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Przeżywanie diagnozy opóźnionego rozwoju mowy przez rodziców dzieci z zaburzeniami językowymi o nieznanej etiologii. Badanie fenomenologiczne

Author(s): Magdalena Knapek / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2024

The text consists of four parts. The first one discusses the phenomenon of delayed speech development, as well as how parents experience the diagnosis of various diseases and disorders in their children. Then, the author presents the methodology of the phenomenological study. The third part discusses the results obtained as part of the study so that they can be compared with other works of this type at the end of the article.

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Wybrane aspekty pojmowania czasu przez osoby z ASD

Author(s): Marta Korendo,Ewa Zmuda / Language(s): Polish Issue: 9/2024

The article aims to show selected aspects of understanding the category of time by people on the autism spectrum. The specificity of time processing and perception by these people has been shown against the background of neurobiological and cultural conditions. The authors review the literature on the neurobiology of time and the cultural understanding and determination of time. They draw attention to the need to deepen the research on time processing by patients with ASD due to the importance of this skill for cognitive and social functioning of both children and adults. Based on a case study, special attention was given to was also paid to the problem of treating time as a stereotypy/fixation by people on the spectrum, which may signal complex reasons for differences in the processing and understanding of time, relating, among others, to adaptive abilities, communication difficulties or cognitive mechanisms. The research review and case analysis clearly indicate the need to conduct population research and include the problem in question in the scope of therapy for people on the autism spectrum.

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Fenomeni i zëvendësimit të një tingulli me një tingull tjetër në gjuhën arabe

Author(s): Besim Mehmeti / Language(s): Albanian Issue: 1/2024

Dialects vary across different regions of the Arab world, with each group of people being characterized by the dialects they speak. Despite all dialects having a common origin, and Arabic itself being the same, you will notice significant differences when traveling from one country to another. At the same time, certain dialects can spread across regions even without any direct connection between them. The differences between these dialects arise from various linguistic features, such as swapping or substituting letters, or adding letters in specific ways. The Egyptian writer Mustafa Sadiq Al-Rafi'i made considerable efforts to explore and study this phenomenon in his book The History of Arabic Literature. It is also well known that classical Arabic was not represented by the Quraish dialect alone; rather, it is a blend of several regional dialects. These dialects emerged due to various factors and influences over time.

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Nieprawidłowości w odżywianiu matki i dziecka jako czynniki ryzyka zaburzeń rozwoju umiejętności komunikacyjnych

Author(s): Katarzyna Kaczorowska-Bray / Language(s): Polish Issue: 4/2024

Eating disorders are diagnosed in 8 to 10% of women, with their peak prevalence at thebeginning of the reproductive age, i.e. at the end of adolescence. The available literatureshows that children of such mothers show an increased risk of developmental disorders,including cognitive, social and emotional problems. Improper, unbalanced diet of bothmothers and their offspring should also be considered a factor increasing the riskof developmental difficulties, including speech and language development disorders.Primary logopedic prevention should include activities aimed at shaping the right approachand spreading knowledge about the impact of a proper diet on reproductive capabilities,women’s health, the course of pregnancy and childbirth as well as child developmentin all its aspects.

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Into the Writers’ Room: Looking at Polish Characters in Contemporary Dutch-Language Audiovisual Fiction Through the Lens of Production Research

Author(s): Kris Van Heuckelom / Language(s): English Issue: 46/2024

This article looks into the genesis and development of Poland-related subject matter in foreignaudiovisual media. It does so by adding a production-oriented perspective to the scholarly debatesurrounding the appearance and instrumentalization of Polish characters in non-Polish TV shows.While pointing to the contingency – rather than the inevitability or the complete arbitrariness – ofcertain representational practices, this research draws on a series of samples and examples takenfrom the media landscape that the author is most familiar with, namely, contemporary audiovisualfiction produced in the Dutch language. The article is largely based on a range of semi-structuredinterviews conducted with Belgian screenwriters who have been closely involved in the creation anddevelopment of Polish characters for Flemish TV and film over the past three decades.

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British or American English: Bosnian learners’ preferences

Author(s): Amna Brdarević-Čeljo,Šejla Švraka,Vildana Dubravac / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

Exonormatively oriented EFL speakers are well-disposed towards native varieties, particularly British and American English. Due to the varieties’ overlapping domains of influence, the question of consistency and preferences for one of the varieties comes into focus. Hence, this study explores Bosnian respondents’ preference for British or American English in pronunciation, orthography, lexis and grammar and their ability to recognise language units as characteristic of one variety or the other. Additionally, the study investigates whether students maintain consistency or whether they are inclined to use both varieties interchangeably. The obtained results confirm that Bosnian respondents have a solid knowledge of varietal differences but are highly inconsistent. Still, they prefer the American variety in all domains of language use, to a differing extent though.

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Procedures and strategies used in English-Arabic news translation. The case of Palestinian graduates’ translations

Author(s): Mahmoud Fannouna / Language(s): English Issue: 1/2024

This paper examines English-Arabic news translation processes, emphasizing the strategies and procedures employed by Palestinian graduates. Delving into linguistic and cultural dimensions, the study identified 16 common procedures, including calque, transposition, and nearsynonymy. Demonstrating the necessity of balancing semantic and communicative meaning, translators navigate nuanced choices to preserve intent while adapting to the target language. The cultural translation analysis highlights the prevalence of cultural borrowing and calque, signifying a foreignizing approach. The prevalence of foreignization is around 93%, indicating that instances of domestication through cultural redomestication are limited. The findings illuminate translators' endeavors to reconcile linguistic precision, cultural significance, and communicative efficacy, contributing nuanced insights to English-Arabic news translation practices. This research enriches scholarly discussions on translation, serving as a valuable resource for professionals, educators, and researchers.

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EDİRNELİ ŞÂHİDÎ’NİN LEYLÂ vü MECNÛN (GÜLŞEN-İ UŞŞÂK) MESNEVİSİNDE MEKÂN

Author(s): Funda DOLAHMET,Ziya AVŞAR / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 64/2024

Place is an important element that forms the text rings of narrative works. It is the place where the events take place and the people live in. It gives reality to the narratives and makes the events and people more clearly visible. It is also an element that directly affects and shapes the cast of characters in narratives. It has an important function in determining the course of events in the masnavi, indicating the characters of the masnavi heroes and making psychological analyzes. One of the methods of analyzing the duties of the place in the narrative is to examine its environmental and factual aspects. Analyzing the space with its factual aspect analyzes the problematic of person-place identity and makes a significant contribution to both understanding and making sense of the text. It is also very important in solving the structure of reciprocal relations. In this study, space in Edirneli Şâhidî's masnavi Leylâ vü Mecnûn will be analyzed in its phenomenal aspect.

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ÇAĞATAY TÜRKÇESİ DÖNEMİ METİNLERİNDE SES DÜŞMELERİ

Author(s): Adnan Kok / Language(s): Turkish Issue: 64/2024

Chagatai Turkish is an important written language that was used in Central Asia between the 15th and 20th centuries and is one of the Turkic languages. This language developed during the Timurid Empire period and was utilized as a literary language by prominent poets, such as Ali Shir Nevai. Chagatai Turkish evolved from Karakhanid Turkish and later transformed into Modern Uzbek. It was written using the Arabic script and was strongly influenced by Persian and Arabic. Poets and writers of the time combined both vernacular speech and the nuances of literary language to compose their works in this medium. Chagatai Turkish significantly contributed to the development of the language and fostered the emergence of important poets such as Ali Shir Nevai, Hüseyin Baykara, Mevlana Sekkaki, and Lutfî. In this context, key works from the period have been analyzed to identify instances of phonetic reductions. Within this framework, Chagatai Turkish texts have been examined, and examples of phonetic reductions are presented, categorized under two main headings: vowel and consonant reductions. Furthermore, reductions occurring in the initial, medial, and final positions of words have been identified, with an analysis of the frequency of vowel and consonant drops.

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Произход, същност и начини на установяване на официално-деловия стил

Author(s): Zornitsa Ivanova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2024

Tracing the origins, essence, and methods of establishment of the official-business style contributes to understanding the influence of various social, economic, cultural, and political changes on the language. After the Liberation of Bulgaria, numerous changes occurred regarding the linguistic state, which are closely related to the emergence and development of the official-business style. The sociolinguistic prerequisites for the development of this style have been thoroughly examined, revealing the mechanisms through which social factors impact the language and the role it plays in economic, cultural, and political contexts. There is a direct connection between these prerequisites and the emergence and development of this particular style, which is why its establishment in the Bulgarian language is analyzed across different historical periods.

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Езиковият образ на престъпността от Възраждането до днес

Author(s): Margarita Gerginova / Language(s): Bulgarian Issue: 1-2/2024

Public interest in crime, tragedies, and criminal acts has always been a subject of curiosity and fascination. Numerous studies confirm that we are generally drawn to specific types of crimes and victims. For centuries, people have engaged with this topic through scary stories, books, films, newspapers, television shows, social media, and more. Undeniably, the media, in its various forms throughout different eras, has played a crucial role in shaping perceptions of criminals, crime, and the justice system. The journey of this topic in Bulgaria is both intriguing and cohesive. Its widespread coverage began during the Bulgarian National Revival, when various criminal news stories were published in periodicals. Today, crime and tragedies occupy a significant portion of media space. Interestingly, the motives for publishing and disseminating such news have remained remarkably consistent across eras—media sensationalism aimed at garnering greater public interest, which logically leads to higher revenues for the respective media.

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«La mano de Dios» o «el milagro del fútbol»: religión y magia en el discurso futbolístico de la prensa española

Author(s): Valentyna Kotenko / Language(s): Spanish Issue: 12/2024

The objective of this article is to give a panoramic view of the realization of the categories of religious discourse in the football press and in books of journalistic style dedicated to football. It is an interdisciplinary study which, in its theoretical part, provides an examination of the dialogue of the two social phenomena (religion and sport) in the language and, in its practical part, highlights the main semantic fields that evidence the presence of the discourse of religion and magic in football discourse. According to our observations, a newspaper article is full of denominations that come from the religious sphere due to the coexistence of two of them throughout history: sport, religion and language itself are all products of society. With the intention of visualizing the football spectacle, adding drama and formulating absolutes, the authors turn to magical realities and religious phenomena. The main tool for the effectuation of the phenomenon of this interdiscourse is the metaphor of the nominal, adjectival, predicative, comparative and visual character that plays the emotive, appellative and aesthetic function.

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Power bottom, gay versatile, top persistant, and other borrowings from English in erotic biographies of gay and bisexual porn stars on French adult websites

Author(s): MATEUSZ BIAŁAS / Language(s): English Issue: 02 (45)/2024

This paper examines lexical borrowings from English in the erotic biographies of gay and bisexual pornactors available on French websites. The study adopts an anthropological perspective, drawing on David Le Breton’sconcept of the ‘liberated’ body and Marie-Anne Paveau’s typology of pornographic discourse. Three main types ofborrowings have been identified: full borrowings (e.g., bareback), hybrid borrowings (e.g., hardeur), and seman-tic calques (e.g., versatile). The analysis reveals that full borrowings are predominant in the corpus, particularlyin conceptual and lexical anaphors referring to specific antecedents, namely male porn stars. Moreover, theseborrowings serve various functions in constructing the representations and identities of porn actors within thediscourse examined, reflecting both their physical attributes, social roles, and sexual preferences. The investigationemphasizes the significance of borrowings as one of the key mechanism for enriching the French language, espe-cially in the context of persuasive discourse, which mirrors the evolution of societies and contemporary culturaland social phenomena. Ultimately, the study may contribute to the understanding of how linguistic borrowingsshape the portrayal of marginalized groups in media and influence the broader discourse on sexuality and identity.

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DOES LINGUISTIC PERFORMANCE IN ROMANIAN INFLUENCE SOCIAL AXIOMS, BASIC PSYCHOLOGICAL NEEDS, AND SUBJECTIVE WELL-BEING?

Author(s): Cătălin MOSOIA / Language(s): English Issue: 14/2024

Objectives. This study explores the link between social axioms, basic psychological needs, and subjective well-being, considering Romanian participants' linguistic performance, specifically whether different levels of linguistic performance influence social axioms and other variables analyzed in this study. Material and methods. 190 adult Romanian males and females (M = 40.25; SD = 11.16) completed the Basic Psychological Need Satisfaction and Frustration Scale—General Measure; Social Axioms Survey II; the World Health Organization Well-Being Index; and the Language Experience and Proficiency Questionnaire, a measure of linguistic performance in Romanian. The study analyzed two groups of participants: those with high- and low-level linguistic performance in Romanian. Results. Participants with high linguistic performance in Romanian tend to exhibit high values of social cynicism, social complexity, and fate control. Individuals with low linguistic performance tend to exhibit low scores at reward for application and religiosity. A t-test for independent groups reveals that fate control differs between the two groups of participants: fate control means scores of the high-level linguistic performance group (M = 22.87, SD = 5.378) are significantly higher (t = 2.308, df = 188, p = .022) than those of the low-level linguistic performance group (M = 21.04, SD = 5.515). Higher linguistic performance tends to be associated with psychological needs satisfaction, while lower levels are associated with frustration. High well-being scores are associated with the high-level linguistic performance group. Conclusions. Individuals with a strong sense of fate control tend to believe it is pointless to resist it, yet they acknowledge the presence of expectations. A balance in evaluating social situations contributes to subjective well-being for those with high linguistic ability.

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LINGUISTIC ASPECTS OF MINORITIES’ INTEGRATION IN MONTENEGRO: APPLYING EUROPEAN VALUES IN THE CONTEXT OF LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY

Author(s): Anica Bojic / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The process of accession to the European Union involves establishing an institutional and legal framework that aligns with its norms and values. Montenegro aspires to become a new EU member, but developing a sustainable multicultural policy requires profound changes in value systems. Respect for unity and diversity is crucial for societal prosperity and reflects EU values whose motto is "United in diversity". As a multi-ethnic and multicultural country, Montenegro faces challenges in integrating minority communities, and linguistic aspects play a key role in preserving cultural identity and enabling equal participation of all citizens in social life. This paper analyzes the extent to which European values are applied in Montenegro through support for linguistic diversity and integration of minority communities, focusing on the legal framework and representation of minority languages in the education system and media.

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LINGVOSTILISTIČKI ASPEKTI INTERKULTURNOG DIJALOGA U PJESMI „BANOVIĆ STRAHINJA“

Author(s): Milena Burić / Language(s): Montenegrine Issue: 2/2024

The paper analyzes from the perspective of linguistic stylistics an apparently secondary episode of the folk epic poem "Banović Strahinja", which was communicated to Vuk Karadžić by one of his two most important poet-singers in the territory of today's Montenegro - Starac Milija from Kolašin. The focus is on the relationship between members of two different religions and cultures, presented through the protagonist's encounter with an old dervish, to which the folklore creator devotes almost a quarter of his work, around two hundred verses. By interpreting the poetic function of figures of analogy (metaphor, contrast), by analyzing the stylogenicity of selected language units at the lexical, syntagmatic and syntactic level, it is concluded that the opposite characters, regardless of the fact that they are determined by different religious affiliations, have the same ideals: truthfulness, mutual respect, humanity, courage and the ability to forgive. The dialogue between Strahinja Banović and the dervishes is observed as an element of anticipation of the poem's epilogue, i.e. as an indispensable tool for decoding the reasons for forgiving a woman's infidelity.

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Kako percipiramo drugog: prenošenje orijentalizma u prijevodu

Author(s): Adriana Katavić / Language(s): Bosnian Issue: 61/2024

This paper explores the elements of orientalism and their translation in the works of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle about Sherlock Holmes, focusing on the novel A Study in Scarlet and the story The Man with the Twisted Lip. The question we investigate is whether we, as members of the target culture, have the same experience of the works and the presence of orientalism within them as readers from the source culture. This is explored through a contrastive analysis of translations from English to Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian, grounded in critical discourse analysis. The research emphasizes the importance of raising awareness of the existence of orientalism in literature, which primarily reaches us through translations. By understanding the source culture, we enhance our cultural capital, and through translation analyses, we approach literary and other discourses with greater critical awareness, becoming more sensitive to the Other.

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USE OF SLANG IN 1990’S BRITISH AND AMERICAN FILMS – A GENDER STUDIES PERSPECTIVE

Author(s): Zoran Pervan / Language(s): Croatian Issue: 7/2024

Language is a complex system that is always changing and growing as it is being used in establishing knowledge, setting the norms, values, status, and to establish cohesion and trust. However, language also plays a role in constructing social meaning. One of the more interesting phenomena when it comes to new words invention is the use of slang. Slang is one of the vehicles through which language changes and becomes renewed, and the vigor and color of slang enrich daily speech. This paper will study the usage of slang in different British and American films that deal with drug abuse in order to see how and on which scale slang is being used, and more specifically to see what the differences are in use between British and American films that deal with the topic of drug abuse. The films which will be analyzed are Trainspotting, Human Traffic, Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas and The Basketball Diaries. The overall aim is to investigate slang as it is reflected in films about drug abuse made in the 1990s. More specific research questions are: What different areas of use are represented in the slang that is being used? Is there a difference in the way men and women use slang? Slang is a male-dominated world, with women playing only minor roles so it is supposed that there are differences in gender representation in the usage of slang

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From Translation to Naturalization, from Translanguaging to Lingua Universalis

Author(s): Franca Daniele / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

In many multilingual societies, English serves as a Lingua Franca, which refers to the use of English language as a way to communicate among speakers with diverse native languages, representing a bridge language. It is noteworthy that in these sociolinguistic multilingual settings language users are bilinguals, acting some language practices requiring specific cognitive strategies. The language practices that occur are languaging, translanguaging, and translation. Two previously reported cognitive strategies are discussed in the present paper as being used in multicultural, multilingual settings, code-switching and code-mixing, which are correlated with two language practices, languaging and translanguaging, respectively.Moreover, here, in the present paper, a novel cognitive strategy is identified and introduced for the first time, the ‘two-way code-flowing’, which is coupled with the ‘naturalization process’ during translation. Differently from code-switching and code-mixing, in two-way code-flowing, the languages flow back and forth reciprocally, and the activity always yields only one language.

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Exploring Sustainable Tourism through Semio-Linguistic Analysis: The Case of Europe's Top Destinations

Author(s): Renzo Mocini / Language(s): English Issue: 2/2024

The ubiquitous presence of the term “sustainability” in the “semiosphere” explains why it has acquired multiple meanings in common usage, depending on the domain of discourse within which it happens to occur. The present contribution seeks to explore the semantics of sustainability within the specific discourse domain of tourism, where it is largely addressed and exploited for promotional purposes. Considering the key role played by sustainability as a determining factor in the choice of a tourist destination, many countries’ institutional tourist websites include a section dealing with sustainable travel. Drawing on quantitative and qualitative analysis, this study investigates the semio-linguistic mechanisms by means of which a locality aims to build up an image of itself as a sustainable destination. The examples discussed are taken from a corpus of promotional institutional webpages and selected to best represent how the promotors of destinations entrust discourse with the task of creating meanings capable of influencing tourists’ perceptions and choices. The semio-linguistic analysis will reveal the presence of a series of narrative constants and valorisation strategies beneath the apparent diversity of the discursive surface of the promotional webpages investigated. It will also help outline the profile of the potential “sustainable” tourist inscribed in the texts under consideration.

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