encompasses a long period of time, starting with the discovery of the Edwin Smith Papirus, and up to the present moment when it is intensely studied by researchers from almost all over the world. As the study of aphasia is so widespread, I believe it is appropriate to highlight some interesting and useful facts about the first studies conducted by researchers, their findings as well as the new discoveries from the contemporary period. The aim of the present paper is to exhibit the most important discoveries and to highlight the most interesting facts regarding aphasia of each period.

More...

APHASIA IN BILINGUAL INDIVIDUALS

Author(s): Réka Incze (Kutasi) / Language(s): English Issue: 12/2017

Nowadays most of us speak more than one language. We all use language in order to communicate with others. Damage to the brain due to certain neurological disorders, such as stroke, can lead to language impairment defined as aphasia. A lot of studies were performed with reference to the mechanisms involved in language production in case of monolingual aphasic patients but little attention was attributed to bilingualism in cognitive neuropsychology research. Due to the language differences that frequently appear as a result of this disorder, it is vital to perform speech-language evaluation in each of the languages the patient is proficient in, as these can distinctively be affected thus, testing only one language cannot evaluate the severity of the impairment. Understanding language organization and processing in bilingual aphasic speakers is important for the understanding of the structure and function of bilingual speech in people who do not suffer from any kind of language impairment.

More...

Psychological and educational aspects of bilingualism. An opportunity for the Romanian educational practice and research

Author(s): Ionut-Dorin Stanciu / Language(s): English Issue: 9/2011

Bilingualism is a topic widely recognized in educational research and strategically considered in the context of European Union’s Lisbon strategy. Numerous theories now converge towards framing a discipline known as developmental psycholinguistic. The research is still young but the results and effects of the second language learning go beyond the individual and impact on the society. Most research on second language acquisition comes, in an overwhelming proportion, from the USA. Romania benefits from a unique blend of minority groups speaking native languages different from Romanian. The Romanian education system is in a fortunate position to analyze and research the characteristics of second language acquisition for ethnic groups such as the Hungarian minority, the German minority, or the Roma minority. The present paper describes a selection of potential areas of research. The results for the educational research and the integration within the European educational policies are straightforward.

More...

THE AFFECTIVE – TEMPERAMENTAL PARADYGM AND THE OPTIMISATION OF THE TEACHING/LEARNING PROCESS OF ROMANIAN AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE

Author(s): Ludmila Braniște / Language(s): Romanian Issue: 11/2017

In the process of teaching/learning a foreign language, which in our case is Romanian, preliminary acquaintance with the affective-temperamental paradigm plays an important role in both the orientation of didactic activity controlled by the professor and the optimization of the product generated by the student. The adaptation and personalization of the contents according to the predominant temperamental profile of the user of the language, learner-oriented teaching, as well as the interdisciplinary character of psycholinguistic methodologies are some of the positive results achieved due to the realization that it is necessary that the Romanian academic staff should concentrate upon the dynamical-energetic component of personality.

More...

TEACHING LISTENING SKILLS: A PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Irina-Ana Drobot / Language(s): English Issue: 11/2017

How can we teach listening skills in such a way that students can both acquire them efficiently and retain them over time? One method is empathetic listening, meaning creating an emotional connection with the interlocutor. Another method has to do with bottom-up processing, meaning that the listening activities need to offer the conditions for the learners’ understanding of divisions between word and clauses, recognizing key words, and so on. The importance of teaching listening nowadays has to do with the importance of language proficiency tests such as the Cambridge, TOEFL, IELTS, and so on, which allow non-native English speakers to emigrate to and work in English-speaking countries. Psychologists hold that good listening skills are essential to the communication process. Closely linked to the concept of empathy is the concept of active listening, rephrasing what has been said to show that you have understood. Standard multiple-choice questions from English language proficiency tests for listening comprehension reflect concepts from psychology such as empathy and active listening. The multiple choice answers suggest a rephrasing of the communication we hear on tape to show that the students have got the right meaning. What is more, theories from pragmatics can also improve the understanding of what happens in testing listening comprehension. The focus is usually on the implied meaning of various assertions.

More...